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p-Type CaFe_2O_4 semiconductor nanorods controllably synthesized by molten salt method

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第3期25卷 381-386页

作者： Xin Liu Junzhe Jiang Yushuai Jia Ailing Jin Xiangshu Chen Fei Zhang Hongxian Han Jiangxi Inorganic Membrane Materials Engineering Research Centre College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy

Pure phase, regular shape and well crystallized nanorods of p-type semiconductor CaFeOhave been fabricated for the first time by a facile molten salt assisted method, as confirmed by XRD, TEM, SEM and HRTEM. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and Mott–Schottky plots show that the band structure of the CaFeOnanorods is narrower than that of the CaFeOnanoparticles synthesized by conventional method. The enhancement of the visible-light absorption is due to narrowness of the band gap in CaFeOnanorods. The appropriate ratio between the molten salt and the CaFeOprecursors plays an important role in inhibiting the growth of the crystals along the(201) plane to give the desired nanorod morphology. This work not only demonstrates that highly pure p-type CaFeOsemiconductor with tunable band structure and morphology could be obtained using the molten salt strategy, but also affirms that the bandgap of a semiconductor may be tunable by monitoring the growth of a particular crystal ***, the facile eutectic molten salt method developed in this work may be further extended to fabricate some other semiconductor nanomaterials with a diversity of morphologies.

关键词： p-Type semiconductor CaFe_2O_4 nanorods molten salt Crystal plane Visible-light absorption

A Novel High Temperature Apparatus for in situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies of molten salt

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分析测试学报 2024年第10期43卷 1608-1617页

作者： CAO Hui-li GAO Mei Andebet G.Tamirat ZHAO Hong-bin ZHOU Xing-tai HUANG Yu-ying LEI Qi WEN Wen Department of Chemistry College of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Department of Chemistry Kotebe University of EducationAddis Ababa 31248Ethiopia Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

This study demonstrates the design and application of a novel high temperature rotatory apparatus for insitu synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of molten salts,facilitating investigation into the interaction between various structural materials and molten *** apparatus enables accurate detection of every phase change during hightemperature experiments,including strong reaction processes like *** salts,such as chlorides or fluo⁃rides,together with the structure materials,are inserted into either quartz or boron nitride capillaries,where X-ray diffraction pattern can be continuously collected,as the samples are heated to high *** replacement re⁃action,when molten ZnCl2 are etching Ti3AlC2,can be clearly observed through changes in diffraction peak intensity as well as expansion in c-axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal matrix,due to the larger atomic number and ionic ra⁃dius of Zn2+.Furthermore,we investigated the high-temperature corrosion process when GH3535 alloy is in FLiNaK molten salt,and can help to optimize its stability for potential applications in molten salt ***,this high temperature apparatus is fully compatible with the combined usage of X-ray diffraction and Raman technique,providing both bulk and surface structural *** high temperature apparatus has been open to users and is extensively used at BL14B1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.

关键词： in-situ X-ray diffraction rotary micro-diffractometer rotary high-temperature apparatus molten salt

molten-salt synthesis of porous La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O2.9 perovskite as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4796-4805页

作者： Sanzhao Song Jing Zhou Shuo Zhang Linjuan Zhang Jiong Li Yu Wang Ling Han Youwen Long Zhiwei Hu Jian-Oiang Wang Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100190 China Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Nothnitzer Strasse 40 Dresden 01187 Germany

The development of an efficient and low-cost electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction （OER） via an eco-efficient route is a desirable, although challenging, outcome for overall water splitting. Herein, an iron-rich La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O2.9 （LSCF28） perovskite with an open porous topographic structure was developed as an electrocatalyst by a straightforward molten-salt synthesis approach. It was found that porosity correlates with both the iron content and the molten-salt approach. Benefiting from the large surface area, high activity of the porous internal surface, and the optimal electronic configuration of redox sites, this inexpensive material exhibits high performance with a large mass activity of 40.8A·g^-1 at a low overpotential of 0.345 V in 0.1 M KOH, surpassing the state-of-the-art precious metal IrO2 catalyst and other well-known perovskites, such as Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 and SRCoO2.7. Our work illustrates that the molten- salt method is an effective route to generate porous structures in perovskite oxides, which is important for energy conversion and storage devices.

关键词： iron-rich perovskite oxygen evolution reaction energy storage and conversion molten salt

Preparation of RE-containing magnesium alloys via molten-salt-mediated magnesiothermic reduction

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第3期11卷 981-990页

作者： Zhimin Zhang Xuchen Lu Yan Yan State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex systems Institution of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of ScienceHaidian DistrictBeijing 100190PR China

RE-containing magnesium alloys were prepared via molten-salt-mediated magnesiothermic reduction by using RE_(2)O_(3)(RE=Y,Nd and Gd)and Mg metal as raw *** thermomechanical analysis of the magnesiothermic reduction reactions in molten salt was *** the molten-salt-mediated magnesiothermic reduction process was studied from three different *** that,the RE-containing magnesium alloy was characterized by using chemical analysis,XRD analysis and SEM *** magnesiothermic reduction was a liquid-liquid reaction with relatively weak driving *** the melting process and the magnesiothermic reduction process,magnesium metal and the obtained alloy went up and down as a whole in molten salt,which improved the process safety without introducing chloride ***,the hydrolysis of the RECl_(3^(-))containing molten salt occurred at elevated temperature,which severely impeded the magnesiothermic reduction *** the magnesiothermic reduction at 750°C for 2.0 h,the content of RE and the common impurity elements in the obtained RE-containing alloy met the both requirements of the commercial WE43A and WE43B.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Rare earth Magnesiothermic reduction molten salt

Utilization of molten chloride salt derived from MSWI fly ash washing as energy storage material:thermophysical properties and corrosion behavior

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第3期4卷 193-203页

作者： Mi Yan Yayong Yang Jiahao Jiang Rendong Zheng Yi Ma Mohammad Khalid Haryo Wibowo Institute of Energy and Power Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China Hangzhou Linjiang Environmental Energy Co.Ltd. Hangzhou311225China Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group(GAMRG) School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityBandar Sunway47500Malaysia

Fly ash,as a byproduct of municipal solid waste incineration,contains several kinds of pollutants,especially dissolvable salts that cause a severe challenge for fly ash *** combined with cement kiln co-processing for fly ash disposal has been applied in *** washing,the wastewater was evaporated to produce fly ash salt(FAS).In this study,FAS was mixed the KCl and LiCl to be used as molten chloride salt for energy storage ***-three types of molten salts with various ratios of FAS-KCl-LiCl were *** properties(melting point and latent heat)and thermal stability of these salts were *** increase in FAS fraction decreased the latent heat of molten *** the tested samples,the best compatibility ratio of FAS:KCl:LiCl was 10:50:40(%,in weight),with latent heat of 108.7 J/g and melting point of 333℃.This molten salt also showed good thermal stability after 1–13 h of thermal experiments,and the mass loss was less than 2%after 5 heating cycles at 600℃.By corrosion test,FAS-KCl-LiCl(10:50:40,%in weight)could be more safely used in vessels made of nickel-based alloy,but it might cause corrosion risk for stainless steel.

关键词： Fly ash molten salt Latent heat Stability Corrosion

molten salts Strategy for the Synthesis of CoP Nanoparticles Entrapped,N,P co-Doped Mesoporous Carbons as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第1期38卷 237-242页

作者： XU Jing MIAO Sijia TANG Duihai ZHANG Wenting ZHAO Zhen QIAO Zhen-An Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012P.R.China

Amolten salt process was developed to prepare CoP nanoparticles(NPs) embedded, N,P co-doped carbons with the combination of hand milling and high temperature carbonization. The characterization results implied that the as-prepared samples possessed mesoporous structures. Moreover, the mass ratios of the precursors affected the crystalline structures and the porosities of the final electrocatalysts. The as-prepared catalysts exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performances towards hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) under acidic and alkaline conditions. The as-prepared samples were designed as GxMyCoz, where x, y and z meant the amounts of glucose, melamine and CoCl2, respectively. The optimum sample of G6.0M2.0Co5.0 showed the best HER property with a low onset overpotential and a small Tafel slope, as well as excellent electrocatalytic stability.

关键词： CoP nanoparticle Mesopore N P co-doped carbon Hydrogen evolution reaction molten salt

Silicon prepared by electro-reduction in molten salts as new energy materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 46-61,I0002页

作者： Tingting Jiang Xinyi Xu George Z.Chen The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy College of Materials and MetallurgyWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Electrochemical Technologies Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG27RDUK Electrochemical Technologies Group Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina

Silicon has a large impact on the energy supply and economy in the modern world. In industry, high purity silicon is firstly prepared by carbothermic reduction of silica with the produced raw silicon being further refined by a modified Siemens method. This process suffers from the disadvantages of high cost and contaminant release and emission. As an alternative, the molten salt electrolysis approach, particularly the FFC Cambridge Process(FFC: Fray-Farthing-Chen), could realize high purity silicon products with morphology-controllable nanostructures at low or mild temperatures(generally 650–900 ℃). In this article, we review the development, reaction mechanisms, and electrolysis conditions of silicon production by the FFC Cambridge Process. Applications of the silicon products from electrolysis in molten salts are also discussed in terms of energy applications, including using them as the photovoltaic element in solar cells and as the charge storage phase in the negative electrode(negatrode) of lithium ion batteries.

关键词： Electrolysis molten salt Silicon Nanomaterial Li ion battery Solar cell

Electrical conductivity optimization of the Na3AlF6–Al2O3–Sm2O3 molten salts system for Al–Sm intermediate binary alloy production

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第9期24卷 1034-1042页

作者： Chun-fa Liao Yun-fen Jiao Xu Wang Bo-qing Cai Qiang-chao Sun Hao Tang Institute of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology

Metal Sm has been widely used in making Al–Sm magnet alloy materials. Conventional distillation technology to produce Sm has the disadvantages of low productivity, high costs, and pollution generation. The objective of this study was to develop a molten salt electrolyte system to produce Al–Sm alloy directly, with focus on the electrical conductivity and optimal operating conditions to minimize the energy consumption. The continuously varying cell constant(CVCC) technique was used to measure the conductivity for the Na3AlF6–AlF3–LiF–MgF2–Al2O3–Sm2O3electrolysis medium in the temperature range from 905 to 1055°C. The temperature(t) and the addition of Al2O3(W(Al2O3)), Sm2O3(W(Sm2O3)), and a combination of Al2O3and Sm2O3into the basic fluoride system were examined with respect to their effects on the conductivity(κ) and activation energy. The experimental results showed that the molten electrolyte conductivity increases with increasing temperature(t) and decreases with the addition of Al2O3or Sm2O3or both. We concluded that the optimal operation conditions for Al–Sm intermediate alloy production in the Na3AlF6–AlF3–LiF–MgF2–Al2O3–Sm2O3system are W(Al2O3) + W(Sm2O3) = 3wt%, W(Al2O3):W(Sm2O3) = 7:3, and a temperature of 965 to 995°C, which results in satisfactory conductivity, low fluoride evaporation losses, and low energy consumption.

关键词： aluminium oxide samarium oxide molten salt electrical conductivity regression analysis Al–Sm intermediate alloy

Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Frictional Resistance of Two Types of molten salts in Straight Channels and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Airfoil Channels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1443-1457页

作者： WANG Yanquan LU Yuanwei GAO Qi LI Feng MA Yancheng WANG Yuanyuan WU Yuting MOE Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy ConversionBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

molten salt and supercritical carbon dioxide(sCO_(2))are considered to be one of the most promising combined heat transfer refrigerants for third-generation solar thermal power *** evaluate the potential of chloride salts and carbonates in third-generation solar thermal power generation,this paper uses molten salts and sCO_(2)as the working media of printed circuit board heat exchangers(PCHE),and uses numerical simulation to study the heat transfer and friction of PCHE channels with different molten salts and sCO_(2),and establishes predictive correlations respectively.A local heat transfer and friction study was conducted on the sCO_(2)side of the airfoil channel,and it was found that the inlet mass flow rate has a significant impact on it,while the inlet temperature has a relatively small impact.A comprehensive comparison was made between the heat transfer and friction of two molten salts,and the comprehensive performance of chloride salts was 70%-80%higher than that of *** results indicate that the potential of chloride salts in third-generation solar thermal power generation is much greater than that of carbonates.

关键词： third generation solar thermal power generation sCO_(2) PCHE molten salt