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Effect of incoming sediment on the transport rate of bed load in mountain streams

International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第3期24卷 260-273页

作者： Guo-An YU1, Zhao-Yin WANG2, Kang ZHANG3, Tung-Chiung CHANG4, and Huaixiang LIU51 Dr., Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 2 Prof., State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100101, China, 3 Ph.D. candidate, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 4 Ph.D. candidate, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Prof., Kaoyuan University, Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan, China 5 Dr., State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [a] Dr. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China and Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University [b] Prof. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100101 China [c] Ph.D. candidate State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China [d] Ph.D. candidate Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China and Prof. Kaoyuan University Kaohsiung 82151 Taiwan China [e] Dr. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Field experiments were conducted on bed load transport in the Diaoga River, a mountain stream in southwest China, to study the variation of bed load transport with varying sediment supply. The rate of bed load transport is greatly affected by incoming sediment (load and size). Under the same flow conditions, bed load transport rates may differ by three orders of magnitude depending on whether measurements were taken before or after the first flood of the year. The relation of the "bed load transport rate versus flow intensity" appears to have similar characteristics as a clockwise looped-rating curve. Experiments also were conducted during the non-flood season to study bed load transport processes with different incoming load from an upstream section. Bed load with different sizes can be grouped into two types: traveling bed load and structural bed load. Traveling bed load is composed of sediment finer than a critical size, Dc, and its transport rate depends mainly on the incoming sediment rate. The incoming sediment rate can alter the rate of bed load transport by three orders of magnitude. Structural bed load is composed of coarser sediment and its transport rate closely relies on the flow intensity.

关键词： mountain streams Bed load transport Sediment supply Sediment size distribution

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STEP-POOL MORPHOLOGY IN HIGH-GRADIENT streams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2001年第3期16卷 380-390页

作者： A.R. MAXWELL and A.N. PAPANICOLAOU Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg., Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, Professor, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg., Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engrg. Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-2910

The focus of this study is to examine bed stability and morphology in high-gradient gravel-bed streams, and thus to improve understanding of the various parameters governing the sediment flow characteristics in mountain streams. Ultimately, this knowledge can be used to design pseudo-natural channels, as in the stream simulation method of culvert design; with this in mind, prototype conditions are evaluated in a flume with slopes ranging from 3% to 7%, and particle relative submergence varying from 0.5 to 2.5 for three bed size distributions. These experiments are designed to satisfy the conditions of dynamic similarity for flow and sediment, and they are preferred over field measurements since they allow a high degree of control over testing conditions. It is found that step-pool bedforms are the most ubiquitous features along the gravel bed. A new formula is developed that correlates step height with the gravel-bed size distribution, relative submergence of the particles, and the Froude number. The step spacing is found to be related to step height and streambed longitudinal slope. Flow resistance is also examined, and a formula is developed which accounts for the resistance due to the bedforms (form resistance), as well as the individual sediment particles (grain resistance).

关键词： mountain streams Step-pool bedforms Step height

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