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Experimental Study on the molten salt at Micron Scale during the Melting Process

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 70-85页

作者： TIAN Ziqian LIAO Zhirong XU Chao FANG Yongzhe JIANG Kaijun YUAN Mengdi Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The investigation of the melting behaviors of the molten salt at micron scale during the melting process is critical for explaining the solid-liquid phase transition *** this paper,a novel experimental system and analysis method were proposed to study the melting process with three heating rates in the range of1-10℃/min of the solar salt at micron *** solid-liquid boundary morphology and phase transition kinetics of molten salt particles were focused ***,the correlations between liquid fraction,temperature and time under different heating rates were *** solid-liquid boundary morphology was depicted by the visualized experimental set-up,and the instantaneous liquid volume fraction during the non-isothermal phase transition was ***,the correlation between temperature and liquid volume fraction was proposed to reveal the evolution of the solid-liquid boundary with temperature at different heating ***,the non-isothermal phase transition kinetic equation was established by introducing a constant parameter(V_(a,b)),and more kinetic parameters such as 1g V_(a,b) and-lg V_(a,b)/b were *** results showed that the exponent b is not sensitive to the heating rate with a range of 3-5 for solar salt ***,the heating rate influences the value of V_(a,b) and presents a positive ***,the non-isothermal phase transition kinetic equations at different heating rates in the range of 1-10℃/min can be quickly predicted by the proposed improved experimental test *** study could fill the research insufficiency and provide significant guidance for future research on the solid-liquid transition mechanism of molten salts at micron scale.

关键词： molten salt non-isothermal phase transition solid-liquid boundary morphology liquid volume fraction micron scale melting process

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and molten salt

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第3期30卷 880-891页

作者： LAO Jiewei FU Qianmei WANG Weilong DING Jing LU Jianfeng School of Material Science and Engineering/School of Intelligent Systems Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

molten salt and supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2))are important high temperature heat transfer media,but molten salt/S-CO_(2) heat exchanger has been seldom *** present paper,heat transfer in printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE)with molten salt and S-CO_(2) is simulated and *** S-CO_(2) can be drove along passage wall by strong buoyancy force with large density difference,its heat transfer is enhanced by natural *** inlet region,natural convection weakens along flow direction with decreasing Richardson number,and the thermal boundary layer becomes thicker,so local heat transfer coefficient of S-CO_(2) significantly *** outlet region,turbulent kinetic energy gradually increases,and then heat transfer coefficient increases for turbulent heat transfer *** with transcritical CO_(2) with lower inlet temperature,local heat transfer coefficient of S-CO_(2) near inlet is lower for smaller Richardson number,while it will be higher for larger turbulent kinetic energy near *** of PCHE is mainly determined by the pressure drop in molten salt passage and the heat transfer resistance in S-CO_(2) *** molten salt passage width increases,molten salt pressure drop significantly decreases,and overall heat transfer coefficient slightly changes,so the comprehensive performance of PCHE is *** a result,PCHE unit with three semicircular passages and one semi-elliptic passage has better performance.

关键词： heat exchanger molten salt supercritical carbon dioxide numerical simulation

Synthesis of vanadium powder by magnesiothermic reduction of V_(2)O_(3)in a reactive molten salt

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第4期30卷 650-659页

作者： Da-peng Zhong Gui-shang Pei Jia-long Kang Jun-yi Xiang Cheng Pan Wu-an Gu Xue-wei Lv Lan-jie Li Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vanadium-Titanium Metallurgy and New Materials Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Pangang Group Research Institute Co. Ltd.Panzhihua 617000SichuanChina College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chengde Iron and Steel Group Co. Ltd.HBIS Group Co.Ltd.Chengde 067102HebeiChina

As an important strategic metal,vanadium is generally used to prepare special steels,titanium alloys,and hydrogen storage materials.A new method of producing vanadium(metal)powder from V_(2)O_(3)using block Mg is presented *** an auxiliary molten salt,V_(2)O_(3)was successfully transformed into V by Mg *** by-product,MgO,was transformed into MgCl_(2)by adding ZrCl_(4),which prevented the generation of MgV_(2)O_(4)and allowed the reaction to proceed *** rod-like alloy phases,Zr_(0.03)V_(1.97),which formed in the presence of excess Mg,may hinder the diffusion of oxygen from the *** recovery rate of vanadium after separation and purification was approximately 45%–50%,where the main loss occurred during ball *** the optimal conditions(Mg content of 48.3%,reduction time of 1.5 h,and temperature of 850℃),the purity of vanadium exceeded 99 wt.%,and the O content decreased to 0.34 wt.%.

关键词： Deoxidation Vanadium powder Magnesiothermic reduction molten salt

Recovery and separation of rare earth elements by molten salt electrolysis

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第6期28卷 899-914页

作者： Tai-qi Yin Yun Xue Yong-de Yan Zhen-chao Ma Fu-qiu Ma Mi-lin Zhang Gui-ling Wang Min Qiu Yantai Research Institute&Graduate School Harbin Engineering UniversityYantai 264006China College of Science Heihe UniversityHeihe 164300China Zhongkexin Engineering Consulting(Beijing)Co. LtdBeijing 100039China

With the increasing demand of rare earth metals in functional materials,recovery of rare earth elements(REEs)from secondary resources has become important for the green economy *** salt electrolysis has the advantages of low water consumption and low hazardous waste during REE *** review systematically summarizes the separation and electroextraction of REEs on various reactive electrodes in different molten *** also highlights the relationship between the formed alloy phases and electrodeposition parameters,including applied potential,current,and ion ***,the feasibility of using LiF–NaF–KF electrolyte to recover REEs is evaluated through thermodynamic *** related to REE separation/recovery the choice of electrolyte are discussed in detail to realize the low-energy and high current efficiency of practical applications.

关键词： rare earth element molten salt reactive electrode electrochemical separation

Preparation of Zr-Cu Coatings on Copper Substrate Using a molten salt Method

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2023年第5期38卷 1155-1160页

作者： LI Yusha ZHANG Yingchun LIU Yanhong LI Guangbin DONG Xiaoxun l.School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Power Investment Corporation Science and Technology Research Institute Beijing 100029China

Dense zirconium coatings on copper substrates were obtained in an alumina crucible and a stainless steel crucible from FLiNaK-K_(2)ZrF_(6)molten salt at 1023 *** to the potential difierences between copper and zirconium,zirconium can difiuse into the copper substrate to form zirconium alloys on the surface of copper substrates in the course of *** coating deposited in a stainless steel crucible has a gray *** components of the coating are mainly CuZr2alloy and Cu_(10)Zr_(7)alloy,and,the outermost layer of the coating is a layer of amorphous pure *** coating deposited in an alumina crucible has a silvery white metallic *** components of the coating are mainly Cu-Zr-Al intermetallic compounds,AlCu_(2)Zr,ZrAl,AlCu and ***,two types of zirconium coatings can greatly increase the hardness of the substrate.

关键词： coating Zr-Cu molten salt intermetallic compounds

Synthesis of carbon nitride in potassium hydroxide molten salt for efficient uranium extraction from radioactive wastewater

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 89-99页

作者： Shuang Liu Junhan Luo Daniel-James Maguire Liyuan Zheng Zhe Wang Yuexiang Lu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Nuclear Research Institute for Future Technology and Policy Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK The MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Photocatalysis-assisted removal of uranium has been proven as an effective method for the elimination of radioactive pollution from *** this work,carbon nitride materials were synthesized in potassium hydroxide(KOH)molten salt and applied to photocatalytic uranyl *** materials were confirmed to possess the triazine-s-heptazine structure by NMR,XPS and UV-Vis characterization,and exhibited a wider visible light absorption than graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).The photocatalytic activity of the carbon nitride materials was tailored by varying the precursor mass *** carbon nitride obtained at 80%melamine as precursor(K-CN-80)exhibited the highest photocatalytic extraction ability and its photocatalytic reaction rate is 6.6 times faster than that of g-C_(3)N_(4).The influence of sacrificial agents was studied and the results showed that triethanolamine inhibited U(Ⅵ)photoreduction,but methanol can accelerate U(Ⅵ)photoreduction by consuming photogenerated *** unary KOH molten salt synthesis method has exceptional potential applications in the preparation of carbon nitrides,and the obtained products showed potential in extracting U(Ⅵ)from aqueous solutions for use in nuclear fuel industry and for U(Ⅵ)environmental pollution cleanup.

关键词： Uranium Carbon nitride molten salt Photocatalysis Radioactive wastewater

Efficient molten salt CO_(2)capture and selective electrochemical transformation processes toward carbon neutrality:advances,challenges,and prospects

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第11期66卷 3116-3135页

作者： Bowen Deng Huayi Yin Kaifa Du Dihua Wang School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration has reached record levels due to excessive anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions from massive industrial ***-energy-driven CO_(2)electroreduction is an effective method of directly converting CO_(2)into various value-added chemicals or materials without subsequent geological disposal *** to their promising thermal stability,wide electrochemical window,tunable oxo-basicity,and nontoxic nature,molten salt electrolytes endow intrinsic advantages,such as fast CO_(2)absorption and selective electrochemical transformation,among different electrolyte species,wherein advanced carbon materials,CO,and hydrocarbons can be generated at relatively high current ***,we review the recent advances in molten salt CO_(2)capture and electrochemical transformation(MSCC-ET)technologies,including reaction mechanisms,CO_(2)absorption kinetics,electrode reaction kinetics,and product *** review highlights feasible strategies for regulating nanostructures,carbon product crystallinity,energy efficiency,overall CO_(2)conversion efficiency,and MSCC-ET adaptability toward practical flue ***,suitable cost-effective inert anode candidates for the oxygen evolution reaction are discussed.

关键词： carbon dioxide electroreduction CO_(2)capture molten salt electrode reaction energy efficiency

Simulation of a molten salt fast reactor using the COMSOL Multiphysics software

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第12期31卷 1-19页

作者： D.H.Daher M.Kotb A.M.Khalaf Moustafa S.El-Koliel Abdelfattah Y.Soliman Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Reactors Nuclear Research CenterAtomic Energy AuthorityCairoEgypt Nuclear Engineering Department King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

In this study,COMSOL v5.2 Multiphysics software was utilized to perform coupled neutronics and thermal–hydraulics simulations of a molten salt fast reactor,and the SCALE v6.1 code package was utilized to generate the homogenized cross-section data *** library’s 238 cross-section groups were categorized into nine groups for the simulations in this *** results of the COMSOL model under no fuel flow conditions were verified using the SCALE v6.1 code results,and the results of the neutronics and thermal–hydraulics simulations were compared to the results of previously published *** results indicated that the COMSOL model that includes the cross-section library generated by the SCALE v6.1 code package is suitable for the steady-state analysis and design assessment of molten salt fast ***,this model was utilized to investigate the neutronics and thermal–hydraulics behaviors of the *** designs were simulated and analyzed in this model,and the results indicated that even if the wall of the core is curved,hot spots occur in the upper and lower portions of the core’s center near the reflectors.A new design was proposed that utilizes a flow rate distribution system,and the simulation results of this design showed that the maximum temperature in the core was approximately 1032 K and no hot spots occurred.

关键词： molten salt COMSOL SCALE Neutronics Thermal-hydraulic

Natural convection heat transfer of molten salt in a single energy storage tank

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 1244-1251页

作者： LU YuanWei YU Qiang DU WenBin WU YuTing MA ChongFang Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation Ministry of Education of China College of Environmental and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China

Heat transfer in molten salt in a cylinder tank is studied via simulation and experiment to obtain its natural convection heat transfer in a single energy storage tank. Simulation and experimental results show that the natural convection heat transfer of water in a cylinder tank fits well with Garon＇s correlation. However, significant deviations occur when Garon＇s correlation is used to predict the natural convection heat transfer of molten salt because of its high viscosity and low thermal conductivity. However, the simulated data of the natural convection heat transfer of molten salt fit well with those of the experimental results Thus, a correlation that considers the effect of variable physical properties is proposed in this study to predict the natural con- vection heat transfer of molten salt. The deviation of the present data from the proposed correlation is less than ＋20%. The re- sults of this study can serve as a basis for the design of single energy storage tanks.

关键词： tank natural convection numerical methods experiment molten salt