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基于词汇识别ERP数据的跨语言激活路径研究: 从二语到母语方向

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中文信息学报 2024年第4期38卷 28-37页

作者：杨思琴江铭虎中国人民大学文学院北京100872 清华大学人文学院北京100084

该文运用事件相关电位技术(Event-Related Potentials,ERPs)探索了二语学习者在识别二语(Second Language,L2)词汇时激活母语(native Language,L1)词汇表征的路径。研究设计了隐性启动范式来开展两个实验,通过观察被试对L1中对译词这一... 详细信息

该文运用事件相关电位技术(Event-Related Potentials,ERPs)探索了二语学习者在识别二语(Second Language,L2)词汇时激活母语(native Language,L1)词汇表征的路径。研究设计了隐性启动范式来开展两个实验,通过观察被试对L1中对译词这一隐性条件的感知情况来推测激活结果。脑电结果显示,实验一的被试在执行语义判断任务时,对译词首字重复与不重复的两种情况产生了显著的n400差异,这表明被试通过概念表征激活了L1词汇表征,印证了激活路径Path-1的存在;实验二的被试在执行书写形式判断任务时,在没有语义启动的情况下,同样感知到了对译词重复这一隐性条件,这表明L2词汇表征可以直接激活L1词汇表征,从而证明了激活路径Path-2的存在。总体而言,词汇识别过程中从L2词汇表征到L1词汇表征的激活路径与修正层次模型(the Revised Hierarchical Model,RHM)描绘的词汇产出的激活路径类似。据此,该研究推测,尽管大脑在词汇识别和产出过程中采用了不同的处理机制,但在词汇的跨语言激活过程中,它们依然存在某些共通之处。

关键词：词汇激活路径 P200 n400

老龄化对中文因果复句加工的影响:来自ERP的证据

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西安外国语大学学报 2024年第1期32卷 1-7页

作者：吴胜男杨艳琴张辉南京师范大学外国语学院南京信息工程大学文学院

本文运用ERP技术探讨老龄化对汉语因果复句加工的影响。实验结果显示,与年轻人相比,老年人在判断因果复句的合理性时,反应时更长,正确率更低。在加工因果违反句的关键词时,老年人未出现显著的n400成分,但出现了全脑范围的晚期正波,而年... 详细信息

本文运用ERP技术探讨老龄化对汉语因果复句加工的影响。实验结果显示,与年轻人相比,老年人在判断因果复句的合理性时,反应时更长,正确率更低。在加工因果违反句的关键词时,老年人未出现显著的n400成分,但出现了全脑范围的晚期正波,而年轻人只在大脑左侧出现了n400成分。这表明老年人对汉语因果复句的理解能力出现了退化,本文认为这是由于老年人在加工因果复句时,加工效率下降,无法有效利用语境对词汇进行即时的预测加工,因此在关键词与语境信息不一致时,老年人未出现明显的n400效应,需要在后期进行再分析加工,从而产生了晚期正波效应。

关键词：因果复句 n400 晚期正波 ERP技术

基于计量统计的汉语作为第二语言国内外ERP研究综论

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现代语言学 2024年第4期12卷 579-592页

作者：焦慧鲁东大学文学院山东烟台

近年来,ERP脑电技术被广泛应用于语言研究,国内外第二语言研究领域充分利用此技术,将语言学与认知心理学、精神电生理学相结合,探索人类大脑语言生成的机制,取得了丰硕的成果。笔者以知网和Web of Science为域,全面梳理、分析近年国内外... 详细信息

近年来,ERP脑电技术被广泛应用于语言研究,国内外第二语言研究领域充分利用此技术,将语言学与认知心理学、精神电生理学相结合,探索人类大脑语言生成的机制,取得了丰硕的成果。笔者以知网和Web of Science为域,全面梳理、分析近年国内外ERP应用于汉语作为第二语言研究的相关文献。研究发现:1) 研究文献总量偏少,发文量在2021年达到顶峰,后呈下降趋势;2) 研究分域包括语音、词汇、句法、语义、汉字5个方面,总体考察词汇研究最多,句法、语义次之,汉字最少,国内外研究表现为重点分域不一致;3) 研究被试以英语母语汉语学习者为主,大学生和高水平汉语学习者受到更多关注;4) 研究范式呈多样性,其中国内以启动范式为主,国外以oddball范式为主,此外违例范式和视觉搜索范式使用频率也相对较高;5) 脑电成分n400在目前已有研究中最受关注,其他成分受主题影响各有侧重。6) 现有研究不足主要表现为:分域研究广度不够,且内部分散,不成体系;研究对象覆盖不足,被试类型集中及理论研究薄弱,研究方法较为单一。针对不足,提出扩大研究范围,完善研究体系;精选实验被试,扩展研究对象和扩充研究样本,创新研究方法等建议,以期对未来ERP应用于汉语作为第二语言研究领域的发展有所帮助。

关键词： ERP实验汉语作为第二语言双语者 n400

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2023年第2期28卷 283-291页

作者： Yanfei Lin Zhiqiang Lu Ziwei Zhao Xi Luo Rongxiao Guo Xiaorong Gao School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100084China School of Medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100081China

For this research,electroencephalography(EEG)was analyzed to investigate the perception ability of the brain for moving objects at different speeds.In this experiment,total six kinds of videos regarding license plates were created,moving at distinct speed of 0.26 m/s,0.36 m/s,0.46 m/s,0.56 m/s,0.66 m/s,and 0.76 m/s,respectively.In the semantic priming paradigm,the n400 effect was analyzed for each speed.The ERP results demonstrated that the n400 amplitude gradually reduced with increasing speed.At the three lower speeds,n400 was evoked evidently and mainly distributed in the centro-posterior region.At the three higher speeds,no significant n400 effect was found.The results concluded that the perception ability of the brain declined with the acceleration of the object’s moving speed and that the brain recognized the detailed information of the moving object when its speed was lower than 0.46 m/s.

关键词： electroencephalography(EEG) n400 perception ability moving object

The Electrophysiology of Semantic Processing in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder:A Meta-Analysis

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第10期25卷 1067-1079页

作者： Danfeng Yuan Xiangyun Yang Lijuan Yang Zhanjiang Li The national Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder&Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Language difficulties vary widely among people with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).However,the semantic processing of autistic person and its underlying electrophysiological mechanism are still unclear.This meta-analysis aimed to explore the disturbance of semantic processing in patients with ASD.PubMed,Web of Science,and Embase were searched for eventrelated potential(ERP)studies on semantic processing in autistic people published in English before September 01,2022.Pooled estimates were calculated by fixed-effects or random-effects models according to the heterogeneity using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0.The potential moderators were explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis.This meta-analysis has been registered at the Prospero International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(no.CRD 42021265852).A total of 14 articles and 18 studies,including 254 autistic people and 262 neurodevelopmental people were included in this meta-analysis.Compared to the comparison group,autistic people showed an overall reduced n400 amplitude(Hedges’g=0.350,pn response to linguistic stimuli instead of non-linguistic stimuli.The n400 amplitude was affected by verbal intelligence and gender.The reduced overall n400 amplitude in autistic people under linguistic stimuli suggests a linguistic-specific deficit in semantic processing in individuals of autism.The decrease of n400 amplitude might be a promising indication of the pool language capacity of autism.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder n400 P600 semantic event-related potential meta-analysis

n400 elicited by incongruent ending words of Chinese idioms in healthy adults

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第6期123卷 686-689页

作者： CHEn Xing-shi TAnG Yun-xiang XIAO Ze-ping WAnG Ji-jun ZHAnG Ming-dao ZHAnG Zai-fu HU Zhen-yu LOU Fei-ying CHEn Chong ZHAnG Tian-hong Department of Electrophysiology Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of Psychology Faculty of Health ServiceSecond Military Medical University of People's Liberation ArmyShanghai 200433China Department of Psychiatry Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of Electronic Ephalography Source Imaging Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of Psychiatry Second Hospital of Jinhua CityJinhuaZhejiang 321016China Department of Psychiatry Ningbo Kangning HospitalNingboZhejiang 315201China

Background Prior research about n400 has been mainly based on English stimuli,while the cognitive.processing of Chinese characters is still unclear.The aim of the present study was to further investigate the semantic processing of Chinese idioms.Methods Event related potentials （ERP） component n400 was elicited by 38 pairs of matching （congruent） and mismatching （incongruent） ended Chinese idioms：ending words with same phoneme but different shape and meaning （sPdSdM）,with similar shape but different phoneme and meaning（sSdPdM）,with same meaning but different phoneme and shape（sMdPdS）,and words with different phoneme,shape and meaning（dPdSdM）and recorded by Guangzhou Runjie WJ-1 ERP instruments.In 62 right-handed healthy adults（age 19-50 years）,n400 amplitudes and latencies were compared between matching and mismatching conditions at Fz,Cz and Pz.Results n400 showed a midline distribution and could be elicited in electrodes Fz, Cz and Pz.The mean values of n400 latencies and amplitudes were obtained for matching and mismatching ending werds in healthy adults.Significant differences were found in n400 latencies and amplitudes in matching and mismatching ending-werds idioms in healthy adults（P〈0.05）.Compared with matching ending-werds jdioms, n400 latencies were prolonged and the amplitudes were increased in mismatching ones.n400s elicited by different types of stimuli showed different latencies and amplitudes.and longest n400 latency and largest n400 amplitude were elicited by ending-werds with dPdSdM.no gender difference was found of n400 latency and amplitude in this study （P〉0.05）.Conclusions Compared with English stimuli.Chinese ideographic words could provide more flexible stimuli for n400 research in that the werds have 3-dimension changes-phoneme.shape and meaning.Features of n400 elicited by matching and mismatching ending words in Chinese idioms are mainly determined by the meaning of the werd.Some issues of n400 elicited by Chinese characters deserve further research.

关键词： healthy adult n400 ending words Chinese idioms

Effects of Risperidone and Paliperidone on Brain-Derived neurotrophic Factor and n400 in First-Episode Schizophrenia

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第19期131卷 2297-2301页

作者： Rong-Qin Wu Chong-Guang Lin Wei Zhang Xiao-Dong Lin Xing-Shi Chen Ce Chen Li-Jun Zhang Zi-Ye Huang Guang-Dong Chen Da-Li Xu Zhi-Guang Lin Ming-Dao Zhang Department of Psychiatry Shanghai Jingan Mental Health Center Shanghai 200436 China Department of Psychiatry Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou Zhejiang 325005 China Department of Electrophysiology Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 China

Background：Risperidone and paliperidone have been the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia and their potential role in neuroprotection could be associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDnF） and n400 （an event-related brain potential component）.So far,different effects on both BDnF and n400 were reported in relation to various antipsychotic treatments.However,few studies have been conducted on the mechanism ofrisperidone and paliperidone on BDnF and n400.This study aimed to compare the effects ofrisperidone and paliperidone on BDnF and the n400 component of the event-related brain potential in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods：ninety-eight patients with first-episode schizophrenia were randomly divided into the risperidone and paliperidone groups and treated with risperidone and paliperidone,respectively,for 12 weeks.Serum BDnF level,the latency,and amplitude of the n400 event-related potential before and after the treatment and Positive and negative Syndrome Scale （PAnSS） scores were compared between the two groups.Results：A total of 94 patients were included in the final analysis （47 patients in each group）.After the treatment,the serum BDnF levels in both groups increased （all P 〈 0.01）,while no significant difference in serum BDnF level was found between the groups before and after the treatment （all P 〉 0.05）.After the treatment,n400 amplitudes were increased （from 4.73 ± 2.86 μv and 4.51 ± 4.63 μv to 5.35 ± 4.18 μv and 5.52 ± 3.08 μv,respectively） under congruent condition in both risperidone and paliperidone groups （all P 〈 0.01）.Under incongruent conditions,the n400 latencies were shortened in the paliperidone group （from 424.13 ± 110.42 ms to 4.7.41 ± 154.59 ms,P 〈 0.05）,and the n400 amplitudes were increased in the risperidone group （from 5.80 ± 3.50 μv to 7.17 ± 5.51 μv,P 〈 0.01）.After treatment,the total PAnSS score in both groups decreased significantly （all P 〈 0.01）,but the difference between the groups was not significant （P 〉 0.05）.A negative correlation between the redu

关键词： Brain-Derived neurotrophic Factor Cognitive Function Event-Related Potentials n400 Schizophrenia

neurocognitive Correlates of Statistical Learning of Orthographic-Semantic Connections in Chinese Adult Learners

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neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第8期36卷 895-906页

作者： Xiuhong Tong Yi Wang Shelley Xiuli Tong Department of Psychology The Education University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Psychological Sciences Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310000China Human Communication Developmentand Information SciencesFaculty of EducationThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

We examined the neural correlates of the statistical learning of orthographic-semantic connections in Chinese adult learners.Visual event-related potentials(ERPs) were recorded while participants were exposed to a sequence of artificial logographic characters containing semantic radicals carrying low,moderate,or high levels of semantic consistency.The behavioral results showed that the mean accuracy of participants’ recognition of previously exposed characters was 63.1% that was significantly above chance level(50%),indicating the statistical learning of the regularities of semantic radicals.The ERP data revealed a temporal sequence of the neural process of statistical learning of orthographic-semantic connections,and different brain indexes were found to be associated with this processing,i.e.,a clear n170-P200-n400 pattern.For n170,the larger negative amplitudes were evoked by the high and moderate consistency than the low consistency.For P200,the mean amplitudes elicited by the moderate and low consistency were larger than the high consistency.In contrast,a larger n400 amplitude was observed in the low than moderate and high consistency;and more negative amplitude was elicited by the moderate than high consistency.We propose that the initial potential shifts(n170 and P200) may reflect orthographic or graphic form identification,while the later component(n400) may be associated with semantic information analysis.

关键词： Orthography-semantic connection Statistical learning n170 P200 n400

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment on Event-Related Potentials in Schizophrenia

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第3期131卷 301-306页

作者： Xiao-Dong Lin Xing-Shi Chen Ce Chen Li-Jun Zhang Zuo-Liang Xie Zi-Ye Huang Guang-Dong Chen Wan-Tao Ding Zhi-Guang Lin Ming-Dao Zhang Chong Chen Rong-Qin Wu Department of Psychiatry Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou Zhejiang 325005 China Department of Electrophysiology Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 China Department of Function Shanghai Jing'an District Mental Health Center Shanghai 200030 China

Background：Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） and event-related potentials （ERPs） are a noninvasive technique that widely used in neurophysiological field.Although rTMS has shown clinical utility for a number of neurological conditions,Recently,there was little understanding of the the efficacy ofrYMS on Schizophrenia（SZ） and the change of ERP between before and after rTMS treatment.The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of n400,mismatch negativity （MMn）,and P300 before and after treatment with rTMS in SZ.Methods：One hundred and twenty-seven SZ patients hospitalized in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2015 to July 2017,divided into two groups （85 patients were recruited as rTMS group and 42 were recruited as sham rTMS [ShrTMS] group） and 76 normal controls （nCs） who were the staff and refresher staff in our hospital were recruited at the same time.A Chinese-made rTMS and a Runjie W J-1 ERPs instrument were used in the present experiment.n400 was elicited by congruent and noncongruent Chinese idioms.After rTMS treatment,n400,P300,and MMn characteristics were compared with those before treatment and nC group.Results：Compared with nC,the SZ patients exhibited delays in n400,P300,and MMn latency and decreased n400,P300,and MMn amplitudes in their frontal area （P 〈 0.05）.After 25 rTMS treatments,n400 amplitudes in the frontal area （elicited by idioms with same phonic and different shape and meaning and with different phonic,shape,and meaning） were increased in the SZ patients （P 〈 0.05）.However,there was no significant change in n400 before and after treatment with ShrTMS in SZ patients （P 〉 0.05）.Amplitudes for MMn and target P300 also increased in SZ patients after rTMS treatment （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：Based on our preliminary findings,we believe that the combined usage of n400,MMn,and P300 could be a valuable index and an electrophysiological reference in evaluating the effects ofrTMS treatment in SZ patients.

关键词： Frontal Area Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Mismatch negativity n400 P300 Schizophrenia