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Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid on yield-scale nitrous oxide emission in maize fields under hot climatic conditions

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 323-331页

作者： Khadim DAWAR Kamil SARDAR Mohammad ZAMAn Christoph MÜLLER Alberto SAnZ-COBEnA Aamir KHAn Azam BORZOUEI Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO Department of Soil and Environmental Science University of Agriculture PeshawarPeshawa 25000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management&Crop nutrition Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food&AgricultureP.O.Box 100Vienna A-1400(Austria) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26Giessen D-35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldD04 V1W8(Ireland) Management of Environment and Agricultural Risks(CEIGRAM) ETSIAABUniversidad Poliécnica de MadridMadrid 28040(Spain) Agricultural Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research InstituteP.O.Box 31465/1498Karaj(Iran) Environmental Pollution Research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica)

nitrification inhibitors are widely used in agriculture to mitigate nitrous oxide(n_(2)O)emission and increase crop ***,no concrete information on their mitigation of n_(2)O emission is available under soil and environmental conditions as in Pakistan.A field experiment was established using a silt clay loam soil from Peshawar,Pakistan,to study the effect of urea applied in combination with a nitrification inhibitor,nitrapyrin(2-chloro-6-tri-chloromethyl pyridine),and/or a plant growth regulator,gibberellic acid(GA_3),on n_(2)O emission and the nitrogen(n)uptake efficiency of *** experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments in four replicates:control with no n(CK),urea(200 kg n ha^(-1))alone,urea in combination with nitrapyrin(700 g ha^(-1)),urea in combination with GA_3(60 g ha^(-1)),and urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_*** n_(2)O emission,yield,n response efficiency,and total n uptake were measured during the experimental *** treatment with urea and nitrapyrin reduced total n_(2)O emission by 39%–43%and decreased yield-scaled n_(2)O emission by 47%–52%,relative to the treatment with urea *** maize plant biomass,grain yield,and total n uptake increased significantly by 23%,17%,and 15%,respectively,in the treatment with urea and nitrapyrin,relative to the treatment with urea alone,which was possibly due to n saving,lower n loss,and increased n uptake in the form of ammonium;they were further enhanced in the treatment with urea,nitrapyrin,and GA_3 by 27%,36%,and 25%,respectively,probably because of the stimulating effect of GA_3 on plant growth and development and the reduction in biotic and abiotic *** results suggest that applying urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3 has the potential to mitigate n_(2)O emission,improve n response efficiency,and increase maize yield.

关键词： fertilizer use efficiency greenhouse gas emission mitigation n response efficiency n uptake efficiency n_(2)O flux plant growth hormone urea

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nitrogen Use efficiency of Rice Under Cadmium Contamination:Influence of Rice Cultivar Versus Soil Type

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Pedosphere 2017年第6期27卷 1092-1104页

作者： ZHOU Yanli SUn Bo State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

There is a need for rice cultivars with high yields and nitrogen(n) use efficiency(nUE), but with low cadmium(Cd) accumulation in Cd-contaminated paddy *** determine the relative effects of rice genotype, soil type, and Cd addition on rice grain yield and nUE, a pot experiment consisting of nine rice cultivars was conducted in two types of paddy soils, red soil(RS) and yellow soil(YS),without or with Cd spiked at 0.6 mg kg^(-1).The n supply was from both soil organic n pools and n fertilizers; thus, nUE was defined as the grain yield per unit of total crop-available n in the *** addition decreased grain yield and nUE in most rice cultivars,which was mainly related to reduced n uptake efficiency(npUE, defined as the percentage of n taken up by the crop per unit of soil available n).However, Cd addition enhanced n assimilation efficiency(ntUE, defined as the grain yield per unit of n taken up by the crop) by 21.9% on average in all rice *** npUE was mainly affected by soil type, whereas ntUE was affected by rice *** cultivars had higher nUEs than the japonica and indica cultivars because of their greater biomass and higher tolerance to Cd *** of nUE after Cd addition was stronger in RS than in YS, which was related to the lower absorption capacity for Cd in *** correspondence analysis-based variation partitioning showed that cultivar type had the largest effect(34.4%) on nUE, followed by Cd addition(15.2%) and soil type(10.0%).

关键词： crop-available n grain yield n uptake efficiency n assimilation efficiency soil available n

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