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Effect of light and nutrients on interspecific interactions between submerged macrophytes:implications for restoration of multispecies aquatic vegetation in eutrophic lakes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第5期41卷 1821-1833页

作者： Yiping WANG Xiaoguang XU Dujun LI Yongjun LU Xinhou ZHANG Chuyao YANG Qiu JIN Guoxiang WANG School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research InstituteNanjing 210029China School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

Constructing multispecies submerged vegetation systems and maintaining stable seasonal succession is crucial for restoring shallow eutrophic lakes.However,little is known about the interactions between successional and existing species of different growth forms,particularly under the low light and high nutrient conditions of eutrophic lakes.We measured the functional traits of mature Vallisneria natans(Lour.)Hara plants and Potamogeton crispus L.shoots in monoculture and mosaic patterns under different light and nutrient conditions.The effect of light on functional traits of the submerged macrophyte species was more significant than that of nutrients,but the reverse was true for P.crispus biomass allocation.Moreover,interspecific interactions affected only the submerged macrophytes under the low light condition and varied with species.Specifically,the interaction of P.crispus to V.natans was biased towards competition,while the interaction of V.natans to P.crispus was converted from facilitation to competition by eutrophication,particularly in the homogenous mosaic growth pattern.This study demonstrates that sufficient light is a prerequisite and patch planting is an effective means to form a multispecies submerged vegetation system.In addition,we emphasize that the coexistence of eutrophication and low light will likely result in a competition between submerged macrophytes thus simplifying the vegetation,even if their growth forms and growing seasons are different.These findings help explain the collapse of multispecies submerged vegetation and guide the restoration of aquatic plants in eutrophic lakes.

关键词： submerged macrophyte light nutrient monoculture mosaic interspecific interaction

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Multiscale engineering of microbial cell factories: A step forward towards sustainable natural products industry

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第1期7卷 586-601页

作者： Muhammad Hammad Hussain Muhammad Zubair Mohsin Waqas Qamar Zaman Junxiong Yu Xueli Zhao Yanlong Wei Yingping Zhuang Ali Mohsin Meijin Guo State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237PR China Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNational University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Sector H-12Islamabad44000Pakistan

Microbial cell factories(bacteria and fungi)are the leading producers of beneficial natural products such as lycopene,carotene,herbal medicine,and biodiesel etc.These microorganisms are considered efficient due to their effective bioprocessing strategy(monoculture-and consortial-based approach)under distinct processing conditions.Meanwhile,the advancement in genetic and process optimization techniques leads to enhanced biosynthesis of natural products that are known functional ingredients with numerous applications in the food,cosmetic and medical industries.Natural consortia and monoculture thrive in nature in a small proportion,such as wastewater,food products,and soils.In similitude to natural consortia,it is possible to engineer artificial microbial consortia and program their behaviours via synthetic biology tools.Therefore,this review summarizes the optimization of genetic and physicochemical parameters of the microbial system for improved production of natural products.Also,this review presents a brief history of natural consortium and describes the functional properties of monocultures.This review focuses on synthetic biology tools that enable new approaches to design synthetic consortia;and highlights the syntropic interactions that determine the performance and stability of synthetic consortia.In particular,the effect of processing conditions and advanced genetic techniques to improve the productibility of both monoculture and consortial based systems have been greatly emphasized.In this context,possible strategies are also discussed to give an insight into microbial engineering for improved pro-duction of natural products in the future.In summary,it is concluded that the coupling of genomic modifications with optimum physicochemical factors would be promising for producing a robust microbial cell factory that shall contribute to the increased production of natural products.

关键词： Genetic and process optimization techniques monoculture Natural products Synthetic consortia Synthetic biology tools

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Effects of monoculture-conditioned soils on common tallgrass prairie species productivity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 474-484页

作者： Thomas P.McKenna Brian J.Darby Kathryn A.Yurkonis Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas2101 Constant Ave.Takeru Higuchi HallLawrenceKS 66047USA Department of Biology University of North Dakota10 Cornell Street Stop 9019Grand ForksND 58202USA

Aims Within biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments,it is widely understood that yields of some species rapidly decline when planted in monoculture.This effect may arise due to decreased access to soil nutrients or an increase in detrimental soil patho-gens within monoculture plantings.To determine whether or not soil conditioning affects tall grass prairie species biomass produc-tion,we conducted a field experiment to assess species growth in conspecifically and heterospecifically conditioned soils and a greenhouse experiment to elucidate how conspecific soil biota affected species growth.Methods To test for species-specific soil effects,seedlings of the legume Astragulus canadensis,the cool-season grass Elymus canaden-sis,the forb Helianthus maximiliani and the warm-season grass Panicum virgatum were grown in field plots that had either been conspecifically or heterospecifically conditioned over 2 years.Plant growth was recorded over a single growing season,and soils were assessed for differences in their nematode(mesofauna)communities.Seedlings of these species were additionally grown over a 6-week period in conspecifically conditioned soil that was either untreated,heated to 60°C,sterilized(autoclaved at 120°C)or heated to 60°C and reinoculated with conspecific soil biota.The two heating treatments were used to compare growth responses between a low-and high-temperature soil treatment.The reinoculation treatment was used to assess the effect of soil biota in light of any nutrient changes that may have occurred with soil heating.Important Findings Elymus canadensis,H.maximiliani and P.virgatum growth was improved in field plots conditioned by the legume A.canadensis com-pared with their growth in conspecifically conditioned(home)soils.Despite variation(grass versus nongrass)in their soil nematode com-munities,there was no evidence to suggest that these three species were inhibited by conspecific or functionally conspecific soil condi-tioning in the field.Astragulus canadensis was the only species whose gro

关键词： Astragulus canadensis diversity Elymus canadensis Helianthus maximiliani monoculture overyielding Panicum virgatum productivity soil biota soil conditioning

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Carbon storage in biomass,litter,and soil of different native and introduced fast-growing tree plantations in the South Caspian Sea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 444-452页

作者： Jamshid Eslamdoust Hormoz Sohrabi Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science Tarbiat Modares University

Replantation of degraded forest using rapidgrowth trees can play a significant role in global carbon budget by storing large quantities of carbon in live biomass,forest floor,and soil organic matter.We assessed the potential of 20-year old stands of three rapid-growth tree species,including Alnus subcordata,Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum,for carbon(C) storage at ecosystem level.In September 2013,48 replicate plots(16 m × 16 m) in 8 stands of three plantations were established.36 trees were felled down and fresh biomass of different components was weighed in the field.Biomass equations were fitted using data based on the 36 felled trees.The biomass of understory vegetation and litter were measured by harvesting all the components.The C fraction of understory,litter,and soil were measured.The ecosystem C storage was as follows: A.subcordata(626.5 Mg ha) [ P.deltoides(542.9Mg ha) [ T.distichum(486.8 Mg ha)(P \ 0.001),of which78.1–87.4% was in the soil.P.deltoides plantation reached the highest tree biomass(206.6 Mg ha),followed by A.subcordata(134.5 Mg ha) and T.distichum(123.3 Mg ha).The highest soil C was stored in theplantation of A.subcordata(555.5 Mg ha).The C storage and sequestration of the plantations after 20 years were considerable(25–30 Mg hayear) and broadleaves species had higher potential.Native species had a higher soil C storage while the potential of introduced species for live biomass production was higher.

关键词： Biomass Carbon storage Climate change monoculture Tree allometry Soil carbon

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Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, N content, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa and smooth bromegrass grown alone or in mixture in greenhouse pots

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第9期14卷 1864-1876页

作者： XIE Kai-yun LI Xiang-lin HE Feng ZHANG Ying-jun WAN Li-qiang David B Hannaway WANG Dong QIN Yan Gamal M A Fadul Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Grassland Science College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University

Planting grass and legume mixtures on improved grasslands has the potential advantage of realizing both higher yields and lower environmental pollution by optimizing the balance between applied N fertilizer and the natural process of legume biological nitrogen fixation. However, the optimal level of N fertilization for grass-legume mixtures, to obtain the highest yield, quality, and contribution of N2 fixation, varies with species. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the temporal dynamics of N2 fixation of alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） grown alone and in mixture with smooth bromegrass （Bromus inermis Leyss.） in response to the addition of fertilizer N. Three levels of N （0, 75, and 150 kg ha-1） were examined using 15N-labeled urea to evaluate N2 fixation via the 15N isotope dilution method. Treatments were designated NO （0.001 g per pot）, N75 （1.07 g per pot） and N150 （2.14 g per pot）. Alfalfa grown alone did not benefit from the addition of fertilizer N; dry matter was not significantly increased. In contrast, dry weight and N content of smooth bromegrass grown alone was increased significantly by N application. When grown as a mixture, smooth bromegrass biomass was increased significantly by N application, resulted in a decrease in alfalfa biomass. In addition, individual alfalfa plant dry weight （shoots＋roots） was significantly lower in the mixture than when grown alone at all N levels. Smooth bromegrass shoot and root dry weight were significantly higher when grown with alfalfa than when grown alone, regardless of N application level. When grown alone, alfalfa＇s N2 fixation was reduced with N fertilization （R2=0.9376,P=0.0057）. When grown in a mixture with smooth bromegrass, with 75 kg ha-1 of N fertilizer, the percentage of atmospheric N2 fixation contribution to total N in alfalfa （%Ndfa） had a maximum of 84.07 and 83.05% in the 2nd and 3rd harvests, respectively. Total 3-harvest %Ndfa was higher when alfalfa was grown in a mixture than when grown alone （shoots：｜t｜=3.39, P=0.0096; root：｜t｜=3

关键词： alfalfa （Medicago sativa） smooth bromegrass （Bromus inermis） nitrogen （N2） fixation nitrogen partitioning,15N mixture monoculture

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Comparing growth and fine root distribution in monocultures and mixed plantations of hybrid poplar and spruce

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 247-254页

作者： Lahcen Benomar Annie DesRochers Guy R. Larocque Chaire industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM en aménagement forestier durable. Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue Natural Resources Canada Laurentian Forestry Centre

Disease prevention, biodiversity, productivity improvement and ecological considerations are all factors that contribute to increasing interest in mixed plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate early growth and productivity of two hybrid poplar clones, P. balsamifera x trichocarpa （PBT） and P. maximowiczii x balsamifera （PMB）, one improved family of Norway spruce （Picea glauca （PA）） and one improved family of white spruce （Picea abies （PG）） growing under different spacings in monocultures and mixed plots. The plantations were established in 2003 in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada, in a split plot design with spacing as the whole plot factor （1 × 1 m, 3 × 3 m and 5 × 5 m） and mixture treatments as subplot factor （pure： PBT, PMB, PA and PG, and 1：1 mixture PBT：PA, PBT：PG, PMB：PA and PMB：PG）. Results showed a beneficial effect of the hybrid poplar-spruce mixture on diameter growth for hybrid poplar clones, but not for the 5 × 5 m spacing because of the relatively young age of the plantations. Diameter growth of the spruces decreased in mixed plantings in the 1 × 1 m, while their height growth increased, resulting in similar aboveground biomass per tree across treatments. Because of the large size differences between spruces and poplars, aboveground biomass in the mixed plantings was generally less than that in pure poplar plots. Leaf nitrogen concentration for the two spruce families and hybrid poplar clone PMB was greater in mixed plots than in monocultures, while leaf nitrogen concentration of clone PBT was similar among mixture treatments. Because of its faster growth rate and greater soil resources demands, clone PMB was the only one showing an increase in leaf N with increased spacing between trees. Fine roots density was greater for both hybrid poplars than spruces. The vertical distribution of fine roots was insensitive to mixture treatment.

关键词： Picea glauca Populus balsamifera × trichocarpa P. maximowiczii × balsamifera mixed-species monoculture spacing fine root

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What is the value of eucalyptus monocultures for the biodiversity of the Atlantic forest? A multitaxa study in southern Bahia, Brazil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 263-272页

作者： Pedro Luís Bernardo da Rocha Blandina Felipe Viana Márcio Zikán Cardoso Amada Mariana Costa de Melo Misonete Gueidneli Cavalcanti Costa Rodrigo Nogueira de Vasconcelos Tatiana Bichara Dantas Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Bar o de Jeremoabo

Eucalyptus plantations are increasing in Brazil, frequently replacing pastures, but there is still scarce information about its capacity to maintain the fauna of neighbor forest remnants. In this study, we compared descriptors of the communities of leaf litter organisms （lizards, anurans, myriapods, arachnids, orthopterans, coleopterans, and ants） between a large remnant of primary Atlantic Forest and an adjacent eucalyptus monoculture （phase 1）. Then, we compared the same descriptors for leaf litter lizards and anurans, Euglossini bees, and frugivorous butterflies among the largest remnant, small remnants at intermediate regeneration stage, and eucalyptus monocultures that were not adjacent to the largest remnant （phase 2）. monocultures were sampled immediately before logging. In phase 1, we detected significant differences in structure between the forest and the monoculture in six out of seven communities sampled. Ca. 81% of the species of the landscape were recorded in the forest, but only 54% of these were found also in the monoculture. In phase 2, the structure of two out of four forest communities was significantly different from the structure of small remnants and monocultures. On average, 76% of the species found in the whole landscape were sampled in the forest. Out of this subset, on average 74% of the species were also sampled in small remnants and 68% in monocultures. Findings of the present study point out a moderate capacity of eucalyptus monocultures to harbor species of the forest fauna even when fully grown but highlights the opportunity that they might offer for increasing connectivity in anthropogenic forest landscapes depending on their management.

关键词： Atlantic forest monoculture biodiversity

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Photosynthetic pigments accumulation and some growth indices of cowpea, maize and tomato in response to interspecific and intraspecific competition stress

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第2期9卷 120-126页

作者： Ezekiel Dare Olowolaju Adekunle Ajayi Adelusi Department of Botany Faculty of Science Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Osun state Nigeria

This study aimed at investigating the photosynthetic pigment accumulation and some growth indices of cowpea, maize and tomato in response to interspecific and intraspecific competition stress. The study was carried out under a screen-house to minimize extraneous factors such as pests and rodents using a randomized complete block design(RCBD). Seeds of cowpea, maize and tomato were collected from the Department of Crop Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture,Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun state, Nigeria. These seeds were planted at a depth of about 3 mm below the soil. The seeds were sown at the rate of six seeds per pot in the monoculture, while in the pots designed for the mixed culture of maize and cowpea, maize and tomato, cowpea and tomato, three seeds of each plant were sown. Two seeds of each plant were sown in the pots with the three crops. The treatments were then supplied with 500 m L of tap water in the morning and in the evening respectively until the seedlings become fully established. The photosynthetic pigments were determined spectrophotometrically with three replicates. Plant growth indices were determined according to Hunts(1978) using leaf area and dry matter data collected at four and six weeks after planting. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical analytical software SAS version 9.2. The results indicated that photosynthetic pigments accumulation(Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid) in maize(15.98, 23.92 and 44.72 μM), Chlorophyll b and carotenoid in tomato plants(12.48 and 1,178.7μM) in the sole stands were more than the mixed culture of maize with cowpea and tomato(7.195, 14.74 and 0.00 μM).Also, total Chlorophyll in maize(1,127.8 μM), Chlorophyll a and total Chlorophyll in tomato(3.95 and 1,317.5 μM) in the mixed culture were more than in the sole culture of maize(1,030.9 μM) and tomato plants(-9.40 and 546.3 μM). The different photosynthetic pigments accumulated in cowpea were greatly enhanced in the mixed culture than in the sole culture.All the photosynthet

关键词： pigments competition growth monoculture intercropping

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Diversity and endophytic fungal composition in Ananas comosus(L.)Merr.var queen cultivar isolated from three different growing conditions

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 310-319页

作者： Bhattacharya S Debnath S Saha AK Department of Botany M.B.B.CollegeAgartala-799004TripuraIndia Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory Department of BotanyTripura UniversitySuryamaninagar-799022TripuraIndia

Present study deals with the isolation of endophytic fungi from leaf and root explants of Ananus comosus var queen from three growing conditions i.***.wild,cultivated as monoculture and cultivated as mixed cropping system with rubber plants.A total of twenty-nine endophytic fungal strains along with two nonsporulating forms were isolated from the host plant from three experimental plots.The maximum numbers of fungal strains were found belong to family Aspergillaceae and order Eurotiales.The highest rates of colonization and isolation(pmonoculture(1.02±0.01),respectively.The highest relative frequency was observed among isolated fungal strains in the case of Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from the leaf and root of wild(26.22%)and monoculture(29.62%)explants.In L.theobromae and Aspergillus flavus,isolated from the leaf and roots of wild(21.66%)and monoculture(14.66%)explants showed the highest colonization frequency.Current findings showed that the distribution of fungal endophytes and their relative frequency in host plants vary in three different growing conditions.

关键词： Colonization frequency Fungal endophytes Mixed cropping monoculture Pineapple

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The Use of Rice Varietal Diversity for Rice Blast Control

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第4期2卷 400-408页

作者： ZHUYou-yong CHENHai-ru FANJing-hua WANGYun-yue LIYan FANJin-xiang YANGShi-sheng MAGuan-liang CHENJian-bin LIZuo-shen LUBao-rong KeyLaboratoryofAgricultureBiodiversityorPlantDiseaseManagement MinistryofEducation/keyLaboratoryofPlantPathologyYunnanAgricultrualUniversityKunnming650201P.R.China KeyLaboratoryforBiodiversityScienceandEcologicalEngineering MinistryofEducation/InstituteofBiodiversityScienceFudanUniversityShanghai200433P.R.China

Field experiments of mixed- (intercropping) and pure-planting (monoculture) of four rice varieties, representing improved hybrid varieties (Shanyou63 and Shanyou22) and high-quality traditional varieties (Huangkenuo and Zigu) from Yunnan Province, were conducted based on their differences in genetic background and agro-economical characteristics. The results demonstrated that the mixed-planting of the hybrid rice and high-quality traditional rice varieties had a significantly greater effect on controlling rice blast disease than the monoculture of these varieties, particularly the traditional ones. It is evident for the highly susceptible traditional varieties in mixed-planting to achieve disease control, with significant decreases in blast incidences and severity indexes. The blast control efficiency reached up to 83-98% under such planting model. This suggests that an appropriate mixed-planting of rice varieties with diverse genetic background and agro-economical characteristics is an effective approach for rice blast control. In addition, resistance of the traditional rice varieties to lodging was considerably increased in the plots with mixed-planting, compared with the plots with monoculture. The average rate of grain-yield increase ranged from 6. 5 to 9.7% in the plots with mixed-planting.

关键词： Rice Mixed-planting monoculture Variety diversity Rice blast control Yield

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