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FORMATION MECHANISMS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR DIOXINS IN INCINERATION PROCESS OF municipal solid wastes

化工学报 2000年第S1期51卷 211-218页

作者： Yang Xuemin, Li Ji, Lin Weigang, Yao Jianzhong, Wang Xiaoquan and Xie Yusheng (Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080)

Dioxins, which are of the most toxic materials on the earth, are principal emitted from waste incineration process. The molecular structures, toxicity parameters, such as toxicity equivalency factor, tolerable daily intake and physic-chemical properties of dioxins are briefly summarized. Three formation mechanisms of dioxins in waste incineration process, namely as de novo synthesis, mechanisms involving small organic molecular as precursors and homogenous gas phase reaction mechanism are alto reviewed. The influencing factors for dioxins formation during waste incineration process are also discussed. Three major methods for reducing dioxins emission from waste incineration process are discussed based upon the formation mechanisms and influencing factors. A new waste incineration process with low dioxins emission and low hydrogen chloride corrosion has been proposed based on multi- stage unit operation principal according to formation mechanisms of dioxins and potential production location in waste incinerators.

关键词： Dioxins Formation mechanisms Dioxins emission Incineration process municipal solid wastes PCDDD/Fs

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Energy and materials recovery from post-recycling wastes:WTE

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 249-257页

作者： Nickolas J.Themelis Earth Engineering Center Columbia UniversityNew YorkUSA

One of the most misunderstood technologies in some parts of the world and widely adopted technologies in others is the recovery of energy and materials by the controlled combustion of post-recycling wastes.This technology is commonly called waste-to-energy,or simply WTE.After all possible efforts for recycling or composting wastes,there remains a large post-recycling fraction that is either landfilled or used as fuel in WTE power plants that also recover metals and minerals.Several nations,e.g.,Switzerland,Japan,Sweden,Belgium,Denmark,and Germany,have succeeded in phasing out landfilling by processing all theãir post-recycling municipal solid wastes(MSW)in WTE power plants.This paper reviews the evolution and importance of WTE in the twenty-first century,with special focus on the world’s largest economies:the EU,US,and China.

关键词： Electricity Waste to energy WTE Incineration Landfilling municipal solid wastes Post-recycling MSW Waste management China US

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Enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of flower stem wastes with vegetable wastes by co-hydrolysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第3期20卷 297-303页

作者： ZHANG Bo HE Pinjing Lü Fan SHAO Liming State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongfi University Shanghai 200092 China

The vegetable wastes and flower stems were co-digested to evaluate the anaerobic hydrolysis performance of difficultly biodegradable organic wastes by introducing readily biodegradable organic wastes. The experiments were carried out in batches. When the vegetable wastes were mixed with the flower stems at the dry weight ratio of 1 to 13, the overall hydrolysis rate increased by 8%, 12%, and 2% according to the carbon, nitrogen, and total solid （TS） conversion rate, respectively. While the dry weight ratio was designed as 1 to 3, there was a respective rise of 5%, 15%, and 4% in the conversion rate of carbon, nitrogen, and TS. The enhancement of anaerobic hydrolysis from the mixed vegetable wastes and flower stems can be attributed to the formation of volatile fatty acids （VFA） and nutrient supplement like nitrogen content. The maximum VFA concentration can achieve 1.7 g/L owing to the rapid acidification of vegetable wastes, loosing the structure of lignocellulose materials. The statistic bivariate analysis revealed that the hydrolysis performance was significantly related to the physical and biochemical compositions of the feeding substrate. Especially, the soluble carbon concentration in the liquid was significantly positively correlated to the concentration of nitrogen and hemicellulose, and negatively correlated to the concentration of carbon and lignocellulose in the feeding substrate, suggesting that the regulation and control of feedstock can have an important influence on the anaerobic hydrolysis of organic wastes.

关键词： municipal solid wastes hydrolysis feedstock characteristics VFA bivariate analysis

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Environmental and economic benefit of recycling model of packaging waste:a case study on aluminum

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2004年第3期2卷 30-36页

作者： Huang Pingsha Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang Wanli University Ningbo 315100 China

In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view. Some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in this article. Aluminium can recovery and recycling is emphasized. Cost effective, economic and environmental benefit of different models are compared and analyzed. The result shows that all recycling models have their characteristics due to the initial purpose of recovery and the situation of the implementing country. However, all the models contribute to the reduction of municipal solid waste disposal and resources conservation.

关键词： resource conservation municipal solid wastes packaging wastes aluminium recycling model recovery

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Heavy Metals Contents of municipal solid Waste Dumpsites in Potiskum, Yobe State Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第9期11卷 709-717页

作者： G. D. Ibrahim E. O. Nwaichi G. O. Abu Centre for Occupational Health Safety and Environment University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Preliminary Studies Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashu’a Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria

The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn in selected dumpsites in Potiskum were determined with Buck Scientific 210VGB Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) AVG 210. One-way ANOVA was deployed at p ·kg-1) of studied heavy metals in Potiskum dumpsites ranged from 0.108 ± 0.02 - 262.536 ± 0.68 with pattern of accumulation Pb (262.536 ± 0.02) > Zn (183.369 ± 0.58) > Fe (159.453 ± 0.50) > Cu (111.382 ± 0.62) > Cr (43.523 ± 0.36) > Ni (6.419 ± 0.26) > Cd (0.679 ± 0.01) > As (0.108 ± 0.02) mg·kg-1. The concentrations of As, Cr, Ni, Fe and Zn fell below the WHO standards while those of Pb, Cd and Cu were above set limits by WHO. High acidity corresponds markedly with high levels of Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn and requires urgent attention as this trend is capable of groundwater contamination that will cause public health concern in affected areas.

关键词： Heavy Metals Concentration Uptake Pattern Dumpsites municipal solid wastes

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