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Landscape and scale-dependent spatial niches of bats foraging above intensively used arable fields

Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 249-263页

作者： Olga Heim Lukas Lorenz Stephanie Kramer-Schadt Kirsten Jung Christian C.Voigt Jana A.Eccard Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-Str.1710315 BerlinGermany Animal Ecology Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469 PotsdamGermany Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069 UlmGermany Department of Animal Behaviour Freie Universität BerlinTakustr.314195 BerlinGermany

Introduction:Bats are threatened by agricultural intensification,and although bat ecology in agricultural landscapes is in the focus of current research,the effects of interacting spatiotemporal factors on species-specific bat activity above farmland remain understudied.Our aim was to identify spatiotemporal factors and their interactions relevant for the activity of bat species above conventionally managed arable fields.Methods:We repeatedly monitored relative bat activity above open arable fields in Germany using acoustic monitoring.We used site-related biotic and abiotic factors and landscape characteristics across five spatial scales,their combinations,and interactions to identify those factors which best explain variation in bat activity.Results:Numerous interactions between landscape characteristics and the insect abundance affected bat activity above fields.For instance,Pipistrellus pipistrellus became more active with increasing insect abundance,but only above fields with a low proportion of woody vegetation cover in the surroundings.Additionally,the level of bat activity in summer depended on landscape characteristics.For example,the activity of Pipistrellus nathusii was relatively low in summer above fields that were surrounded by vegetation patches with a high degree of edge complexity(e.g.,hedgerow).However,the activity remained at a relatively high level and did not differ between seasons above fields that were surrounded by vegetation patches with a low degree of edge complexity(e.g.,roundly shaped forest patch).Conclusions:Our results revealed that landscape characteristics and their interactions with insect abundance affected bat activity above conventionally managed fields and highlighted the opportunistic foraging behavior of bats.To improve the conditions for bats in agricultural landscapes,we recommend re-establishing landscape heterogeneity to protect aquatic habitats and to increase arthropod availability.

关键词： AgroScapeLabs European bat species Agriculture Landscape multi-scale habitat modeling Ecosystem service ConservationAgroScapeLabs European bat species Agriculture Landscape multi-scale habitat modeling Ecosystem service Conservation

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