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morphological and Molecular identification of Fungi Associated with Sesame Diseased Plants of the Three Agroclimatic Zones of Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 290-307页

作者： Wendolian Romain Soalla Pawindé Elisabeth Zida Bouma James Neya Kadidia Koita Laboratoire de Phytopathologie Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Biosciences Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Sesame is Burkina Faso’s second essential agricultural export after cotton. It’s consequently a supply of income for producers and foreign exchange for the country. However, sesame production is characterized by low average yields of about 538 kg·ha-1 at the farmer’s field as compared to the potential yield of the improved varieties (1500 - 2000 kg·ha-1). Fungal diseases are some of the major constraints to sesame production in Burkina Faso. The present study contributes to the development of means to control pathogenic fungi of this crop, which are responsible for significant losses. The objective is to identify the fungi associated with diseased sesame plant samples. To this end, 149 samples of diseased sesame plants were collected from different production sites located in three agro-climatic zones of the country. The analysis of the samples according to the blotting paper method, based on the morphological characteristics of the fungi, allowed the identification of 18 genera with prevalence rates from 2.68% to 97.98%. The most frequently identified genera were Macrophomina (97.98%), Cercospora (86.57%), Fusarium (85.23%), Phoma (62.41%) and Colletotrichum (61.07%). The results also showed a variable distribution of fungi according to the agro-climatic zone with the predominance of Macrophomina in all three zones. Molecular identification by DNA sequencing of 120 isolates belonging to the different fungi detected allowed the identification of 25 species of which the most representative were Macrophomina phaseolina, Cercospora sesami, Corynespora cassiicola, Alternaria simsimi, Alternaria porri, Fusarium oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. equiseti, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gloesporiodes. The present study showed that diseased sesame plants collected from different production sites in Burkina Faso housed several species of fungi. The fungi presence in diseased plants indicates the need to inform and raise the stakeholders’ awareness about the phytosanitary problems of sesame, but also to dev

关键词： Burkina Faso Fungi Molecular identification morphological identification Sesame

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morphological and microscopic identification studies of Cordyceps and its counterfeits

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2011年第3期1卷 189-195页

作者： Hui-juan Liu Hao-bin Hu Chu Chu Qin Li Ping Li State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control Division of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing 210009China College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310032China

Macroscopic and microscopic studies were applied to distinguish Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.and its 5 common counterfeits.Transverse sections of stroma and larvae and surface sections of stroma of C.sinensis,Cordyceps gunnii,Cordyceps barnesii,Cordyceps gracilis,Cordyceps liangshanensis and Cordyceps militaris were examined and their morphological and microscopic features photographed.The main morphological and microscopic features of the 6 species of Cordyceps were basically similar except for certain diagnostic differences.These included macroscopic differences from C.sinensis as follows:the stroma of C.gunnii is stout and rough with sterile bulgy or branched apex;the larvae of C.barnesii has a pair of teeth on the head;the stroma of C.liangshanensi is thread-like;C.gracilis is without stroma;and C.militaris is without larvae.There were also microscopic differences:from C.sinensis as follows:the stroma of C.barnesii is without perithecia;C.gunnii,C.liangshanensis and C.gracilis are without bristles on the larva body.These differences allow C.sinensis and its counterfeits to be easily distinguished.

关键词： Cordyceps sinensis Counterfeits morphological identification Microscopic identification

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First record of the little fire ant,Wasmannia auropunctata(Hymenoptera:Formicidae),in Chinese mainland

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1825-1829页

作者： CHEN Si-qi ZHAO Yi LU Yong-yue RAN Hao XU Yi-juan Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642P.R.China

In January 2022,we received ant specimens collected from three field colonies from Shantou City,Guangdong Province,China.They were identified as the little fire ant,Wasmannia auropunctata,through morphological and molecular analyses.Wasmannia auropunctata is listed as one of the 100 most dangerous invasive species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)and has spread from its native range in South America to every continent except Antarctica.DNA analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI)in nine specimens of W.auropunctata found that they had a close genetic relationship with specimens from Argentina.This study represents the first formal record of the establishment of W.auropunctata outdoor in Chinese mainland.However,the invasion stage and occurrence degree of W.auropunctata in China are not clear to date.The implementation of quarantine measures,investigation of the occurrence and distribution,and development of monitoring and control strategies are needed to actively respond to the threat posed by this highly invasive ant.

关键词： little fire ant morphological identification mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

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Isolation and species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Puccinellia tenuiflora of Songnen saline-alkaline grassland,China

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BIOCELL 2022年第11期46卷 2465-2474页

作者： YUNHUI ZHOU YAJIE LIU WENNA ZHAO FEI CHEN YUDAN WANG CHUNXUE YANG College of Landscape Architecture Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China

Salinization has led to the deterioration of the ecological environment,affected the growth of plants,and hindered the development of agriculture and forestry.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi,as important soil microorganisms,play significant physiological and ecological roles in promoting plant nutrient absorption and improving soil structure.Puccinellia tenuiflora(Turcz.)Scribn.et Merr.in Songnen saline-alkaline grassland was selected as the research object to observe AM fungal colonization of the roots and explore the species and diversity of AM fungi in symbiotic association with P.tenuiflora.This study showed that AM fungi colonized in P.tenuiflora roots and formed a typical Arum-type mycorrhizal structure.A significant correlation was observed between vesicular abundance and the colonization intensity of mycorrhiza.Isolation and identification revealed 40 species of AM fungi in the rhizosphere of P.tenuiflora,belonging to 14 genera,of which two species could not be identified.The richness of the genus Glomus was the highest,accounting for 30%of the total species.Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices were isolated from all the samples and were the species with the widest distribution in the rhizosphere of P.tenuiflora.Correlation analysis showed that pH only had a significant impact on the distribution of a few species,such as Glomus pustulatum,Diversispora spurca,Glomus aggregatum,Rhizophagus clarum,and Acaulospora foveata.The present study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the resources of AM fungi in saline-alkaline soil.

关键词： morphological identification Spore density Species richness Diversity indexes Colonization intensity

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A new Curvularia lunata variety discovered in Huanghuaihai Region in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 551-560页

作者： CHANG Jia-ying LIU Shu-sen SHI Jie GUO Ning ZHANG Hai-jian CHEN Jie Plant Protection Institute Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/IPM Centre of Hebei ProvinceBaoding 071000P.R.China School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240P.R.China

The purpose of this study was to identify the dominant pathogens of Curvularia leaf spot and their pathogenicity variation in Huanghuaihai Region of China in recent years.In 2013 and 2016–2017,the occurrences of Curvularia leaf spots on maize were investigated in fields located in Henan,Hebei,Shandong,and Anhui provinces,and 292 fungi were isolated from diseased leaves.These fungal isolates were subjected to morphological identification,and 232 isolates were found to have about 70%uncurved conidia and were identified as Curvularia lunata var.Most of the conidia of 2 representative isolates,namely,HNWB-131 and HNWB-185,were oblong with parallel septations and were distinctly different from a reference isolate CX-3.For further determination,the internal transcribed spacer(ITS),glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH),the large subunit(LSU),and translation elongation factor 1-alpha(EF1-α)sequences of HNWB-131,HNWB-185,and CX-3 were amplified and sequenced.The results of sequence analysis showed that the 4 gene sequences from the 3 isolates had a similarity of more than 99%to C.lunata.Based on the sequences of ITS and the combined data of the 4 genes,neighbor-joining trees were constructed for phylogenetic analysis.The results indicated that these 3 isolates were clustered together with C.lunata.The expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes in mycelia and conidia was significantly(Pmorphological variations in Huanghuaihai Region from 2013 to 2017.The pathogenicity of the C.lunata var.was not significantly enhanced,and the expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes of C.lunata var.was decreased.

关键词： Curvularia lunata Curvularia leaf spot morphological identification phylogenetic analysis

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Species diversity of thrips (Thysanoptera) in selected avocado orchards from Mexico based on morphology and molecular data

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第11期17卷 2509-2517页

作者： Daniel Bravo-Perez Ma. Teresa Santillbn-Galicia Roberto M. Johansen-Naime Hector Gonzalez-Hernandez Obdulia L. Segura-Leon Daniel L, Ochoa-Martinez Stephanie Guzman-Valencia Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomologia y Acarologia Colegio de Postgraduados Km 36.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco Montecillo Texcoco Estado de Mexico 56230 Mexico Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (IBUNAM) Circuito exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacan Ciudad de Mexico 04510 Mexico Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatologia Colegio de Postgraduados Km 36.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco Montecillo Texcoco Estado de Mexico 56230 Mexico

Avocado is one of the most important crops in the world, and Mexico is the largest producer of this fruit. Several insect pests affect its production, and thrips are amongst the most important. A key step in the design of control methods is accurate species identification. Despite this, formal reports on species diversity of thrips in Mexico are very scarce. morphological identification can sometimes be time-consuming and inconclusive. Therefore, we explored the species diversity of thrips in Mexican avocado orchards （Michoacan state） based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I （COl）. Forty-four specimens were analysed, which represented approximately 8% of all individuals collected from five localities distributed in three Municipalities. All specimens were analysed using the COl marker, and specimens within the genera Frankliniella were also analysed using a marker within the D2 domain of the 28S （28SD2） nuclear ribosomal DNA. Molecular identifications were confirmed using morphological taxonomy. Overall, six genera were found （Neohydatothrips, Scirtothrips, Frankliniella, Arorathrips, Caliothrips and Leptothrips）. AII genera contained only one species, except Frankliniella, for which there were six species. Data from the two molecular markers suggest the existence of cryptic species within Mexican F. occidentalis populations.

关键词： molecular taxonomy morphological identification cytochrome oxidase subunit I 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA.

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Pharmacognostical study of Cynanchum stauntonii and Cynanchum glaucescens,botanical sources of TCM Baiqian

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2018年第4期10卷 379-387页

作者： Chayanis Sutcharitchan Li-na Wang Hang Zhang Xiao-die Li Ya-jun Cui Shen Ji Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203China Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control Shanghai 201203China

Objective： Cynanchum stauntonii and Cynanchum glaucescens are botanical species of Baiqian（Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma et Radix） in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, in which, however, there are no microscopic identification. Therefore, we provided the morphological and microscopic identification of the crude drug for updating Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Methods： Twelve batches of C. stauntonii and three batches of C. glaucescens and their crude drugs were taxonomically, morphologically, and microscopically examined.Results： Taxonomically, C. stauntonii had narrowly lanceolate leaves with acuminate apex and 5 mm long petiole; Whereas C. glaucescens was oblong-lanceolate or oblong with rounded or acute apex in leaves,and had very short or no petiole. morphologically, rhizomes of C. stauntonii and C. glaucescens both had hollow pith, but the hollow pith occupied about a half of the rhizome＇s diameter in C. stauntonii, whereas only a very small proportion of the overall diameter in C. glaucescens. Moreover, microscopic observation showed the difference in the proportion of xylem and in rhizome transverse-sections of the two species along with the difference in the size of the pith. Finally, laticifers and rhizome epidermal secretory cells were present in the powders of C. stauntonii, but absent from C. glaucescens.Conclusion： Based on observation of morphological and microscopic characteristics, the two species can be distinguished by the size of the pith, proportion of xylem of rhizomes, and crude drug powder characters such as laticifers and secretory cells.

关键词： Baiqian Cynanchum stauntonii （Decne.） Schltr. ex Levl. Cynanchurn glaucescens （Decne.） Hand.-Mazz. microscopic identification morphological identification pharmacognosy

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identification of Mulberry Endophytic Fungus Macrophomina phaseolina Strain

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2021年第6期10卷 93-95页

作者： Xue’e DOU Jingrui HAN College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China Linqu County Animal Husbandry Development Center Linqu 262600China Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center Chengguan Sub-district OfficeLinqu CountyLinqu 262600China

An endophytic fungus MOD-1 was isolated from the roots of mulberry trees,and was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina by morphology and molecular biology.The 5.8 S rDNA/ITS region sequence of the strain has been regi... 详细信息

关键词： Macrophomina phaseolina morphological identification Molecular biological identification

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identification of Powdery Mildew Pathogen and Ribosomal DNA-ITS Sequence Analysis on Melon

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2013年第4期20卷 10-18,F0003页

作者： Wang Xue-zheng Xu Bing-yin Wang Ping Luan Fei-shi Ma Hong-yan Ma Ying-yuan College of Horticulture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China Agricultural Science Research Institute of Dongxihu Wuhan 430000 China

identification of powdery mildew pathogens on melon（Cucumis melo） is important for melon breeding and diseaseresistant germplasm selection. In this study, a powdery mildew pathogen that infected melon plants in Heilongjiang Province, China, was investigated in terms of host identification, morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen were observed at five phases in the life cycle： germinating conidia, primary germ tube, hyphae, conidiophores, and colonization. The conidia were elliptical, colorless, catenulate, and the average length was 29.07 μm and average width was 17.82 μm. One ascus and eight ascospores were produced. DNA was extracted from 0.01 g conidiophores from a strain of powdery mildew pathogen that infected melon. ITS ribosomal DNA region（524 bp） was amplified with the universal ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The nucleotide sequence showed 100% similarity with ITS sequences for three Podosphaera fusca strains obtained from the GenBank database. The identity of the pathogen was confirmed as Sphaerotheca fuliginea. International standard differential hosts were used to identify S. fuliginea strain as 2F race. These results supported the notion that Podosphaera fusca was a synonym of S. fuliginea.

关键词： pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginear DNA-ITS morphological identification host identification

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First report of Heterodera filipjevi on winter wheat from Hebei province in north China

First report of Heterodera filipjevi on winter wheat from He...

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中国植物病理学会2021年学术年会

作者： REN Haohao KANG Xiaobo Su Jianhua ZHENG Fengru WANG Sijia CHEN Meiling ZHENG Qian WANG Rundong CUI Jiangkuan College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University

Heterodera avenae and H.filipjevi,are the most economically important cyst nematodes that affect cultivated cereals in China.In June 2019,72 samples were collected from various regions of Hebei Province.The cysts were extracted following Cobb’s sieving gravity,and 37 soil samples were detected.The detection rate of cysts were as high as 88%,and the average cycts amount per 100 mL soil sample was 6.4.By analyzing the morphological characteristics of J2 s and cysts,the morphological characteristics of cyst nematodes in five soil samples from Handan,Xingtai and Shijiazhuang were consistent with those of H.filipjevi.ITS universal primers（TW81 and AB28） and H.filipjevi SCAR marker were used for PCR amplification,sequencing and specificity detection of the above samples.The length of ITS amplified fragment was 1 054 bp,and the measured sequence was found to have more than 99% similarity with the reported H.filipjevi by Blast alignment.The SCAR marker results showed that a single bright646 bp target fragment was amplified from the above five samples,and there was no specific band in the negative control.In summary,cyst nematodes from Handan,Xingtai and Shijiazhuang were identified as H.filipjevi by morphological characteristics and molecular identification.This is the first report of H.filipjevi in Hebei Province.Since H.filipjevi is more toxic and harmful than H.avenae,it is urgent to take effective prevention and control measures to prevent the further spread of the disease.This discovery plays a positive role in the prevention and control of H.filipjevi in winter wheat production areas in Hebei and in-depth research.

关键词： Hebei Province H.filipjevi morphological identification Molecular identification

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