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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 643-654页

作者： Vadim Yu. Kryukov Natalia A. Kryukova Maksim V. Tyurin Olga N. Yaroslavtseva Viktor V. Glupov Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk Russia

Females of the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor attack and envenomate numerous host individuals during oviposition. The vectoring of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana during the adhesion stage by ectoparasitoid females among the wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella was explored under laboratory conditions. Vectoring occurred both from infected parasitoids to wax moth larvae and from infected to healthy wax moth larvae by parasitoids. The efficacy of vectoring in both cases was dose dependent. Parasitoid females were unable to recognize infected larvae in a labyrinth test. In addition, the presence of H. hebetor females significantly （1.5-13 fold） increased the mycoses level in clusters of G. mellonella, with 40% of the larvae infected with ftmgal conidia. Envenomation by H. hebetor increased conidia germination on the cuticles of the wax moth larvae by 4.4 fold. An enhanced germination rate （2 fold） was registered in the n- hexane epicuticular extract of envenomated larvae compared to that of healthy larvae. Both envenomation and mycoses enhanced the phenoloxidase （PO） activity in the integument of G. mellonella and, in contrast, decreased the encapsulation rate in hemolymphs. We hypothesize that changes in the integument property and inhibition of cellular immunity provide the highest infection efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi with H. hebetor.

关键词： Galleria mellonella immunity integuments mycoses parasitoid vectoring

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of hepatic fungal infection

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第2期7卷 169-173页

作者： Yang, Jia-Jia Lin, Li-Wu Lin, Zheng-Hu Xue, En-Sheng Gao, Shang-Da He, Yi-Mi Fujian Med Univ Dept Ultrasound Union Hosp Fuzhou 350001 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Hepatic fungal infection is difficult to diagnose early because of the lack of related clinical knowledge. In this study, we analyzed the ultrasonic manifestations of hepatic fungal infection, in order to determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonography. METHODS: In 8 patients with hepatic fungal infection, the results of color Doppler flow images (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) were compared with those of ultrasound-guided biopsy. RESULTS: In the 8 patients with pathologically proven hepatic fungal infection, 5 showed multiple hypoechoic lesions with unequal sizes in the liver, commonly less than 2 cm in diameter. Some of the hypoechoic lesions showed a hyperechoic strip in the periphery, while a minority showed a 'bull's eye' pattern, which is considered a typical manifestation of metastatic hepatic carcinoma. Solitary lesions in the right lobe of the liver were found in the other 3 patients. No blood flow signals were found in any lesions with CDFI. In the lesions a 'filling defect' pattern was shown by CEUS, indicating no enhancement in the arterial phase, the portal vein phase and the delayed phase, except for 3 patients, in whom the lesions were slightly enhanced in the periphery during the early arterial phase. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic fungal infection is characterized by an ultrasonic manifestation of multiple hypoechoic lesions with inequal size. A small number of lesions may show a characteristic 'bull's eye' appearance. Moreover, a 'filling defect' pattern on CEUS is helpful to make a correct diagnosis. In addition, ultrasound-guided biopsy is an important method for accurate diagnosis of hepatic fungal infection.

关键词： ultrasonography liver diseases mycoses

Poplar Extrafloral Nectar Is Protected against Plant and Human Pathogenic Fungus

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1157-1159页

作者： María Escalante-Pérez Mario Jaborsky Jorg Reinders Oliver Kurzai Rainer Hedrich Peter Ache University Würzburg BiozentrumJulius-von-Sachs-Institut für BiowissenschaftenJulius-von-Sachs-Platz 2D-97082 WürzburgGermany University Regensburg Institute of Functional GenomicsJosef-Engert-Strasse 9D-93053 RegensburgGermany Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Septomics Research CentreBeutenbergstr.11aD-07745 JenaGermany

Dear Editor, Plants secrete nectar to attract mutualistic animals, which predominantly function as pollinators, as in the case of flo- ral nectar, or defenders against herbivores, as in the case of extrafloral nectar （Nicolson et al., 2007）. Because nectars usu- ally represent aqueous solutions containing sugars and other nutrient metabolites （Baker and Baker, 1983）, they are sus- ceptible to infestation by microbial organisms, which can use the nectar-secreting tissues as entry sites to infect the plant. Nectar-secreting tissues thus require an efficient shield against pathogen infections. To date, our knowledge about the way that plants protect their nectar from microorganisms is rather limited. Several reports have focused on ＇defensive chemicals＇,

关键词： LETTERS to the editor NECTAR mycoses

Non habitual microscopic forms of Histoplasma capsulatum in disseminated disease

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2008年第2期1卷 28-30页

作者： Bava AJ Garro S Troncoso A University of La Plata Argentina Department of Infectious Diseases "Francisco J.Mutiiz" HospitalBuenos AiresArgentina School of Medicine University of Buenos AiresArgentina

This paper communicates the presence of aberrant microscopic forms of Histoplasma capsulatum in a sample obtained by scrapping of the skin lesion and stained with a rapid modification of the Grocott *** AIDS patient was treated with cream contained corticoids and antifungal and antibacterial antibiotics by an erroneous *** the etiologic diagnosis was achieved,oral itraconazol was administrated at the daily dose of 400 mg during at least six *** non habitual forms described in the literature as " aberrant variants", can be interpreted as an "adaptive phenomenon" of this termodimorphic fungal specie,as response of the ecologic alterations produced by antibiotic on the local antagonic bacterial microbiota,the deleterous activity of antifungal on the fungal cells and the local inmunodepression produced by the corticoids.

关键词： aberrant Histoplasma capsulatum AIDS associated histoplasmosis Endemic mycoses and AIDS

Diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection after liver transplantation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第7期124卷 1015-1017页

作者： SHI Xian-jie LU Shao-cheng HE Lei LU Fang LIANG Yu-rong LUO Ying JI Wen-bin ZHAO Zhi-ming Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery People's Liberation ArmyGeneral Hospital Beijing 100853 China

Background Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases; however, infections after transplantation can seriously affect the patient＇s health. The aim of this research was to inve... 详细信息

关键词： liver transplantation mycoses diagnosis therap fungal infection

Clinical blood routine and bone marrow smear manifestations of disseminated penicilliosis marneffei

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Chinese Medical Journal 2002年第12期115卷 1892-1894,157页

作者：莫武宁邓卓霖李山广西医科大学第一附属医院中心实验室南宁530021 广西医科大学第一附属医院病理科南宁530021

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the manifestation of clinical, blood routine and bone marrow smear of disseminated penicilliosis marneffei. METHODS: There were 13 cases of penicilliosis marneffei whose peripheral blood had been drawn for routine tests, as well as blood and bone marrow aspiration for smears. Wright's-Giemsa stain, Gomori's methenamine-silver stain (GMS) and periodic acid Schiff's reaction (PAS) were performed for light microscopy in consultation with pathologic diagnosis and fungi culture for precise diagnosis. RESULTS: Seven cases of bone marrow and 2 peripheral blood smears were found positive for penicillium marneffei in the test group. The morphology of penicillium marneffei was extremely similar to that of histoplasma capsulatum. However, the observation of sausage cells and central cross wall, which are signs of dividing by fission and not by budding, aided in differential diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow smear or occasional blood smear examination play an important role in the diagnosis of disseminated penicilliosis marneffei.

关键词： Bone Marrow Examination Penicillium Adolescent Adult Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Male Middle Aged mycoses

Distribution and Prevalence of Dermatophytes in Semi-Arid Region of India

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第2期5卷 93-106页

作者： Vishnu Sharma Tarun Kumar Kumawat Anima Sharma Ruchi Seth Subhash Chandra Department of Biotechnology JECRC University Jaipur India Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University Kota India

Earth has been documented as a natural territory for fungi which cover individual kingdom with evolution. In subsequently vertebrates developed keratin which was a part of life as a structural aspect. Few moulds have skilled to digest keratin and crop up from soil and wastewater habitats. They take part as a keratinolytic agent in the purification of α-keratins with an incidence of disulphide and hydrogen bonds which are improperly biodegradable. The best moulds genera to decay of keratin are Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The presences of these genera are open health issues in developing countries where they cause the mortal mycotic contagion. The reason behind this is perceived to be the poor hygienic environment and socioeconomic behaviour among people. The present review is a compilation of updated information concerning the nature of these keratinolytic moulds and abundances of most contributed developing countries including India.

关键词： Moulds Keratinophytes Dermatophytes Keratinase mycoses

Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils against Common Hospital Fungi Species

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第10期4卷 801-807页

作者： Maria Dolores Masia Silvia Deidda Grazia Maria Deriu Bianca Maria Are Mario Chessa Giacomo Petretto Marzia Foddai Giorgio Maida Giorgio Pintore Andrea Piana Department of Biomedical Sciences Hygiene and Preventive Medicine University of Sassari Sassari Italy Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari Sassari Italy

Introduction: In hospitals and other healthcare settings the presence of airborne and sedimented fungi is an extrinsic risk factor for opportunistic infections involving both immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised persons. In hospitalized patients, it is estimated that 9% of hospital-acquired infections are caused by fungi. Lethality rate varies from 40% to 100% depending on the immunosuppression degree of stakeholders. To prevent healthcare-associated infections, the control of environmental fungal contamination through use of sanitizing/disinfecting practices is basic. However, the widespread use of common disinfectants could promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant superbugs and cause environmental harm. These aspects stimulated the search of new antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Mentha insularis Req., Mentha pulegium L., Mentha requienii Bentham, Artemisia caerulescens L. ssp. densiflora (Viv), Rosmarinus officinalis L. var. albiflorus, Rosmarinus officinalis L. var. lavandulescens, and Ocotea puchury major Mart. against fungi species frequently found in hospitals and potentially responsible for opportunistic mycoses. Methods: The essential oils’ antifungal activity was carried out by agar disc diffusion technique. Results: All tested essential oils are effective, though to a different degree, against both molds that yeasts assessed. The major antifungal activity was showed by Mentha oils. Particularly, Mentha requienii and Mentha insularis oils were active until 1:8 dilution against Rhodotorula spp. and 1:16 dilution against mixed molds, while M. pulegium was strongly active until 1:2 against both fungi. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, few or no data are available in literature on the activity of essential oils against hospital environmental isolates of fungi. Results suggest their potential application in sanitation procedures of the hospital, and in general, of the “ca

关键词： Hospital Environment Opportunistic mycoses Essential Oils Antifungal Activity

Overview on the Fungal Metabolites Involved in Mycopathy

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第1期4卷 38-63页

作者： Abdulkawi Ali Al-Fakih Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Science Ibb University Ibb Yemen

This review presents several types of metabolites produced by the most common fungal pathogens and their roles in fungal pathogenesis. Toxic metabolites from toxigenic fungi include compounds such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone and ergot alkaloids, which display hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity. The ability of fungi to produce and elaborate hydrolytic enzymes is associated with virulence of several pathogenic fungi. The biogenesis of siderophores is investigated as it is a mechanism of iron acquisition. In particular, these metabolites act as iron chelators and storage compounds to support pathogenic fungi to survive in mammalian hosts whose iron homeostasis is strictly regulated and prevent the formation of free radicals which are formed by free iron. Melanins clearly promote infectivity in a number of species of fungal pathogens. They interfere with oxidative metabolism of phagocytosis making the fungus relatively resistant to phagocyte attack. Several metabolies such as pullulan, mannitol, β-(1,3)-glucan, hem-binding proteins, estrogen-binding proteins, farnesol, agglutinin-like sequence proteins, glucuronoxylomannan and others also have advantages in fungal pathogenicity. The identification of fungal metabolites involved in pathogenesis, and recognition of mechanisms of pathogenesis may lead to development of new efficient anti-fungal therapies.

关键词： Fungal Metabolites Pathogenesis Mycotoxicoses mycoses