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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第8期1卷 1303-1306页

作者： S. A. Lateef T. Yamashiro N. Beneragama M. Iwasaki Y. Moriya C. Ying K. Umetsu Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho ObihiroHokkaido 080-8555 Japan

Biohydrogen production from synthetic waste, SW （model organic fraction of municipal solid waste） co-digested with liquid dairy manure （M） was tested in batch reactions to assess the effect of temperature and mixing ratio of the substrates. A 5 × 2 factorial design experiment was conducted. Synthetic waste： manure mixtures of 1：1, 2：1, 3：1, 1：0, 0：1 （volatile solids, VS, basis） were tested at 37 （T37） and 55 ℃ （T55） using thirty 1 L laboratory scale digesters. Total VS of each mixture was 50 g/L except SW：M 0：I treatment, where total VS was 27.4 g/L. Gas samples were taken daily to determine hydrogen production, and slurry samples taken before and after experimentation, were analyzed for volatile fatty acid （VFA） concentration, volatile solid （VS） degradation, ammonium nitrogen （NH4＋-N） and pH. Hydrogen production （mL/g-VS fed） showed a significant two-factor interaction between incubation temperature and SW：M ratio （P 〈 0.001）. Maximum production of 15.8 mL/g-VS （fed） was achieved in SW：M ratio of 3：1 at 55 ℃. Generally, hydrogen productions at thermophilic temperature （T55） were significantly higher than at mesophilic （T37） temperature for all treatments （P 〈 0.001） except for SW：M 1：0 and SW：M 0：1 treatments （P 〉 0.05）. This study indicates that hydrogen production from co-digestion of synthetic waste and manure is dependent on incubation temperature and relative contribution of wastes in the mixture.

关键词： Hydrogen production co-digestion temperature mixing ratio dairy cow manure

Effects of different mixing ratios on emissions from passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第11期23卷 1831-1838页

作者： Hong Zhao Yunshan Ge Jianwei Tan Hang Yin Jiadong Guo Wei Zhao Peipei Dai National Lab of Auto Performance ＆ Emission Test Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China College of Mechanical ＆ Electronic Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012China

Regulated and unregulated emissions from four passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends at different mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30,M50,M85 and M100） were tested over the New European Driving Cycle （NEDC）.Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were sampled by Tenax TA and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer （TD-GC/MS）.Carbonyls were trapped on dinitrophenylhydrazine （DNPH） cartridges and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that total emissions of VOCs and BTEX （benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,p,m,o-xylene） from all vehicles fueled with methanol/gasoline blends were lower than those from vehicles fueled with only *** to the baseline,the use of M85 decreased BTEX emissions by 97.4%,while the use of M15 decreased it by 19.7%.At low-to-middle mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30 and M50）,formaldehyde emissions showed a slight increase while those of high mixing ratios （M85 and M100） were three times compared with the baseline gasoline *** the vehicles were retrofitted with new three-way catalytic converters （TWC）,emissions of carbon monoxide （CO）,total hydrocarbon （THC）,and nitrogen oxides （NOx） were decreased by 24%–50%,10%–35%,and 24%–58% respectively,compared with the cars using the original equipment manufacture （OEM） *** the new TWC,emissions of formaldehyde and BTEX were decreased,while those of other carbonyl *** is necessary that vehicles fueled with methanol/gasoline blends be retrofitted with a new *** addition,the specific reactivity of emissions of vehicles fueled with M15 and retrofitted with the new TWC was reduced from 4.51 to 4.08 compared to the baseline *** indicates that the use of methanol/gasoline blend at a low mixing ratio may have lower effect on environment than gasoline.

关键词： mixing ratio methanol/gasoline blend BTEX carbonyl compounds new three-way catalytic converter

Variations of CO2 mixing ratios in the Air near the Ground in the European Territory of Russia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第9期2卷 531-536页

作者： Felix Kashin State Budgetary Institution Research and Production Association "Typhoon " Obninsk 249038 Russia

The instrumentation, method and measurement results used for measurements of CO2 concentrations in surface air of Obninsk （55.1° N, 36.9° E, 183 m above the sea level） located at a distance of 105 km to the south-west of Moscow are presented. Proposed is a method of experimental data filtering allowing one to separate natural and anthropogenic variations of CO2 concentrations. It is shown that minimal concentrations of CO2 registered in Obninsk and at the continental stations of GAW WMO characterize not only the ＂regional background＂ but also coincide with the data from GAW WMO background stations located in the oceanic regions. In this connection, one can assume that the excess in measured CO2 concentration over its minimal values, making about 5-6 ppm, is connected with an anthropogenic emission, and the continent should be considered as an anthropogenic source of C02.

关键词： Carbon dioxide mixing ratio natural and anthropogenic variations.

Multichannel Discharge Characteristics of Gas Switch Gap in SF_6-N_2 or SF_6-Ar Gas Mixtures Under Nanosecond Triggering Pulses

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Plasma Science and Technology 2011年第6期13卷 719-723页

作者：常家森王虎张乔根邱爱慈 School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Experiments were carried out to ascertain multichannel discharge characteristics in a self-designed coaxial field-distortion gas switch filled with SFa-N2 or SF6-Ar gas mixtures of different mixing ratios. In these experiments, the pressure varied from 0.1 MPa to 0.2 MPa, the voltage pulse peak applied to the switch was in the range from 40 kV to 78 kV, and the pulse rise time was 11 ns. The static breakdown strength of the gas switch gap in the switch was also measured. The results show that in general the average number of discharge channels for SF6-Ar or SF6-N2 gas mixture which contains less SFa is larger than that for gas mixture which contains more SF6, however, the average number of channels almost keeps constant as the gas mixing ratio varies when the pulse rise rate is high enough. The static breakdown strength of the gas switch gap decreases slightly as the content of argon or nitrogen increases.

关键词： multichannel discharge gas dielectric strength SFB-N2 SF6-Ar mixing ratio

Effect of Starch/Polylactic Acid ratio on the Interdependence of Two-Phase and the Properties of Composites

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2015年第5期30卷 1108-1114页

作者：左迎峰 GU Jiyou CAO Jun WEI Shuangying TAN Haiyan 张彦华 Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Northeast Forestry University Ministry of Education College of Material Science & Engineering Central South University of Forestry & Technology

Starch/polylactic acid(PLA) composites were prepared by melt extrusion, with corn starch and PLA as raw materials, glycerol as the plasticizer. Effects of starch/PLA ratio on the interdependence of two-phase and other properties of the composites were studied. The combination of results of TGA with SEM indicated that the interdependence between starch and PLA was increased gradually as the starch/PLA ratio reduced. DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature(Tg), melting temperature(Tm) and degree of crystallinity of PLA in composites were increased gradually, whereas the cold crystallization temperature(Tc) was gradually decreased as the starch/PLA ratio reduced. The rheological properties of composites were closely related with the interdependence of two-phase, with reducing starch/PLA proportion, the interdependence was increased, and then the strain for storage modulus was firstl reduced and then gradually increased. Frequency scanning showed that the storage modulus and complex viscosity were decreased with reducing starch content. As the starch/PLA ratio reduced, the matrix phase PLA was increased, so that the strength of composites was increased gradually, whereas water absorption rate was decreased gradually.

关键词： corn starch polylactic acid mixing ratio interdependence of two-phase properties

Emission characteristics of flue gas during the chemical-looping combustion process for multi-component solid waste

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Clean Energy 2022年第6期6卷 840-847页

作者： Jiang-Bo Qian Xin-Lei Wang Jin-Xing Wang Department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003HebeiChina Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003HebeiChina

Solid waste has interactions with its flue-gas products during combustion,which offers the possibility of regulating its pollutant ***,these interaction pathways would be clearer under anaerobic conditions when the chemical-looping combus-tion(CLC)process is *** CLC experiments of multi-component solid waste were conducted on a homemade twin-bed reactor and the characteristics of flue gas were investigated for the effect of the mixing ratio of sewage sludge and polyvinyl chloride(PVC).The results indicated that the combustion efficiency was>99.9%for these CLC processes;the highest carbon-conversion rate was obtained at 96.3%for PVC with 60%*** highest NO and SO_(2)emissions were 26%and 19%,respectively,when the sludge was mixed with 20%*** the proportion of PVC blended into the sludge increased,the time when the concentration of NO in the flue-gas peaks moved backwards,while peak SO_(2)concentration moved *** general trend was to increase first and then *** addition,there were multiple peaks in carbon emissions,corresponding to~10%,30%and~70%of the carbon-conversion rate;nitrogen emissions reached 90%of total emissions before the carbon-conversion rate was 40%;sulphur emissions had a longer cycle and were mainly emitted between 10%and 60%of the carbon-conversion *** results are expected to provide a reference for solid-waste source suppressing to inhibit the generation of pollutants.

关键词： chemical-looping combustion(CLC) flue-gas products solid waste mixing ratio

Identification of Mixtures of Two Types of Body Fluids Using the Multiplex Methylation System and Random Forest Models

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Current Medical Science 2023年第5期43卷 908-918页

作者： Han-xiao WANG Xiao-zhao LIU Xi-miao HE Chao XIAO Dai-xin HUANG Shao-hua YI Department of Forensic Medicine Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Physiology School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Objective Body fluid mixtures are complex biological samples that frequently occur in crime scenes,and can provide important clues for criminal case *** methylation assay has been applied in the identification of human body fluids,and has exhibited excellent performance in predicting single-source body *** present study aims to develop a methylation SNaPshot multiplex system for body fluid identification,and accurately predict the mixture *** addition,the value of DNA methylation in the prediction of body fluid mixtures was further *** In the present study,420 samples of body fluid mixtures and 250 samples of single body fluids were tested using an optimized multiplex methylation *** kind of body fluid sample presented the specific methylation profiles of the 10 *** Significant differences in methylation levels were observed between the mixtures and single body *** all kinds of mixtures,the Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significantly strong correlation between the methylation levels and component proportions(1:20,1:10,1:5,1:1,5:1,10:1 and 20:1).Two random forest classification models were trained for the prediction of mixture types and the prediction of the mixture proportion of 2 components,based on the methylation levels of 10 *** the mixture prediction,Model-1 presented outstanding prediction accuracy,which reached up to 99.3%in 427 training samples,and had a remarkable accuracy of 100%in 243 independent test *** the mixture proportion prediction,Model-2 demonstrated an excellent accuracy of 98.8%in 252 training samples,and 98.2%in 168 independent test *** total prediction accuracy reached 99.3%for body fluid mixtures and 98.6%for the mixture *** These results indicate the excellent capability and powerful value of the multiplex methylation system in the identification of forensic body fluid mixtures.

关键词： body fluid identification mixture mixing ratio DNA methylation multiplex assay random forest model

Seedling-growing tray made of rice straw for maize seedling transplantation and its shear mechanics test

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第6期9卷 44-55页

作者： Ma Yongcai Zhang Wei Wang Chun Mao Xin Zhang Bo Wang Haiyang Engineering College Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing 163319China

The plant-made seedling-growing tray cultivation technique is an effective way to improve maize yield and quality in China’s cold northern ***,the corn seedling nursery carrier and tray cultivation technique has been proved poor in *** comparing several nursery carriers,a design for a plant-made seedling-growing tray that is suitable for maize transplantation was proposed in which rice straw was used as the primary raw *** preparation method,processing and structural dimensions of the tray were investigated and designed,five types of plant-made seedling-growing trays with different formulations were *** shear mechanical properties and the shear strength of the plant-made seedling-growing trays were tested to determine the shear force needed for cutting through trays prepared with increasing mass ratios of rice straw and the effect of the shearing rate on the shear *** results showed that at a shearing rate of 100 mm/min,the maximum shear force decreased gradually as the mass ratio of straw was increased and that the hardness of the tray decreased as its shear strength *** three shearing rates(100 mm/min,200 mm/min and 500 mm/min)and a blade displacement of 10 mm,the shear force was the highest at the point at which the tray was cut through;the required shear force to cut through the tray then gradually *** with the same straw composition showed no significant influence of shearing rate on the tray’s shear strength at shearing rates of 100 mm/min,200 mm/min or 500 mm/*** study describes a multi-tray,single-strip nursery carrier for use in plant-made seedling-growing tray cultivation and proposes a theoretical basis for the design of a rotary transplanting device,the key part of a maize plant-made seedling-growing tray transplanter.

关键词： maize seedling transplanting seedling-nursery tray preparation shear force shear strength rice straw mixing ratio

Effect of different levels of corn steep liquor addition on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of fresh rice straw silage

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第4期2卷 345-350页

作者： Xinxin Li Wenbin Xu Jinshan Yang Hongbo Zhao Hangshu Xin Yonggen Zhang College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Institute of New Rural Development Northeast Agricultural University

The object of this study was to determine the proper mixing ratio of fresh rice straw to corn steep liquor(CSL) to obtain a high protein content silage feed. The following experimental silages were generated: the control(C1), composed of fresh rice straw without CSL additive, mixed with CSL in the ratios of 4:1(C4),3:1(C3) and 2:1(C2). Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) inoculant was applied at the rate of 50 mL/kg(fresh basis)of forage to achieve a final application rate of 1 x 10~6 cfu/g of fresh matter(FM). Duplicate silos for each treatment were opened after 0,3, 7,10,20,30,45 and 60 d for microbiological and chemical analysis. The results showed that the addition of CSL significantly increased crude protein(CP) contents, and decreased neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents of treatments after 60 d of ensiling(P mixing fresh rice straw with CSL at addition levels of 4:1(C4) and 3:1(C3) can improve the fermentation quality and nutrient composition of fresh rice straw silage. However, a large proportion of CSL(C3) had a negative impact on the aerobic stability of fresh rice straw.

关键词： Corn steep liquor Fresh rice straw Lactic acid bacteria mixing ratio Silage