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multiphasic scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects:Outcomes of preclinical studies

Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 505-545页

作者： Rouyan Chen Jasmine Sarah Pye Jiarong Li Christopher B.Little Jiao Jiao Li Kolling Institute Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSW2065Australia School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of SciencesEngineering and TechnologyThe University of AdelaideSA5005Australia School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW2007Australia

Osteochondral defects are caused by injury to both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within skeletal joints. They can lead to irreversible joint damage and increase the risk of progression to osteoarthritis. Current treatments for osteochondral injuries are not curative and only target symptoms, highlighting the need for a tissue engineering solution. Scaffold-based approaches can be used to assist osteochondral tissue regeneration, where biomaterials tailored to the properties of cartilage and bone are used to restore the defect and minimise the risk of further joint degeneration. This review captures original research studies published since 2015, on multiphasic scaffolds used to treat osteochondral defects in animal models. These studies used an extensive range of biomaterials for scaffold fabrication, consisting mainly of natural and synthetic polymers. Different methods were used to create multiphasic scaffold designs, including by integrating or fabricating multiple layers, creating gradients, or through the addition of factors such as minerals, growth factors, and cells. The studies used a variety of animals to model osteochondral defects, where rabbits were the most commonly chosen and the vast majority of studies reported small rather than large animal models. The few available clinical studies reporting cell-free scaffolds have shown promising early-stage results in osteochondral repair, but long-term follow-up is necessary to demonstrate consistency in defect restoration. Overall, preclinical studies of multiphasic scaffolds show favourable results in simultaneously regenerating cartilage and bone in animal models of osteochondral defects, suggesting that biomaterials-based tissue engineering strategies may be a promising solution.

关键词： Osteochondral defects Tissue engineering multiphasic scaffolds Biomaterials Animal models

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