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Natural Colonization of Rice by Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi in Different Production Areas

Rice science 2018年第3期25卷 169-174页

作者： Lina BERNAOLA Grace CANGE Michael O.WAY Jeffrey GORE Jarrod HARDKE Michael STOUT Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisiana 70803United States of America Texas A&M Agri Life Research and Extension Center BeaumontTexas 77713United States of America Delta Research and Extension Center Mississippi State UniversityStonevilleMississippi 38776United States of America Department of Crop Soil&Environmental ScienceRice Research and Extension CenterUniversity of ArkansasStuttgartArkansas 72160United States of America

Interactions between plants and soil microorganisms can influence the other interactions in which plants participate, including interactions with herbivores. Many fungi, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF), form symbiotic relationships with the roots they inhabit, and potentially alter defense against pests. The objective of this study was to document the extent of root colonization by AMF on non-flooded rice plants grown under conditions typical of commercial fields. We hypothesized that AMF naturally colonized rice plants in different rice producing field locations. Rice plant samples were collected from areas across the southern United States, including Texas, Mississippi, Arkansas and two research stations in Louisiana. We quantified the amount of AMF colonization in insecticide-free rice plants over three consecutive years(2014–2016). The results revealed natural colonization of AMF in all rice producing areas. In all the three years of survey, rice-AMF associations were the greatest in Arkansas followed by Mississippi and Texas. This research will help draw attention to natural colonization of AMF in rice producing areas that can impact future rice research and production by facilitating agricultural exploitation of the symbiosis.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus rice root colonization soil quality agriculture

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A LysM Receptor Heteromer Mediates Perception of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Symbiotic Signal in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2019年第12期12卷 1561-1576页

作者： Jiangman He Chi Zhang Huiling Dai Huan Liu Xiaowei Zhang Jun Yang Xi Chen Yayun Zhu Dapeng Wang Xiaofeng Qi Weichao Li Zhihui Wang Guoyong An Nan YU Zuhua He Yong-Fei Wang Youli Xiao Peng Zhang Ertao Wang National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China College of Life and Environment Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology Henan ProvinceInstitute of Plant Stress BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyDepartment of BiologyHenan UniversityKaifeng 475001China

Symbiotic microorganisms improve nutrient uptake by *** initiate mutualistic symbiosis with arbus-cular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi,plants perceive Myc factors,including lipochitooligosaccharides(LCOs)and short-chain chitooligosaccharides(CO4/CO5),secreted by AM ***,the molecular mechanism of Myc factor perception remains *** this study,we identified a heteromer of LysM receptor-like kinases consisting of OsMYR1/OsLYK2 and OsCERK1 that mediates the perception of AM fungi in ***4 directly binds to OsMYR1,promoting the dimerization and phosphorylation of this receptor *** with control plants,Osmyr1 and Oscerk1 mutant rice plants are less sensitive to Myc factors and show decreased AM *** engineered transgenic rice by expressing chimeric receptors that respectively replaced the ectodomains of OsMYR1 and OsCERK1 with those from the homologous Nod factor receptors MtNFP and MtL YK3 of Medicago *** plants displayed increased cal-cium oscillations in response to Nod factors compared with control *** study provides significant mechanistic insights into AM symbiotic signal perception in *** of chimeric Nod/Myc recep-tors achieves a potentially important step toward generating cereals that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

关键词： rice arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis Myc factors Nod factors LysM receptor-like kinases

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate the chemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil in reclaimed mining subsidence in northwestern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 135-147页

作者： QIU Lang BI Yinli JIANG Bin WANG Zhigang ZHANG Yanxu Yryszhan ZHAKYPBEK State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Satbayev University

In semi-arid region of northwestern China, underground mining subsidence often results in decreased vegetation coverage, impoverishment of soil fertility and water stress. In addition, the physical-chemical and biological properties of soil also change, resulting in more susceptible to degradation. In particular, subsidence causes disturbance of the symbioses of plant and microbe that can play a beneficial role in the establishment of vegetation communities in degraded ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of revegetation with exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) inoculum on the chemical and biological properties of soil over time in mining subsidence areas. Soils were sampled at a depth up to 30 cm in the adjacent rhizosphere of Amorpha fruticose Linn. from five reclaimed vegetation communities in northwestern China. In August 2015, a field trial was set up with five historical revegetation experiments established in 2008(7-year), 2011(4-year), 2012(3-year), 2013(2-year) and 2014(1-year), respectively. Each reclamation experiment included two treatments, i.e., revegetation with exotic AMF inoculum(AMF) and non-AMF inoculum(the control). Root mycorrhizal colonization, glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP), soil organic carbon(SOC), soil nutrients, and enzyme activities were also assessed. The results showed that mycorrhizal colonization of inoculated plants increased by 33.3%–163.0% compared to that of non-inoculated plants(P<0.05). Revegetation with exotic AMF inoculum also significantly improved total GRSR(T-GRSP) and easily extracted GRSP(EE-GRSP) concentrations compared to control, besides the T-GRSP in 1-year experiment and the EE-GRSP in 2-year experiment. A significant increase in SOC content was only observed in 7-year AMF reclaimed soils compared to non-AMF reclaimed soils. Soil total N(TN), Olsen phosphorus(P) and available potassium(K) were significantly higher in inoculated soil after 1–7 years of reclamation(except for in

关键词： revegetation mycorrhizal colonization glomalin-related soil proteins arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi coal mining Amorpha fruticose

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The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Rosa acicularis ’Luhe’ in saline areas

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1507-1512页

作者： Yanrong Zu Yuan Ping Liqiang Mu Tiantian Yang College of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People's Republic of China College of Life Sciences Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080People's Republic of China SFA Detecting Center of Wildlife Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People's Republic of China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)in the soil encompass a diversity of species and play an important role in maintaining ecosystem ***,little research has focused on the AMF diversity of Rosa acicularis Lindl.’Luhe’,which has been cultivated in northeastern saline areas,because of its strong salt tolerance and cold *** the present study the AMF in the rhizosphere of *** Luhe were identified and AMF diversity and community composition were assessed using morphological and molecular ***,hyphae,and arbuscular structures were observed in seedlings of different *** shows that AMF established a good symbiotic relationship with *** *** colonization rate and spore density tended to increase over *** AMF diversity in the rhizosphere of *** Luhe was low and four species of AMF were validated:Rhizophagus irregularis,Glomus aggregatum,Septoglomus furcatum,and Funneliformis *** these,*** and *** were dominant and have high salt *** the AMF diversity in the rhizosphere of *** Luhe will aid in screening AMF species with strong resistance and using mycorrhizas for plant establishment in breeding programs.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rosa acicularis’Luhe’ Saline soil

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Humus-Rich Compost Increases Lettuce Growth, Nutrient Uptake, mycorrhizal Colonisation, and Soil Fertility

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Pedosphere 2019年第2期29卷 170-179页

作者： Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Hongjun YANG Deb ARCHDEACON Orna TIPPETT Michaela TIBI Andrew S.WHITELEY SoilsWest UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture Faculty of Science The University of Western Australia College of Resources and Environment Southwest University C-Wise

Sandy soils, typical of Australia's west, either have little or no habitat protection for microbes including arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi, which are essential for nutrient cycling. To minimize this problem, the application of organic matter, such as humus-rich composts, is necessary during vegetable crop production. This study aimed at determining the effects of humus-rich composts on either indigenous or inoculated AM fungal colonisation in roots, lettuce(Lactuca sativa L. var. Quechua) growth, and soil fertility improvement. Four different humus-rich composts with varying humus contents were applied at the same standard rate to lettuce grown under glasshouse conditions for 10 weeks after sowing and compared with two low-humus composts and non-amended soil(control). Humus-rich composts significantly increased lettuce shoot growth, root growth, and AM fungal colonisation in roots. Humus contents in the composts were also correlated with lettuce shoot and root growth. Soil dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and fertility were increased with the application of humus-rich composts. These humus-rich composts, especially the compost of higher humic acid with and without AM inoculation, might have a significant role in sustainable vegetable production, for example lettuce growth. Overall, the results indicate that supplementation with humus-rich compost is highly beneficial to enhance soil fertility and potentially maintain the sustainability of vegetable production.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi humus nitrogen phosphorus vegetable production

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with exogenous calcium improves the growth of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)seedlings under continuous cropping

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第2期18卷 407-416页

作者： CUI Li GUO Feng ZHANG Jia-lei YANG Sha MENG Jing-jing GENG Yun WANG Quan LI Xin-guo WAN Shu-bo Biotechnology Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong ProvinceJinan 250100P.R.China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivatio n in East China Ministry of AgricultureJinan 250100P.R.China College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014P.R.China Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan 250100P.R.China

The growth and yield of peanut are negatively affected by continuous *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and calcium ions(Ca^(2+))have been used to improve stress resistance in other plants,but little is known about their roles in peanut seedling growth under continuous *** study investigated the possible roles of the AMF Glomus mosseae combined with exogenous Ca^(2+)in improving the physiological responses of peanut seedlings under continuous *** combined with exogenous Ca^(2+)can enhance plant biomass,Ca^(2+)level,and total chlorophyll *** exogenous Ca^(2+)application,the F_v/F_m in arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)plant leaves was higher than that in the control plants when they were exposed to high irradiance *** peroxidase,superoxide dismutase,and catalase activities in AM plant leaves also reached their maximums,and accordingly,the malondialdehyde content was the lowest compared to other ***,root activity,and content of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly increased in AM plant roots treated by Ca^(2+)compared to either *** inoculation or Ca^(2+)treatment *** levels of AhCaM,AhCDPK,AhRAM1,and AhRAM2 were significantly improved in AM plant roots under exogenous Ca^(2+)*** implied that exogenous Ca^(2+)might be involved in the regulation of *** colonization of peanut plants,and in turn,AM symbiosis might activate the Ca^(2+)signal transduction *** combination of AMF and Ca^(2+)benefitted plant growth and development under continuous cropping,suggesting that it is a promising method to cope with the stress caused by continuous cropping.

关键词： Arachis hypogaea L. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi continuous cropping exogenous calcium

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Trait complementarity between fine roots of Stipa purpurea and their associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a precipitation gradient in Tibetan alpine steppe

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第3期16卷 542-547页

作者： ZHANG Jing WANG Ping XUE Ka HAO Yan-bin WANG Yan-fen CUI Xiao-yong College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Forestry Beijing Forestry University College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Development of fine roots and formation of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi represent two strategies for plants to acquire nutrient and water from soil. Here, we elucidated how fine root development and symbolized mycorrhizal fungi with Stipa purpurea responded to the precipitation change in Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem across a precipitation gradient from 50 mm to 400 mm. As precipitation increased, the proportion of thinner fine roots(diameter mycorrhizal colonization percentage, either associated with thinner or thicker roots, decreased. This phenomenon indicated that fine root development and symbolized mycorrhizal fungi are likely alternative, and plant preferred to develop fine root rather than build a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi in more benign niches with higher precipitation. Also, root diameter was negatively correlated with specific root length(SRL), but positively correlated with AM fungal colonization percentage, indicating thicker-root species rely more on mycorrhizal fungi in alpine steppe. The complementarity between fine root and mycorrhizal fungi of S. purpurea is mediated by precipitation in Tibetan alpine steppe.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization Root diameter Trait complementarity Precipitation Stipa purpurea Alpine steppe

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Medicago AP2-Domain Transcription Factor WRI5a Is a Master Regulator of Lipid Biosynthesis and Transfer during mycorrhizal Symbiosis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第11期11卷 1344-1359页

作者： Yina Jiang Qiujin Xie Wanxiao Wang Jun Yang Xiaowei Zhang Nan Yu Yun Zhou Ertao Wang National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China School of Life Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China College of Life and Environment Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology Henan ProvinceInstitute of Plant Stress BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyDepartment of BiologyHenan UniversityKaifeng 475001China

Most land plants have evolved a mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)fungi that improve nutrient acquisition from the *** return,up to 20% of host plant photosynthate is transferred to the mycorrhizal fungus in the form of lipids and *** exchange must be regulated by both partners in order to maintain a reliable symbiotic ***,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of lipid transfer from the plantto the AM fungus remain ***,we show that the Medicago truncatula AP2/EREBP transcription factor WRI5a,and likely its two homologs WRI5b/Erfl and WRI5c,are master regulators of AM symbiosis Controlling lipid transfer and periarbuscular membrane *** found that WRI5a binds AW-box cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of *** STR,which encodes a periarbuscular membrane-localized ABC transporter required for lipid transfer from the plant to the AM fungus, and MtPT4,whichr encodes a phosphate transporter required for phosphate transfer from the AM fungus to the *** hairy roots of the *** wti5a mutant and RNAi composite plants displayed impaired arbuscule formation,whereas overexpression of WRI5a resulted in enhanced expression of STR and MtPT4,suggesting that WRI5a regulates bidirectional symbiotic nutrient ***,we found that WRI5a and RAM1(Required for Arbuscular Mycorrhization symbiosis 1),which encodes a GRASdomain transcription factor,regulate each other at the transcriptional level,forming a positive feedback loop for regulatingAM ***,our data suggest a role for WRI5a in controlling bidirectional nutrient exchange and periarbuscular membrane formation via the regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and phosphate uptake in arbuscule-containing cells.

关键词： mycorrhizal symbiosis lipid transfer transcription factor AW box

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Common mycorrhizal networks activate salicylic acid defense responses of trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第10期61卷 1099-1111页

作者： Yi-Can Zhang Ying-Ning Zou Li-Ping Liu Qiang-Sheng Wu College of Horticulture and Gardening Yangtze University Jingzhou 434025 China Institute of Root Biology Yangtze University Jingzhou 434025 China Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove 50003 Czech Republic

Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas axonopo-dis pv. citri ('Xac'), is an important quarantine disease in citrus crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic interactions with host plants and further affect their disease resistance, possibly by modulating the activity of salicylic acid (SA), a key phytohormone in disease resistance. Common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) can interconnect plants, but it is not yet clear whether CMNs promote resistance to citrus canker and, if so, whether SA signaling is involved in this process. To test this possibility, we used a two-chambered rootbox to establish CMNs between trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings in chambers inoculated (treated) or not (neighboring) with the AMF, Paraglomus occultum. A subset of the AMF-inoculated seedlings were also inoculated with Xac (+AMF+Xac). At 2 d post-inoculation (dpi), compared with the +AMF-Xac treatment, neighboring seedlings in +AMF+Xac treatment had lower expression levels of the SA biosynthetic genes, PtPAL, PtEPS1, and PtPBS3, but higher SA levels, which attributed to the upregulation of PtPAL and PtPBS3 in treated seedlings and the transfer of SA, via CMNs, to the neighboring seedlings. At 4 dpi, the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, PtPR1, PtPR4, and PtPR5, and the transcriptional regulatory factor gene, PtNPR1, were activated in neighboring seedlings of+AMF+Xac treatment. At 9 dpi, root phenylalanine ammo-nia-lyase activity and total soluble phenol and lignin concentrations increased in neighboring seedlings of+AMF+Xac treatment, likely due to the linkage and signal transfer, via CMNs. These findings support the hypothesis that CMNs transfer the SA signal from infected to neighboring healthy seedlings, to activate defense responses and affording protection to neighboring plants against citrus canker infection.

关键词： Poncirus trifoliata mycorrhizal salicylic acid defense responses

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Rapid assessment of acid phosphatase activity in the mycorrhizosphere and in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第13期45卷 1187-1191页

作者： SONG Yongchun LI Xiaolin FENG Gu ZHANG Fusuo Christie Peter Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China Agricultural and Environmental Science Department The Queen’s University of BelfastNewforge LaneBelfast BT9 5PXUK

A pot experiment has been carried out under controlled conditions to study the possibility of applying the technique of in vivo staining for acid phosphatase activity on the roots of mycorrhizal plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae. The pots had 5 compartments. The central root compartment was separated from the two adjacent hyphal compartments using nylon nets of 30 μm mesh, and the two hyphal compartments were separated from the two outermost compartments with 0.45 μm membranes. Red clover was grown in the root compartment and was either inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae or uninoculated. Sodium phytate was applied to all compartments. The results show that AMF can increase acid phosphatase activity of clover roots. The plant roots acquired deep red 'mycorrhizal prints'. The external hyphae also had obvious 'hyphal prints' on the test papers, indicating the ability of mycorrhizal hyphae to release acid phosphatase.

关键词： acid phosphatase arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae red clover.

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