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Disinfection byproducts in chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas: Role of brominated DBPs and association with mutagenicity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 253-263页

作者： Hannah K.Liberatore Eric J.Daiber Sridevi A.Ravuri Judith E.Schmid Susan D.Richardson David M.DeMarini Air Methods and Characterization Division Center for Environmental Measurement and ModelingU.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Student Services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine(Cl) or bromine(Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study(Daiber et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 6652;2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of DBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual DBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which DBPs and additional DBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. Using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 DBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Brwaters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of ClDBPs(trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-DBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing DBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-DBPs were the only DBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-DBPs in the mutagenicity of these recreational waters.

关键词： Swimming pools Hot tubs mutagenicity Disinfection byproducts Spas

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Removal effect on Mesocyclops leukarti and mutagenicity with chlorine dioxide

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第5期18卷 891-896页

作者： ZUO Jin-long CUI Fu-yi QU BO ZHU Gui-bing School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences China Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Mesocyclops leukarti of zooplankton propagates excessively in eutrophic water body and it cannot be effectively inactivated by the conventional drinking water treatment process. In order to tackle this problem, a study of removal effect on Mesocylops leukarti with chlorine dioxide in a waterworks was performed. The results showed that Mesocyclops leukarti could be effectively removed from water by 1.0 mg/L chlorine dioxide prcoxidation combined with the conventional drinking water treatment process. Higher oxidizability and molecular state of chlorine dioxide in water is the key to the inactivation of Mesocyclops leukarti. The chlorite, disinfection by-products （DBPs） of chlorine dioxide, was stable at 0.45 mg/L, which is lower than that critical value of the USEPA. GC-MS examination showed that the quantity of organic substance in the water treated by chlorine dioxide obviously decreased. Ames test further revealed that the mutagenicity was reduced by chlorine dioxide with respect to prechlorine. The propagation ofMesocyclops leukorti can be inactivated effectively and safely by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation.

关键词： chlorine dioxide disinfection by-products （DBPs） Mesocyclops leukarti preoxidation mutagenicity

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A Study of the Pesticide Fenthion: Toxicity, mutagenicity, and Influence on Tissue Enzymes

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第3期3卷 262-275页

作者： BAI CHENGLONG QIAO CIBING ZHANG WEIDONG CHEN YULI AND QU SHUXIN Department of’Toxicology.Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jing 10 RoadJinan 250001China The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical University Wen Hua Xi RoadJinan 250012China

In this paper results of acute toxicitv (oral and dermal), cumulative toxicitv, subchronic toxicitv. and conjunctiva irritation tests are reported. The mutagenic effects of fenthion. using SCE (in vivo) and UDS(in vitro) as indicators, were also tested. Histochemical changes in enzyme activities (including AChE. ATPase. and AK.P) in tissues were observed. The results showed that the acute toxicitv of fenthion belongs to highly toxic category. The highly cumulative effect of fenthion was also observed. The subchronic toxicitv test. however. did not reveal any abnormal effects except the inhibition of ChE activity in plasma. The dose and ChE activity relationship equation was V=0.82.x+4.71. The SCE and UDS tests revealed no mutagenic potential. In histochemical experiments we found that AChE activity in tissues was markediv inhibited. AKP and ATPase activities at the cortex rcnis were increased in the treated rats.(c) 1990 Academic Press. Inc.

关键词： In Toxicity and Influence on Tissue Enzymes mutagenicity

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In vitro toxicity of particulate matter emissions from residential pellet combustion

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 215-226页

作者： Estela D.Vicente Daniela Figueiredo Catia Goncalves Isabel Lopes Helena Oliveira Nora Kovats Teresa Pinheiro Celia A.Alves Department of Environment and Planning and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Centre of Natural Environmental Sciences University of PannoniaEgyetem str.108200 VeszpremHungary Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociencias Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias NuclearesInstituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais 11049-001 LisboaPortugal

Particulate matter emissions(PM10)from the combustion,in a residential stove,of two com-mercial brands of certified(ENplus A1)pellets,a non-certified brand and laboratory made pellets of acacia were tested for their ability to induce ecotoxic,cytotoxic,and mutagenic re-sponses in unicellular organisms and a human cell line.Ecotoxicity was evaluated through the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay.Moreover,cytotoxicity was assessed at two time points(24-and 48-hr)through two complementary techniques in order to evaluate the cellular metabolic activity and membrane integrity of human lung epithelial cells A549.The Ames test using two Salmonella typhimurium strains(TA100 and TA98)was employed to assess the mutagenic potential of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction extracted from the PM10 samples.Results obtained with the bioluminescent bacteria indicated that only particles from the combustion of acacia pellets were toxic.All samples induced im-pairment on the A549 cells metabolic activity,while no significant release of lactate dehy-drogenase was recorded.PM10 emissions from acacia pellets were the most cytotoxic,while samples from both certified pellets evoked significant cytotoxicity at lower doses.Cytotox-icity time-dependency was only observed for PM10 from the combustion of acacia pellets and one of the brands of certified pellets.Mutagenic activity was not detected in both S.typhi murium strains.This study emphasises the role of the raw material for pellet manu-facturing on the toxicological profile of PM emissions.Alternative raw materials should be deeply investigated before their use in pelletisation and combustion in residential appli-ances.

关键词： Ecotoxicity Cytotoxicity mutagenicity Fuel quality Pellet combustion PM10 emissions

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mutagenicity of Wastewater Extracts from Pulp and Paper Industry

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第2期8卷 206-213页

作者： Samira Umme Aiman Abdul Malik Department of Agricultural Microbiology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India

Wastewater samples were collected from pulp and paper mill located in Kashipur (India) and were extracted using dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform and hexane solvents (all were HPLC-grade). The extracts were assayed for their mutagenic potential using Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. TA98 strain was found to be the most responsive, in terms of induction factor (Mi) and slope (m) of the initial linear dose-response curve as determined by linear regression analysis up to the increasing doses indicating the presence of frame shift mutagens in the test samples. mutagenicity of different extracts is arranged as follows: dichloromethane extracted water samples > hexane extracted water samples > chloroform extracted water samples. Hexane extract exhibited maximum mutagenic index of 13.0 and induction factor (Mi) 2.48 with TA98. The order of responsiveness based on the mutagenic index and induction factor for the test samples was in the following order: TA98 > TA97a > TA100 > TA102 > TA104. Our findings suggest that TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA104 were sensitive towards the wastewater extracts and showed considerable mutagenicity.

关键词： mutagenicity Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater Extracts

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Anti-lipid-oxidation effects and edible safety evaluation of the oil extracted by a supercritical CO_(2) process from coix seed fermented by Monascus purpureus

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第4期12卷 1119-1127页

作者： Haiying Zeng Anran Zhu Shengling He Mingjun Wu Muhammad Mazhar Anyan Wen Na Liu Likang Qin Song Miao Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education) Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology&Agro-Bioengineering(CICMEAB)College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Teagasc Food Research Centre MooreparkFermoyCo.Cork P61 C996Ireland

The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.

关键词： Coix seed oil Composition Edible safety mutagenicity Genotoxicity

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mutagenicity Study on Ibopamine: A New Heart Failure Antagonist

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 1997年第1期21卷 38-40页

作者：唐玲芳

Ibopamine(Ibo) is a new effective drug against heart failure. This paper reports the results of mutation tests of chromosome aberration of mammalian cell (Chinese hamster lung cell, CHL) in vitro and reversional mutation test of Salmonella typhimurium bacterium (Ames test) of ibopamine . The results of both tests were negative. Ibo did not have mutagenic effect.

关键词： ibopamine mutagenicity chromosome aberration Ames test

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Studies on mutagenicity and Teratogenicity of Sarafloxacin

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第1期1卷 108-113页

作者： SHEN Jian-zhong, SHEN Chuan, XIAO Xi-long, LI Jun-suo LIU Jin-feng, ZHANG Su-xia, ZHOU Zong-can and FU Juan-ling( College of Veterinary Medicine, China. Agricultural University, Beijing 100094 Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100083) College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 Beijing Medical University Beijing 100083

Wistar rats and closed Kunming strain mice were selected to study the genetic toxicity of sarafloxacin. The results indicated that sarafloxacin had no significant toxic effect of an excreted mutagen in S. typhimurium strains, and did not induce significantly higher percentages of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei (MNPCE) in mice. No significant mutagenic activity was observed in dominant lethal assay. At 5 and 50mg/kg b.w. , sarafloxacin did not produce significant effects on the reproductive parameters of litters and fetal growth, and did not induce the teratogenic effects on fetuses. Sarafloxacin induced some toxic effects on body length and skeletal growth in fetuses of 500mg/kg b.w., but had no significant dose - response relationship among the administered dosages of sarafloxacin. The results of the genetic toxicology above indicated that no evidence showing sarafloxacin was mutagenic and potentially teratogenic for animals.

关键词： Sarafloxacin Rat Mouse mutagenicity Teratogenicity Reproductive toxicity

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Studies on the mutagenicity and Teratogenicity of Kuianchun and Its Potential Carcinogenicity Prediction

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第2期1卷 213-220页

作者： LIANG Jian-ping, ZHANG Li, CAO Sui-zhong, ZHOU Li-xia, ZHOU Xue-hui LIU Zong-ping, WEI Chun-mei, MIAO Xiao-lin and WEI Zeng-quan(Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , CAAS , Key Laboratory of New Medicine Project, Ministry of Agriculture Lanzhou 730050 Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070 Institute of ModernPhysics , CAS , Lanzhou 730000) Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine CAAS Key Laboratory of New Medicine Project Ministry of Agriculture Lanzhou 730050 Institute of Modern Physics CAS Lanzhou 730000 Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine CAAS Key Laboratory of New Medicine Project Ministry of Agriculture Lanzhou 730050 Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 Institute of Modern Physics CAS Lanzhou 730000

Kuianchun is a newly synthesized antibacterial and growth-promoting drug. This paper selected a battery of three short-term tests, including Ames test, micronucleus test and sperm abnormality test, to detect the mutagenicity of Kuianchun. The carcinogenicity prediction and battery selection method (CPBS method) was used to determine the probability of carcinogenicity of Kuianchun based upon the results of short-term tests mentioned above. In addition, traditional teratogenic test was selected to study teratogenicity of Kuianchun. In Ames test, Kuianchun showed mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence and presence of microsomal metabolic activation system (S9-mix). However, the mutagenicity was reduced by the addition of S9-mix. In micronucleus test, Kuianchun was administered intra-peritoneally to male mouse 30 hours and 6 hours before they were killed respectively. The result indicated that there was no significant difference on the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) in the mouse bone marrow induced by Kuianchun compared with the negative contrast (50% DMSO) (P>0.05). In sperm abnormality test, Kuianchun was administered through a gastric incubation to male mouse as a suspension in 2% Tween-80. The dosage levels were 450, 750, 1000 and 1500mg/kg per day for 5 days. The result indicated that the percentage of abnormal sperms induced by Kuianchun was not significant compared with the negative contrast (P > 0.05). In traditional teratogenic test, Kuianchun was given orally to pregnant mouse at 1730, 1/20 and 1/15 LD50 during 6 - 15days of pregnancy period (the LD50 = 9000mg/kg). No toxicity was found either on mother and embryo in mouse, and teratogenic effects were also not observed at all tested dosages.The probability of carcinogenicity of Kuianchun is 23.8%(6 = 0.238). The result demonstrated that Kuianchun is a non-carcinogen.

关键词： Kuianchun mutagenicity Teratogenicity Carcinogenicity Genetic-toxicity

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Evaluation of the mutagenicity Potential of Trace-Rutinosidase Variety of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) Using the Ames Test

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2016年第2期5卷 100-105页

作者： Tatsuro Suzuki Toshikazu Morishita Shigenobu Takigawa Takahiro Noda Koji Ishiguro NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center Suya Japan NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center Shinsei Japan

To ensure the safety of “Manten-Kirari”, a non-bitter and trace-rutinosidase variety of Tartary buckwheat, we evaluated its mutagenic activity in a bacterial reverse mutagenicity assay, the Ames test. Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA153, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA were employed as test bacteria. The flour of “Manten-Kirari” was dissolved at 12 - 50,000 μg/mL in DMSO and investigated. The number of revertants did not differ compared to the negative control for all concentrations tested, whereas that in the positive control, the number of revertants was increased with or without metabolic activation for each bacterial strain tested. These results suggested that the flour of the Tartary buckwheat “Manten-Kirari” was not genotoxic.

关键词： Tartary Buckwheat Rutin Rutinosidase Quercetin mutagenicity

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