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Modulation of macrophage polarization by iron-based nanoparticles

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Medical Review 2023年第2期3卷 105-122页

作者： He Ding Yuxin Zhang Yu Mao Yan Li Yan Shen Jingyi Sheng Ning Gu Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009JiangsuChina Medical School Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Macrophage polarization is an essential process involved in immune regulation.In response to different microenvironmental stimulation,macrophages polarize into cells with different phenotypes and functions,most typically M1(pro-inflammatory)and M2(anti-inflammatory)macrophages.Iron-based nanoparticles have been widely explored and reported to regulatemacrophage polarization for various biomedical applications.However,the influence factors and Modulation mechanisms behind are complicated and not clear.In this review,we systemically summarized different iron-based nanoparticles that regulate macrophage polarization and function and discussed the influence factors and mechanisms underlying the Modulation process.This review aims to deepen the understanding of the Modulation of macrophage polarization by iron-based nanoparticles and expects to provide evidence and guidance for subsequent design and application of iron-based nanoparticles with specific macrophage Modulation functions.

关键词： influence factors iron-based nanoparticles macrophage polarization mechanism Modulation

A corona Modulation device structure and mechanism based on perovskite quantum dots random laser pumped using an electron beam

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2020年第3期13卷 291-302页

作者： Yan ZHU Yining MU Fanqi TANG Peng DU Hang REN School of Science Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130022China

Although laser pumping using electron beam(EB)has high transient power output and easy Modulation based on perovskite quantum dot(PQD)film,its lasing emitting direction is the same as the pumped EB's direction.Thus,realizing the conventional direct device structure through the film lasing mechanism is extremely difficult.Therefore,using the random lasing principle,herein,we proposed a corona Modulation device structure based on PQDs random laser pumped using an EB.We discussed and stimulated the optimized designed method of the device in terms of parameters of the electronic optical device and the utilization ratio of output power and its Modulation extinction ratio,respectively.According to the simulation results,this type of device structure can effectively satisfy the new random lasing mechanism in terms of high-speed and high-power Modulation.

关键词： corona Modulation perovskite quantum dot(PQD) random laser electron beam(EB)

The hypothalamic-spinal dopaminergic system:a target for pain Modulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 925-930页

作者： Michelino Puopolo Department of Anesthesiology Stony Brook Medicine

Nociceptive signals conveyed to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by primary nociceptors are subject to extensive Modulation by local neurons and by supraspinal descending pathways to the spinal cord before being relayed to higher brain centers. Descending modulatory pathways to the spinal cord comprise,among others, noradrenergic, serotonergic, γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic, and dopaminergic fibers.The contributions of noradrenaline, serotonin, and GABA to pain Modulation have been extensively investigated. In contrast, the contributions of dopamine to pain Modulation remain poorly understood.The focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the contributions of dopamine to pain Modulation. Hypothalamic A11 dopaminergic neurons project to all levels of the spinal cord and provide the main source of spinal dopamine. Dopamine receptors are expressed in primary nociceptors as well as in spinal neurons located in different laminae in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, suggesting that dopamine can modulate pain signals by acting at both presynaptic and postsynaptic targets. Here, I will review the literature on the effects of dopamine and dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists on the excitability of primary nociceptors, the effects of dopamine on the synaptic transmission between primary nociceptors and dorsal horn neurons, and the effects of dopamine on pain in rodents. Published data support both anti-nociceptive effects of dopamine mediated by D2-like receptors and pro-nociceptive effects mediated by D1-like receptors.

关键词： A11 nucleus descending Modulation dopamine dorsal horn dorsal root ganglia D2 receptors D1 receptors nociceptors pain spinal cord

Preparation and Modulation of a novel thin-walled carbon foam

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第2期29卷 281-287页

作者： Zhihong Qin Peng Chang Lingling Ma Lianghui Bu Zhaolan Song School of Chemical Engineering and Technology China University of Mining & Technology

By foaming and carbonization processes under atmospheric pressure, a novel thin-walled carbon foam with developed foam structure was successfully prepared from loose medium component(LMC) separated from raw coal by extraction and back-extraction method. The influences of foaming time, carbonization time, and micromolecule content on foam structure were investigated by scanning electron microscope and mercury injection data. Moreover, foaming mechanism of LMC was analyzed and expounded. The results showed that spherical pores and uniform ultrathin pore walls constitute threedimensional foam structure of carbon foam and foam structure is developed with well connectivity.The effects of foaming time, carbonization time, and micromolecule content on foam structure are significant. Especially, average pore diameters of carbon foams prepared from the extracts of LMC are much smaller. With the rise of extraction rate, average pore diameter decreases and pore size distribution is more concentrated on the aperture section of 0–10 μm.

关键词： Carbon foam Loose medium component Ultrathin pore walls Preparation Modulation

Modulation of driving signals in flow control over an airfoil with synthetic jet

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2020年第12期33卷 3138-3148页

作者： Zhiyong LIU Zhenbing LUO Qiang LIU Yan ZHOU College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center Mianyang 621000China

A new skill of modulating driving signals of a synthetic jet with low frequency is introduced to enhance the control authority.Based on dynamic mesh technique,the effect of flow control over a NACA0015 airfoil with a Synthetic Jet Actuator(SJA)has been investigated.The SJA is located at x/c=10%,and two jet injection angles of 90°and 30°have been considered.Flow structures indicate that Modulation with low frequency can reduce the dissipation rate of vortices after they shed off the surface.Thus aerodynamic performance of the airfoil could be improved.For the injection angle of 90°,Modulation can increase the control authority of the SJA.Compared to the unmodulated case,increment of lift-to-drag ratio is up to 15%.The modulating frequency corresponding to the largest increment is F_(M)^(+)≈1.For the injection angle of 30°,improvement of aerodynamic forces positively relates to momentum coefficient of the SJA.Due to the decrease of effective momentum,Modulation degrades the effect of flow control.The opposite responses to Modulation are believed to have a relationship with the variation of primary control mechanism.When jet injection angle varies from 90°to 30°,the primary mechanism changes from the interaction of vortices and waves to the direct momentum addition.The skill of Modulation of driving signals is very useful for applications of SJA.

关键词： Airfoil Flow control Injection angle Modulation Momentum coefficient Synthetic jet

Effect of wall temperature Modulation on the heat transfer characteristics of droplet-train flow inside a rectangular microchannel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 685-697页

作者： Vivekanand S.V.B.,Raju V.R.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India

The numerical studies of water–oil two-phase slug flow inside a two-dimensional vertical microchannel subjected to modulated wall temperature boundary conditions have been discussed in the present paper.Many researchers have contributed their efforts in exploring the characteristics of Taylor flows inside microchannel under constant wall heat flux or isothermal wall conditions.However,there is no study available in the literature which discusses the impact of modulated thermal wall boundary conditions on the heat transfer behavior of slug flows inside microchannels.Hence,to bridge this gap,an effort has been made to understand the heat transfer characteristics of the flow under sinusoidal wall temperature conditions.Initially,a single phase flow and heat transfer study was performed in microchannels,and the results of the fully developed velocity profile and heat transfer rate were validated with benchmark analytical results.Then an optimal selection of the combination of sinusoidal thermal wall boundary conditions has been made for the two-phase slug flow study.Later,the effects of amplitude(0 bεb 0.03)and frequency(0 bωb 750πrad·s-1)of the sinusoidal wall temperature profile on the heat transfer have been studied using the optimal combination of the wall boundary conditions.The results of the numerical study using modulated temperature conditions on channel walls showed a significant improvement in the heat transfer over liquid-only flow by approximately 50%as well as over two-phase flow without wall temperature Modulation.The non-dimensional temperature contours obtained for different cases of temperature Modulation clearly explain the root cause of such improvement in the heat transfer.Besides,the results based on the hydrodynamics of the flow have also been reported in terms of variation of droplet shapes and film thickness.The influence of Capillary number on the film thickness as well as heat transfer rates has also been discussed.In addition,the measured film thickness has also been compared with that cal

关键词： Heat transfer Microchannel Modulation Surface tension Taylor flow

A novel Modulation format identification based on amplitude histogram space

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第2期12卷 190-196页

作者： Tianliang WANG Xiaoying LIU National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System School of Optical and Electronic Information (SOEI) Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

In this paper, we proposed a novel Modulation format identification method for square M-quadrature amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) signals which is based on amplitude histogram space of the incoming data after analog-to-digital conversion, chromatic dispersion com-pensation at the receiver. We demonstrated the identifica-tion of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 16-QAM, 64-QAM formats with an amplitude histogram space. Simulation results show that it achieve 100% identification accuracy when the incoming signal OSNR is 14 dB to identify the Modulation format of QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM signals in digital coherent systems. The method has low complexity and small delay.

关键词： Modulation format identification (MFI) amplitude histogram space high-order Modulation format optical performance monitoring

Analytical Analysis and Performance Characterization of Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Machines Based on General Air-gap Field Modulation Theory

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2021年第3期7卷 4-19页

作者： Peng Han Ming Cheng Xinkai Zhu Zhe Chen Ansys Inc.San JoseCA 95134USA School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Department of Electrical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark

Air-gap magnetic field Modulation has been widely observed in electric machines.In this study,we present an analytical analysis and performance characterization of brushless doubly fed induction machines(BDFIMs)fed by two independent converters from the perspective of air-gap field Modulation.The spiral-loop winding is studied in detail as an example to show the generalized workflow that can also be used to analyze other short-circuited rotor winding types,such as nested-loop and multiphase double-layer windings.Magnetic field conversion factors are introduced to characterize the Modulation behavior of special rotor windings and facilitate their comparison in terms of cross-coupling capability,average torque,and harmonic content of the air-gap flux density waveforms.The stator magnetomotive force(MMF),rotor MMF,and resultant air-gap MMF are considered,based on which the closed-form inductance formulas are derived,and the torque equation is obtained along with the optimal current angle for maximum torque operation by using the virtual work principle.The design equations are then developed for the initial sizing and geometry scaling of the BDFIMs.Transient finite element analysis and experimental measurements are performed to validate the analysis.

关键词： AC machines air gap magnetic field spatial harmonic frequency domain Modulation rotor windings

Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing over conventional multi-mode fiber with intensity Modulation and direct detection

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第1期12卷 31-40页

作者： Juhao LI Zhongying WU Dawei GE Jinglong ZHU Yu TIAN Yichi ZHANG Jinyi YU Zhengbin LI Zhangyuan CHEN Yongqi HE State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications Wuhan 430074China

Multi-mode fiber(MMF)links are expected to greatly enhance capacity to cope with rapidly increasing data traffic in optical short-reach systems and networks.Recently,mode division multiplexing(MDM)over MMF has been proposed,in which different modes in MMF are utilized as spatial channels for data transmission.Stronglycoupled MDM techniques utilizing coherent detection and multiplex-input-multiplex-output(MIMO)digital signal processing(DSP)are complex and expensive for shortreach transmission.So the weakly-coupled approach by significantly suppressing mode coupling in the fiber and optical components has been proposed.In this way,the signals in each mode can be independently transmitted and received using conventional intensity Modulation and direct detection(IM-DD).In this paper,we elaborate the key technologies to realize weakly-coupled MDM transmission over conventional MMF,including mode characteristic in MMF and weakly-coupled mode multiplexer/ demultiplexer(MUX/DEMUX).We also present the upto-date experimental results for weakly-coupled MDM transmission over conventional OM3 MMF.We show that weakly-coupled MDM scheme is promising for high-speed optical interconnections and bandwidth upgrade of already-deployed MMF links.

关键词： multi-mode fiber (MMF) mode division multiplexing (MDM) weak mode coupling intensity Modulation and direct detection (IM-DD)