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Quantification and influence factor analysis on total inward leakage of n95 respirators by simulating healthcare professional’s procedures

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Building Simulation 2024年第10期17卷 1731-1748页

作者： Linzhi Fu Jiazhen Guo Yu Zhang Xiaohong Jing Lianhe Lu Yi Wang Rongmeng Jiang Li Liu State Key Laboratory of Green Building Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China School of Resources Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Eco-Planning&Green Building Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

respiratory protection is critical to minimize airborne infection risk for healthcare *** main factor affecting infection risk in the medical scenario is leakage between the respirator and the healthcare workers’***,it is difficult to quantify the effectiveness of respirators due to the numerous influencing *** medical activities were simulated by the fitting test,and the inverse of the results were used to get the total inward leakage of respirators.114 subjects were divided according to gender,profession,age,risk area,and BMIs,participated in fitting test of four n95 *** result showed that the value range of total inward leakage for tested n95 respirators was between 0.50%and 2.39%.Flat-folded respirators were more prone to leakage than cup-shaped ones,so it was essential to account for the impact of respirator ***,this study found that gender and profession had no significant correlation with total inward *** medical procedures include bending,and turning head from side to side,or up and down,which had a significant influence on the protective efficacy of the n95 *** dimensions and BMI exerted a more pronounced influence on the protective efficacy of the n95 respirator,and they were in the *** personnels wore a well-fitting n95 respirator properly for excellent protection,reducing occurrence of nosocomial infections and occupational exposures,and optimizing respiratory protection strategies.

关键词： n95 respirator total inward leakage healthcare personnel fitting test

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To mask or not to mask:Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 293-308页

作者： Steffen E.Eikenberry Marina Mancuso Enahoro Iboi Tin Phan Keenan Eikenberry Yang Kuang Eric Kostelich Abba B.Gumel School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

Face mask use by the general public for limiting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial,though increasingly recommended,and the potential of this intervention is not well *** develop a compartmental model for assessing the communitywide impact of mask use by the general,asymptomatic public,a portion of which may be asymptomatically *** simulations,using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of new York and Washington,suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and ***,mask use decreases the effective transmission rate in nearly linear proportion to the product of mask effectiveness(as a fraction of potentially infectious contacts blocked)and coverage rate(as a fraction of the general population),while the impact on epidemiologic outcomes(death,hospitalizations)is highly nonlinear,indicating masks could synergize with other nonpharmaceutical ***,masks are found to be useful with respect to both preventing illness in healthy persons and preventing asymptomatic *** mask adoption scenarios,for Washington and new York state,suggest that immediate near universal(80%)adoption of moderately(50%)effective masks could prevent on the order of 17e45%of projected deaths over two months in new York,while decreasing the peak daily death rate by 34e58%,absent other changes in epidemic *** very weak masks(20%effective)can still be useful if the underlying transmission rate is relatively low or decreasing:InWashington,where baseline transmission is much less intense,80%adoption of such masks could reduce mortality by 24e65%(and peak deaths 15e69%),compared to 2e9%mortality reduction in new York(peak death reduction 9e18%).Our results suggest use of face masks by the general public is potentially of high value in curtailing community transmission and the burden

关键词： Face mask non-pharmaceutical intervention Cloth mask n95 respirator Surgical mask SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19

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Microwave Detection, Disruption, and Inactivation of Microorganisms

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022年第4期13卷 135-161页

作者： Victor J. Law Denis P. Dowling School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland

This paper reviews three complex interactions between microwave energy and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). The first interaction comprises the detection of viruses within human blood using a 50-Ohm transmission-line vector net-analyzer (typically 0 to 10 dBm @ 2 to 8.5 GHz) where the blood is placed within a test chamber that acts as a non-50-Ohm discontinuity. The second interaction employs 1 to 6.5 W @ 8 to 26 GHz for microwave feed-horn illumination to inactivate microorganisms at an applied power density of 10 to 100 mW-2. The third interaction is within multi-mode microwave ovens, where microorganism cell membrane disruption occurs at a few 100 s of W @ 2.45 GHz and microorganism inactivation between 300 to 1800 W @ 2.45 GHz. Within the first microwave interaction, blood relaxation processes are examined. Whereas in the latter two microwave interactions, the following disruption, and inactivation mechanisms are examined: chemical cellular lysis and, microwave resonant absorption causing cell wall rupture, and thermodynamic analysis in terms of process energy budget and suspension energy density. In addition, oven-specific parameters are discussed.

关键词： Bacteria Fungi Virus Hepatitis C Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus Detection Disruption Inactivation n95 respirator Microwave Oven

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