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Vultures as a model for testing molecular adaptations of dietary specialization in birds

Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 425-434页

作者： Yanhong Chen Ling Xiang Pan Chen Huabin Zhao Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu241000China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Ministry of EducationSchool of Ecology and EnvironmentTibet UniversityLhasa850000China

Vultures are the only obligate scavengers among extant *** provide valuable ecological services in ecosystems through removing carcasses,thus preventing the growth of other scavenger populations and the spread of ***,their specific diets expose them to various deadly pathogens,which makes them potential candidates for studying molecular adaptations required to survive this extremely specialized scavenging *** this review,we summarize the morphological characteristics and behavioral habits,origin and phylogeny,and molecular adaptations to scavenging in both Old and New World *** two groups of vultures share a similar appearance,indicative of convergent *** have experienced different degrees of specialization in their sensory organs;Old World vultures depend on sight,while New World ones depend on both smell and *** fossil records and molecular data suggest that vultures evolved independently,with distinct phylogenetic *** also explored their adaptation to scavenging in facial and intestinal microbiomes,gastric acid secretion and *** with the facial microbiome,the intestinal microbiome had a lower diversity,dominated by Fusobacteria and *** phages and single invertebrate species Adineta vaga,which feeds on dead bacteria and protozoa,present in the gut suggest a possible alternative defense *** genes involved in gastric acidic secretion(including ATP4B,SLC26A7 and SST)and immunity(including BCL6,STING,and TLRs) undergoing positive selection likely have essential roles in eliminating invasive pathogens and initiating an innate immune *** together,this review presents the current research status of vultures and highlights the use of vultures as a model for exploring molecular adaptations of dietary specialization in *** also provides a theoretical basis for the study of the genetic mechanisms of vultures to scavenging,and contributes to the

关键词： Vultures Scavenging molecular adaptation Microbiomes Gastric acidic secretion Immunity

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Perspectives on studying molecular adaptations of amphibians in the genomic era

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Zoological Research 2020年第4期41卷 351-364页

作者： Yan-Bo Sun Yi Zhang Kai Wang Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma 73072USA

Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary *** use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this issue,as well as other aspects of evolutionary biology,including molecular adaptation,speciation,and even conservation of endangered *** the well-recognized advantages,usages of genomic data are still limited to non-mammal vertebrate groups,partly due to the difficulties in assembling large or highly heterozygous *** this is particularly the case for amphibians,nonetheless,several comparative and population genomic analyses have shed lights into the speciation and adaptation processes of amphibians in a complex landscape,giving a promising hope for a wider application of genomics in the previously believed challenging groups of *** the same time,these pioneer studies also allow us to realize numerous challenges in studying the molecular adaptations and/or phenotypic evolutionary mechanisms of *** this review,we first summarize the recent progresses in the study of adaptive evolution of amphibians based on genomic data,and then we give perspectives regarding how to effectively identify key pathways underlying the evolution of complex traits in the genomic era,as well as directions for future research.

关键词： molecular adaptation Gene subnetwork Phenotypic evolution Transposable element Amphibians

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