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Physical effect of cloud seeding revealed by noaa satellite imagery

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第1期50卷 44-51页

作者： YUXing DAIJin LEIHengchi XUXiaohong FANPeng CHENZhengqi DUANChanghui WANGYong MeteorologicalInstituteofShaanxiProvince Xi'an710015China InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100029China CenterofWeatherModificationofShaanxiProvince Xi'an710015China MeteorologicalBureauofXianyang Xianyang712000China

From 0615 to 0749 UTC, 14 March 2000, a precipitation enhancement operation with AgI using an air- craft was conducted at the middle part of Shaanxi Province, China. 80 min after cloud seeding (0735 UTC), noaa-14 satellite data showed a vivid zigzag cloud track on the satel- lite image. Its length is 301 km, and its average and maxi- mum width are 8.3 and 11 km. The cloud track is very simi- lar in shape with, but different in position and width from that of cloud seeding line. In order to determine that the cloud track is indeed caused by cloud seeding, a three-dimensional numerical model of transport and diffu- sion of seeding material is used to simulate the shape of seeding material concentration distribution, the turning points, width and length of seeding line. The simulated re- sults are compared with the features of cloud track at 0735 UTC. Every segment of the cloud track is consistent with the transport and diffusion of every segment of seeding line. The transport position, length, width and the variation trend of seeding line agree with those of cloud track. All suggest that the cloud track is the direct physical reflection of cloud seed- ing effect on the cloud top, which can respond to the trans- port and diffusion of seeding material. For this study case, the main effecting duration for every segment of seeding line is from 20 to 80 min, the time for each segment of seeding line diffusing to the maximum width is from about 50 to 70 min. This time is obtained from the appearing and disap- pearing time, width variation of the cloud track segments and simulated results. Also, the comparisons demonstrate that the numerical model of transport and diffusion can simulate the main characteristics of transport and diffusion of seeding material, and the simulating results are sound and trustworthy.

关键词：物理效应人工降雨 noaa 人造卫星云迹数字模拟

Particle bursts in the inner radiation belt related to global lightning activity

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第11期56卷 2658-2667页

作者： WU Fei HAO YongQiang ZHANG DongHe Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences

Particle bursts(PBs),the phenomena characterized by short-term increases of particle counting rates(CRs),were observed by space-borne radiation belt particle detectors.With the electron CR data obtained by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(noaa)-18 satellite,the occurrence of PBs in the inner belt(1 L 2 and B 20.5 T)were derived for years2006–2011.The monthly occurrence number of PBs exhibits a strong maximum in northern summer(May–August).In association with global lightning data,the seasonal occurrence of PBs is found to be consistent with the lightning activity,especially if only lightning flashes at latitudes>20°are taken into account.The positive correlation between PBs and mid-latitude lightning discharges indicates the role of lightning-induced whistler waves,and is consistent with the expected pitch-angle scattering by wave-particle interactions.The contribution of lightning is so significant that it forms a non-negligible seasonal background of PBs.If one connects PBs to seismoelectromagnetic emissions(SEME)in attempt to find the earthquake precursor,the lightning background needs to be considered with great care.

关键词：粒子探测器闪电活动辐射带 PBS noaa 雷电活动正相关性闪电放电

The experience of land cover change detection by satellite data

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第2期6卷 140-146页

作者： Lev SPIVAK Irina VITKOVSKAYA Madina BATYRBAYEVA Alexey TEREKHOV The Institute of Space Research National Centre of Space Research and Technology of the Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty 050010 Kazakhstan

Sigificant dependence from climate and anthropogenic influences characterize ecological systems of Kazakhstan. As result of the geographical location of the republic and ecological situation vegetative degradation sites exist throughout the territory of Kazakhstan. The major process of desertification takes place in the arid and semi-arid areas. To allocate spots of stable degradation of vegetation, the transition zone was first identified. Productivity of vegetation in transfer zone is slightly dependent on climate conditions. Multi-year digital maps of vegetation index were generated with noaa satellite images. According to the result, the territory of the republic was zoned by means of vegetation productivity criterion. All the arable lands in Kazakhstan are in the risky agriculture zone. Estimation of the productivity of agricultural lands is highly important in the context of risky agriculture, where natural factors, such as wind and water erosion, can significantly change land quality in a relatively short time period. We used an integrated vegetation index to indicate land degradation measures to assess the inter-annual features in the response of vegetation to variations in climate conditions from low- resolution satellite data for all of Kazakhstan. This analysis allowed a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of land degradation in the country.

关键词： remote sensing noaa land cover changes,vegetation indexes

COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON OUTBREAKS IN 2004 AND 2008

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2011年第1期17卷 73-78页

作者：范伶俐郭品文 Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Guangdong Ocean University

The South China Sea summer monsoon is an important system affecting the weather and climate in China;its outbreak and evolution vary from year to year.Using the reanalysis data from the U.S.National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (noaa),USA,we analyze the circulation pattern,precipitation distribution,convection,temperature,and humidity around the monsoon outbreaks in 2004 and 2008.Results show that the monsoon had a late onset in 2004 (May 19) but an early outbreak in 2008 (May 4).Prior to the monsoon outbreak in 2008,cross-equatorial flows in Somalia were weaker than in 2004,subtropical precipitation did not arrive in southern China as it did in 2004,and the strongest convection was located more southward than in 2004.The results also indicate that accumulated rainfall in the Indochina Peninsula was about 61% of that in 2004 during a period of 25 days leading up to the monsoon outbreak,causing differences in land surface processes and then different activity levels for the summer monsoon.Post-onset warm and humid conditions in 2008 (2004) maintained through the end of October (mid-September),while the summer monsoon lasted longer in 2008 than in 2004.

关键词：中国南海夏季季风季风暴发季风爆发特性射出长波辐射再分析资料 noaa

Statistical Characteristics of ENSO Events in CMIP5 Models

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2014年第6期7卷 546-552页

作者： RAO Jian REN Rong-Cai State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

By applying the historical-run outputs from 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) models and the noaa Extended Reconstructed SST V3 b dataset(ERSST), the characteristics of different types of ENSO in the selected CMIP5 models, including cold-season-matured Eastern Pacific(C-EP) ENSO, warmseason-matured EP(W-EP) ENSO, cold-season-matured Central Pacific(C-CP) ENSO, and warm-season-matured CP(W-CP) ENSO, were examined in comparison with those in the ERSST dataset. The results showed that, in general, consistent with observations, EP ENSO events in most of the model runs were relatively much stronger than CP ENSO events, and cold-season-matured ENSO events were relatively much more frequent than warm-season-matured ENSO events for both EP and CP ENSO events. The composite amplitudes of ENSO events in most of the models were generally weaker than in observations, particularly for EP El Ni?o and CP La Ni?a. Moreover, most of the models successfully reproduced the amplitude asymmetries between El Ni?o and La Ni?a for cold-season-matured EP and CP ENSO events, exhibiting an average stronger/weaker EP El Ni?o/La Ni?a regime and a weaker/stronger CP El Ni?o/La Ni?a regime. Most of the models, however, failed to reproduce the observed regimes of stronger/weaker W-EP El Ni?o/ La Ni?a and weaker/stronger W-CP El Ni?o/La Ni?a.

关键词： ENSO事件统计特征厄尔尼诺东太平洋拉尼娜 noaa 耦合模式数据集

The Study of In-Orbit Calibration Accuracy of noaa Satellite Infrared Sounder and Its Effect on Temperature Profile Retrievals

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1990年第2期7卷 211-219页

作者：董超华刘全华黎光清张凤英 Satellite Meteorological Center State Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Satellite Meteorological Center State Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081he calibration accuracy of High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder Mod. 2 (HIRS / 2) on NOAA-10 satellite is analyzed in this paper. The non-linear effect in the linear calibration curve induces a deviation of 1.5 degrees (k) of brightness temperature in the tenth channel (8.3 um water vapor absorption) of the HIRS/2 and the non-linear effect affects the other channels to a different extent. Based on analyzing non- linearity in two-point calibration curve a tri-point calibration equation is given. A numerical test of effects of the linear and non-linear calibration models on the accuracy of atmospheric temperature retrievals is carried out.

The calibration accuracy of High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder Mod. 2 (HIRS / 2) on noaa-10 satellite is analyzed in this paper. The non-linear effect in the linear calibration curve induces a deviation of 1.5 degrees (k) of brightness temperature in the tenth channel (8.3 um, water vapor absorption) of the HIRS/2 and the non-linear effect affects the other channels to a different extent. Based on analyzing non- linearity in two-point calibration curve, a tri-point calibration equation is given. A numerical test of effects of the linear and non-linear calibration models on the accuracy of atmospheric temperature retrievals is carried out.

关键词： In The Study of In-Orbit Calibration Accuracy of noaa Satellite Infrared Sounder and Its Effect on Temperature Profile Retrievals noaa CLI

Quality Control and Analysis of Global Gauge-Based Daily Precipitation Dataset from 1980 to 2009

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2012年第1期3卷 45-53页

作者： NIE Su-Ping LUO Yong LI Wei-Ping WU Tong-Wen SHI Xue-Li WANG Zai-Zhi Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

A series of quality control(QC) procedures were performed on a gauge-based global daily precipitation dataset from the Global Telecommunication System(GTS) for the period 1980-2009.A new global daily precipitation(NGDP) dataset was constructed by applying those QC procedures to eliminate erroneous records.The NGDP dataset was evaluated using the noaa Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation(CMAP) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP) precipitation datasets.The results showed that the frequency distribution and spatial distribution pattern of NGDP had a nice match with those from the CMAP and GPCP datasets.The global mean correlation coefficients with the CMAP and GPCP data increased from 0.24 for original GTS precipitation data to about 0.70 for NGDP data.Correspondingly,the root mean square errors(RMSE) decreased from 12 mm per day to 1 mm per day.The interannual variabilities of NGDP monthly precipitation are consistent with the CMAP and GPCP datasets in Asia.Meanwhile,the seasonal variabilities for most land areas on the Earth of NGDP dataset are also consistent with the CMAP and GPCP precipitation products.

关键词：质量控制程序日降水量数据集空间分布格局季节性变化降水气候气候预测 noaa

noaa系列卫星高能粒子数据一致性统计分析

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地球物理学报 2020年第4期63卷 1249-1261页

作者：黄建平余伟豪泽仁志玛李忠楚伟中国地震局地壳应力研究所北京100085 防灾科技学院河北三河065201

顶部电离层是低轨道卫星的运行空间,是能量粒子沉降的重要区域,认识这个空间的能量粒子分布特征对研究各种空间天气事件、地震、火山以及其他人类活动引起的扰动具有重要的现实意义.本文利用位于顶部电离层的5颗noaa系列卫星数据,统计... 详细信息

顶部电离层是低轨道卫星的运行空间,是能量粒子沉降的重要区域,认识这个空间的能量粒子分布特征对研究各种空间天气事件、地震、火山以及其他人类活动引起的扰动具有重要的现实意义.本文利用位于顶部电离层的5颗noaa系列卫星数据,统计研究了100~300keV的电子和80~2500keV的质子的全球分布特征.研究发现:高能电子和质子主要分布在两极辐射带和南大西洋异常区,两极辐射带观测到的高能电子通量比南大西洋异常区高几倍到一个数量级,而质子则相反;高能电子在两极辐射带地区通量分布具有不对称性,主要表现为在北辐射带西经75°到东经90°存在低值区,相对应的是粒子主要聚集在其磁共轭区,且其边界和南大西洋异常区相交;高能质子两极辐射带对称分布,在南半球东经0°至东经50°存在高值区.利用概率密度统计分析发现,各颗卫星在南大西洋异常区和两极辐射带的高能电子和高能质子通量总体上均呈正态分布.在南大西洋异常区,noaa-15观测到的高能电子通量比其他卫星的低,noaa-16观测的高能电子通量比其他卫星的高,各卫星的高能质子观测结果基本相同.在两极辐射带,各卫星观测的高能电子通量结果基本相同,noaa-18和noaa-19观测的质子通量最高,noaa-16和noaa-17次之,noaa-15最低,其中noaa-19比noaa-15观测到的质子通量要高一个数量级左右.在磁暴期间顶部电离层高能电子的变化表明地磁指数Dst和空间粒子通量变化具有时间同步性.本文的研究成果将为我国下一代电磁卫星设计提供基础依据.

关键词：电离层高能粒子 noaa 两极辐射带南大西洋异常区

Simulation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream with GFDL AGCM (AM2.1)

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2011年第1期4卷 24-29页

作者： HUANG Gang LIU Yong Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia （RCE-TEA） Institute of Atmospheric Physics （lAP） Chinese Academy of Science （CAS） Beijing 100029 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG） IAP CAS Beij＇ing 100029 China Center for Monsoon System Research （CMSR） IAP CAS Beijing 100080 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The present study validated the capability of the AM2.1,a model developed at noaa's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL),in reproducing the fundamental features of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (EASWJ).The main behaviors of the EASWJ are also investigated through the reanalysis of observational NCEP/NCAR data.The mean state of the EASWJ,including its intensity,location,structure,and seasonal evolution is generally well-portrayed in the model.Compared with the observation,the model tends to reproduce a weaker jet center.And,during summer,the simulated jet center is northward-situated.Results also demonstrate the model captures the variability of EASWJ during summer well.The results of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) applied on the zonal wind at 200 hPa (U200) over East Asia for both the observation and simulation indicate an inter-decadal shift around the late 1970s.The correlation coefficient between the corresponding principle components is as great as 0.42 with significance at the 99% confidence level.

关键词：副热带西风急流东亚模拟年代际变化模型开发地球物理流体力学实验室 noaa