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Occurrence of human pathogenic viruses in drinking water and in its sources:A review

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第10期132卷 145-161页

作者： Marco Panizzolo Marta Gea Elisabetta Carraro Giorgio Gilli Silvia Bonetta Cristina Pignata Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of TorinoPiazza Polonia 9410126TorinoItaly Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torinovia Accademia Albertina 1310123TorinoItaly

Since many waterborne diseases are caused by human pathogenic viruses,virus monitoring of drinking water(DW)and DW sources is crucial for public health.Therefore,the aim of this review was to describe the occurrence of human pathogenic viruses in DW and DW sources;the occurrence of two viruses proposed as novel indicators of human faecal contamination(Peppermild mottle virus and Tobacco mosaic virus)was also reported.This research was focused on articles that assessed viral occurrence using molecular methods in the surface water used for DW production(SW-D),groundwater used for DW production(GW-D),DW and bottled-DW(BW).A total of 1544 studies published in the last 10 years were analysed,and 79 were ultimately included.In considering the detection methods,filtration is the most common concentration technique,while quantitative polymerase chain reaction is the most common quantification technique.Regarding virus occurrence in SW-D,GW-D,and DW,high percentages of positive samples were reported for adenovirus,polyomavirus and Pepper mild mottle virus.Viral genomes were frequently detected in SW-D and rarely in GW-D,suggesting that GW-D may be a safe DW source.Viral genomes were also detected in DW,posing a possible threat to human health.The lowest percentages of positive samples were found in Europe,while the highest were found in Asia and South America.Only three articles assessed viral occurrence in BW.This review highlights the lack of method standardization and the need for legislation updates.

关键词： Drinking water Enteric virus Human health Microbial water quality molecular methods Surface water

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methods used in microbial forensics and epidemiological investigations for stronger health systems

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 650-661页

作者： Arizaldo E.Castro Maria Corazon A.De Ungria Microbial Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems Laboratory Institute of BiologyUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines DNAAnalysis Laboratory Natural Sciences Research InstituteUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines Program on Biodiversity Ethnicityand ForensicsPhilippine Genome CenterUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines

This review discusses microbial forensics as an emerging science that finds application in protecting human health.It is important to distinguish naturally acquired infections from those caused by the intentional release of microorganisms to the environment.This information is crucial in formulating procedures against the spread of infectious diseases and prosecuting persons who may be involved in acts of biocrime,bioterrorism,or biowarfare.A comparison between epidemiological investigations and microbial forensic investigations is provided.In addition,a discussion on how microbial forensics strengthens health systems is included in this review.Microbial forensic investigations and epidemiologic examinations employ similar concepts and involve identifying and characterising the microbe of interest.Both fields require formulating an appropriate case definition,determining a pathogen’s mode of transmission,and identifying the source(s)of infection.However,the two subdisciplines differ in their objectives.An epidemiological investigation aims to identify the pathogen’s source to prevent the spread of the disease.Microbial forensics focuses on source-tracking to facilitate the prosecution of persons responsible for the spread of a pathogen.Both fields use molecular techniques in analysing and comparing DNA,gene products,and biomolecules to identify and characterise the microorganisms of interest.We included case studies to show methods used in microbial forensic investigations,a brief discussion of the public significance of microbial forensic systems,and a roadmap for establishing a system at a national level.This system is expected to strengthen a country’s capacity to respond to public health emergencies.Several factors must be considered in establishing national microbial forensic systems.First is the inherent ubiquity,diversity,and adaptability of microorganisms that warrants the use of robust and accurate molecular typing systems.Second,the availability of facilities and scientists who have been trained in epid

关键词： Forensic sciences microbial forensics epidemiology infectious diseases molecular methods health system resilience microbial forensic systems

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Integrating omics technologies for improved quality and safety of seafood products

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第4期8卷 457-462页

作者： Deborah M Power Petros Taoukis Dimitra Houhoula Theofania Tsironi Emmanouil Flemetakis Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group Centro de Ciencias do MarUniversity of AlgarveFaroPortugal International Institution of Marine Science Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of AthensGreece University of West Attica School of Food SciencesDepartment of Food Science&TechnologyGreece Agricultural University of Athens Department of Food Science and Human NutritionLaboratory of Food Process EngineeringGreece Agricultural University of Athens Department of BiotechnologyLaboratory of Molecular BiologyGreece

An essential aspect of product quality of aquatic foods is the rapid and accurate identification of bacterial species.From this perspective omics technologies prove to be very useful in the assessment of the quality and safety of seafood products.Such technologies can identify and detect low levels of contamination by pathogenic and spoilage bacteria and can be used to study the effects caused by processing and storage of seafood products.The integration of food processing with the monitoring of the microbial characteristics using conventional microbiological assays,coupled to molecular techniques may establish the baseline for the development of quicker and more sensitive and reliable methods for seafood safety screening.The use of combined omics technologies,including metagenomics,proteomics and metabolomics,coupled to conventional quality indices such as colour,texture and flavour offer a new tool for novel processing optimization to ensure seafood quality.The aim of this brief review is to outline how omics technologies can generate novel tools for integration into seafood processing and quality control.Considering that the main aspect of the review is the improvement of safety and quality of the final product,from production to consumption,emphasis is given to microbial identification and metabolite detection,the evaluation of the allergenic capacity of fish and seafood and optimization of postharvest processing.Deployment of omics for identification of potential microalgal products of relevance to seafood quality and safety is also considered.

关键词： Microbiome Proteome Fish Microalgae Seafood Quality molecular methods

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methods for the diagnosis of bacterial fish diseases

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2019年第1期1卷 41-49页

作者： Brian Austin Institute of Aquaculture University of StirlingStirling FK94LAScotlandUK

The diagnosis of bacterial fish diseases has progressed from traditional culture・dependent methods involving the recoveryof pathogens on agar-containing media and identification by examination of phenotypic traits. Newer approaches centreon culture-independent approaches. A problem with culturing is that it lacks sensitivity, tends to be slow, and its successdepends on the composition of the media and incubation conditions employed. In contrast, culture-independent methods,now centring on molecular methods, are highly specific and sensitive. This raises an important issue that detection of verylow numbers of bacterial cells does not necessarily imply the presence of clinical disease. Positivity could reflect backgroundpopulations of the pathogen that may be present in the aquatic environment.

关键词： Culturing Phenotyping Serology molecular methods Rapid techniques

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Detection of two pathogenic marine ciliates Ancistrum haliotis and A. crassum(Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) by fluorescence in situ hybridization

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第12期39卷 90-94页

作者： Zifeng Zhan Kuidong Xu Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The scuticociliatid ciliates Ancistrum haliotis and A.crassum are parasites that may cause high mortality in the cultured abalone Haliotis spp.and the bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum.Traditional identification with silver staining methods is hampered by their morphological similarities to closely related species and the complicated procedures of morphological analysis.We designed two SSU rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes labeled with a fluorochrome,and optimized the fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)protocols for identification of A.halioti and A.crassum,respectively.The assays resulted in a clear identification by strong fluorescence signals from the oligonucleotide probes.The method can be used for quick and accurate quantitative analysis of A.haliotis and A.crassum infections on host molluscs.

关键词： oligonucleotide probes molecular methods scuticociliates SSU rRNA abalone mollusc

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First report of isolation of Nocardia otitidiscaviarum from hospital water

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第7期4卷 573-574页

作者： Shojaei Hasan Rahdar Hossein Ali Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Department of Microbiology School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Nocardia otitidiscaviarum DSM43242 was first isolated as a novel species in 1924 from infected middle ear of guinea pig.Since then,there have only been a lot number additional reports for example from Spain,the USA,French and Japan,on the isolation of this species from clinical specimens such as pulmonary infection,disseminated infection,cutaneous infection and primary brain abscess.Nocardia infection is mainly associated with immunocompromised patients,but sometimes may appear in healthy humans.We herein present the first report on isolation of this organism from hospital water,which represents the environmental resources as a source of risk for people especially the hospital environment.The isolate NR4 was subjected to identification by conventional phenotypic tests such as resistance to lysozyme and molecular tests including genus-specific PCR for Nocardia based on partial 16S rDNA gene and sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA.Our finding of 16S rDNA gene sequence of the studied strain were identical and showed 100%similarties with those of Nocardia otitidiscaviarum.

关键词： Nocardia Water resources Hospitals molecular methods 16S rDNA

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