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Characterization and prediction of tailpipe ammonia emissions from in-use China 5/6 light-duty gasoline vehicles

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 71-81页

作者： Lewei Zeng Fengbin Wang Shupei Xiao Xuan Zheng Xintong Li Qiyuan Xie Xiaoyang Yu Cheng Huang Qingyao Hu Yan You Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd. Tianjin 300300China CATARC Automotive Test Center(Guangzhou)Co.Ltd. Guangzhou 511300China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

On-road tailpipe ammonia (nh3) emissions contribute to urban secondary organic aerosol formation and have direct or indirect adverse impacts on the environment and human health. To understand the tailpipe nh3 emission characteristics, we performed comprehensive chassis dynamometer measurements of nh3 emission from two China 5 and two China 6 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) equipped with three-way catalytic converters (TWCs). The results showed that the distance-based emission factors (EFs) were 12.72 ± 2.68 and 3.18 ± 1.37 mg/km for China 5 and China 6 LDGVs, respectively. Upgrades in emission standards were associated with a reduction in tailpipe nh3 emission. In addition, high nh3 EFs were observed during the engine warm-up period in cold-start cases owing to the intensive emissions of incomplete combustion products and suitable catalytic temperature in the TWCs. Notably, based on the instantaneous nh3 emission rate, distinct nh3–emitting events were detected under high/extra high velocity or rapid acceleration. Furthermore, nh3 emission rates correlated well with engine speed, vehicle specific power, and modified combustion efficiency, which were more easily accessible. These strong correlations were applied to reproduce nh3 emissions from China 5/6 LDGVs. The predicted nh3 EFs under different dynamometer and real-world cycles agreed well with existing measurement and prediction results, revealing that the nh3 EFs of LDGVs in urban routes were within 8.55–11.62 mg/km. The results presented here substantially contribute to improving the nh3 emission inventory for LDGVs and predicting on-road nh3 emissions in China.

关键词： nh3 instantaneous emissions Catalytic temperature Vehicle specific power Combustion efficiency Emission prediction

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