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mitigation measures of debris flow and landslide risk carried out in two mountain areas of North-Eastern Italy

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1808-1822页

作者： GENEVOIS Rinaldo TECCA Pia Rosella GENEVOIS Clervie Padua University Vicolo Mazzini 18Padova 35137Italy CNR-IRPI Corso Stati Uniti 4Padova 35127Italy SINPRO s.r.l. Via deWArtigianato 20Vigonovo(VE)30030Italy

The design of remediation works for the mitigation and prevention of the associated risk is needed where these geological hazards affect anthropized areas. Remedial measures for landslides commonly include slope reshaping, plumbing, drainage, retaining structures and internal slope reinforcement, while debris flow control works consist in open or closed control structures. The effectiveness of the remedial works implemented must be assessed by evaluating the reduction of the risk over time. The choice of the most appropriate and cost-effective intervention must consider the type of hazard and environmental issues, and selects, wherever possible, naturalistic engineering operations that are consequently implemented according to the environmental regulations or the design and specification standards imposed by the competent public administrations. The mitigation procedures consist of five basic steps:(a) acquisition of the knowledge of the hazard process;(b) risk assessment with identification of possible disaster scenarios;(c) planning and designing of specific remedial measures to reduce and/or eliminate the potential risk;(d) slope monitoring after application of remedial measures,(e) transfer of knowledge to the stakeholders. This paper presents two case studies describing the practice for the design of the mitigation measures adopted for debris flow and active landslide sites in North-Eastern Italy. The first case study is a debris flow site, for which, based on observation of past events and numerical simulations using the software FLOW-2D, the most suitable mitigation measures were found to be the construction of a debris basin, barriers and breakers. The second case study deals with an active landslide threatening a village. Based on the landslide kinematics and the results of numerical simulations performed with the code FLAC, hard engineering remedial works were planned to reduce the driving forces with benching and by increasing the available resisting forc

关键词： Debris flows Landslides Geological hazards mitigation measures FLO-2D FLAC

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On the Polygonal Wear Evolution of Heavy-Haul Locomotive Wheels due to Wheel/Rail Flexibility and Its mitigation measures

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期37卷 40-61页

作者： Yunfan Yang Feifan Chai Pengfei Liu Liang Ling Kaiyun Wang Wanming Zhai State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Wheel polygonal wear can immensely worsen wheel/rail interactions and vibration performances of the train and track,and ultimately,lead to the shortening of service life of railway *** present,wheel/rail medium-or high-frequency frictional interactions are perceived as an essential reason of the high-order polygonal wear of railway wheels,which are potentially resulted by the flexible deformations of the train/track system or other external *** this work,the effect of wheel/rail flexibility on polygonal wear evolution of heavy-haul locomotive wheels is explored with aid of the long-term wheel polygonal wear evolution simulations,in which different flexible modeling of the heavy-haul wheel/rail coupled system is ***,the mitigation measures for the polygonal wear of heavy-haul locomotive wheels are *** results point out that the evolution of polygonal wear of heavy-haul locomotive wheels can be veritably simulated with consideration of the flexible effect of both wheelset and *** of mixed-line operation of heavy-haul trains and application of multicut wheel re-profiling can effectively reduce the development of wheel polygonal *** research can provide a deep-going understanding of polygonal wear evolution mechanism of heavy-haul locomotive wheels and its mitigation measures.

关键词： Heavy-haul locomotive Wheel polygonal wear Wheel/rail flexibility Long-term polygonal wear evolution mitigation measures

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Ground-borne vibrations induced by impact pile driving: experimental assessment and mitigation measures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2023年第1期22卷 105-115页

作者： A.Colaço A.M.Abouelmaty P.Alves Costa CONSTRUCT-FEUP University of PortoRua Dr.Roberto FriasPorto 4200-465Portugal Arab Academy for Science Technology&Maritime TransportCollege of Engineering and TechnologyAlexandriaEgypt

Impact pile driving is an interesting technique for the construction of deep foundations from a practical and economical point of ***,the generalization of this technique can be restricted due to the excessive vibration levels that can be generated,which can be especially problematic in residential ***,different mitigation measures can be applied to prevent excessive vibration levels inside buildings located near construction *** compare its efficiency through a numerical prediction tool,two experimental test sites are first presented and *** the results obtained,it was found that the construction of an open trench near the impact source can be used as an efficient mitigation measure to reduce the maximum vibration levels evaluated in this study.

关键词： impact pile driving ground-borne vibrations experimental and numerical analysis mitigation measures

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Socio-scientific quantification of the comprehensive benefits of debris flow mitigation measures for villages in western Sichuan, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1598-1612页

作者： DENG Ting XU Pei LI Ming LU Yafeng WANG Yukuan LI Zhengyang SHRAVAN Kumar Ghimire Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Debris flow hazards seriously threaten thesafety and sustainable development of mountainousareas. Numerous debris flow mitigation measures havebeen implemented worldwide;however, acomprehensive assessment of the specific disasterreduction effects of these measures and their economic,social and ecological benefits is yet to be *** western region of Sichuan Province frequentlysuffers from geohazards such as debris flow, and thegovernment has adopted many mitigation *** study assessed the benefits of debris flowmitigation measures and identified the key influencingfactors via a field-based study conducted in 81 villagesin western Sichuan province, China. A framework forthe evaluation of the benefits of rural debris flowmitigation measures was constructed andquantitatively evaluated using a survey. Snowballsampling was performed to recruit 81 village leadersand 468 farmers. The results showed that managementand engineering measures were the main methodsused to mitigate debris flow;ecological measures wereauxiliary. The average satisfaction scores of farmers forthese three types of measures were 4.07, 3.90, and 3.56,respectively (as measured on a five-point Likert scale).In contrast, in terms of the benefits of these mitigationmeasures, only a small proportion of villages (11.11%)obtained a high level of comprehensive benefits fromthe debris flow mitigation measures, while the majority(88.89%) received medium to low-level benefits. Toimprove this situation, we further studied and foundthat the main factors that restricted villages fromachieving high-level comprehensive benefits were theunpredictable nature of debris flows, labour forceoutflow and remoteness. Effective control measures, agood economic environment and strong governmentassistance were reported as crucial factors forimproving these comprehensive benefits. This studyprovides socio-scientific references for decisionmakingon rural debris flow mitigation measures while keeping villages at the

关键词： mitigation measures Comprehensive benefit evaluation Debris flow Mountain development Rural areas

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mitigation measures of Debris Flow for Disaster Control

Mitigation Measures of Debris Flow for Disaster Control

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2014全国工程勘察学术大会

作者： DU Fengbin ZHANG Lizhou Chongqing Survey Institute Chongqing Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering

Because of the hilly terrain,redundant rainfall and geological factors,debris flow is likely to be triggered in Southwestern China which is also exacerbated by human *** the shortage of easily developed level land,excessive excavation has to be conducted which strikes the balance of slopes,leading to the landslide problems then to the debris flow with the boosting of other *** this paper,mitigation measures against debris flow and current research methodologies for the study of debris flow dynamics will be ***,the comparison for the design of debris flow barriers will be conducted based on the design codes of China’s mainland and Hong *** merits and demerits of each code will be respectively identified which make a great contribution to the design debris-resisting barriers for highway Engineering.

关键词： mitigation measures Dynamic characteristics Design codes

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Using a Coupled Air Quality Modeling System for the Development of an Air Quality Plan in Madrid (Spain): Source Apportionment and Analysis Evaluation of mitigation measures

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第3期4卷 46-61页

作者： Raúl Arasa Anna Domingo-Dalmau Ricardo Vargas Technical Department Barcelona Spain Environmental and Territorial Planning Agency Regional Government of Madrid Madrid Spain

In this contribution, we use a coupled air quality modelling system (AQM) as a tool to design and develop an air quality plan in Madrid. AQM has allowed us to obtain a preliminary evaluation of the effect of mitigation measures over regional and local air quality levels. To achieve these goals, we have prepared a sophisticated AQM, coupling the meteorological model WRF, the emission model AEMM, and the photochemical model CMAQ. AQM was evaluated using the whole modelling year 2010 working with high horizontal resolution, 3 km for the region of Madrid and 1km for urban metropolitan area of Madrid. Two different analyses have been realized: a source apportionment exercise following a zero-out methodology to obtain the contribution to the air quality levels of the different emission sector;and an evaluation of the main mitigation measures considered in the air quality plan using sensitivity analysis. The air quality plan was focused on the improvement of NO2 levels and AQM analyzed the effect of the mitigation measures during ten episodes of 2011 where NO2 or O3 levels were the highest of the year;so we analyzed the effect of the mitigation plan in worst conditions. Results provided by the AQM system show that it accomplishes the European Directive modelling uncertainty requirements and the mean absolute gross error for 1-h maximum daily NO2 is 31% over locations with higher levels of this atmospheric pollutant;the road traffic is the main contributor to the air quality levels providing a 81% for NO2, 67% for CO and 46% for PM10;measures defined in the plan achieve to reduce up to 11 μgm-3 NO2 levels offering highest reductions over urban areas with traffic influence.

关键词： Environmental Assessment Air Quality Modelling CMAQ Emissions Madrid Air Quality Plan mitigation measures

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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Crop Saline-alkali Tolerance and mitigation measures

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2021年第5期10卷 74-78页

作者： Ting XU Yantao LIU Agricultural College of Shihezi University Shihezi 832000China

The wide distribution of saline-alkali land in China is a restrictive factor for the sustainable development of ***-alkaline soil inhibits the growth and development of crops,reducing its yield and *** this article,we summarized the germination status,physiological characteristics,response mechanisms and mitigation measures of different crops under saline-alkali stress in recent years,aiming to provide important reference for the study of saline-alkali tolerance mechanism in crops,cultivation of crop varieties tolerant to salts and alkalis and improvement of the utilization rate of saline-alkali land,and put forward suggestions for future development trend of saline-alkali land crops and mitigation measures.

关键词： Saline-alkali stress Crop Response mechanism mitigation measures Research progress

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Estimates of N_2O Emissions and mitigation Potential from a Spring Maize Field Based on DNDC Model

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第12期11卷 2067-2078页

作者： LI Hu QIU Jian-jun WANG Li-gang XU Ming-yi LIU Zhi-qiang WANG Wei Key Laboratory of Non-Point Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/CAAS-UNH Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems Research/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Agricultural production plays an important role in affecting atmospheric nitrous oxide （N20） concentrations. Field measurements were conducted in Dalian City, Liaoning Province in Northeast China from two consecutive years （2009 and 2010） to estimate NzO emissions from a spring maize field, a main cropping system across the Chinese agricultural regions. The observed flux data in conjunction with the local climate, soil and management information were utilized to test a process-based model, DeNitrification-DeComposition （DNDC）, for its applicability for the cropping system. The validated DNDC was then used for exploring strategies to reduce N20 emissions from the target field. The results showed that the major N20 pulse emissions occurred with duration of about 3-5 d after fertilizer application in both years 2009 and 2010, which on average accounted for about 60% of the total N20 emissions each year. Rainfall and fertilizer application were the major factors influencing the N20 emissions from spring maize field. The average N20 flUXeS from the CK （control plot, without fertilization） and FP （traditional chemical N fertilizer） treatments were 23.1 and 60.6 gg m-2 h-~ in 2009, respectively, and 21.5 and 64.3 gg m-2 h-~ in 2010, respectively. The emission factors （EFs） of the applied N fertilizer （270 kg N ha-1） as N20- N were 0.62% in 2009 and 0.77% in 2010, respectively. The comparison of modeled daily NzO emission fluxes against observations indicated that the DNDC model had a good performance even if without adjusting the internal parameters. The modeled results showed that management practices such as no-till, changing timing or rate of fertilizer application, increasing residue incorporation, and other technically applicable measures could effectively reduce N20 emissions from the tested fields. Our study indicated that avoiding application of N fertilizers at heavy rainfall events or splitting the fertilizer into more applications would be the most feasible appr

关键词： spring maize N20 DNDC mitigation measures Northeast China

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mitigation of high-speed trains vibrations by expanded polystyrene blocks in railway embankments

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2021年第1期22卷 6-20页

作者： Alexandros LYRATZAKIS Yiannis TSOMPANAKIS Prodromos NPSARROPOULOS School of Environmental Engineering Technical University of CreteChania 73100Greece School of Rural and Surveying Engineering National Technical University of AthensAthens 1577Greece

The vibrations induced by the passage of high-speed trains(HSTs)are considered a crucial issue in the field of environmental and geotechnical *** wave barriers have been investigated to reduce the detrimental effects of HST-induced *** study is focused on the potential implementation of an innovative mitigation technique to alleviate the developed *** particular,the use of expanded polystyrene(EPS)blocks as partial fill material of embankment slopes was *** efficiency of the proposed mitigation technique was numerically *** specifically,a 3 D soil-track model was developed to study the cross-section of a railway track,embankment,and the underlying soil *** passage of the HST,Thalys,was simulated using a moving load method,and the soil response was calculated at several distances from the *** parameters influenced the effectiveness of the examined mitigation ***,to ensure an optimal design,a robust procedure is necessary which considers the impact of these ***,the implementation of EPS blocks on several embankments with different geometry,in terms of height and slope angle,was investigated.

关键词： High-speed railways(HSRs) High-speed trains(HSTs) Traffic-induced vibrations mitigation measures Expanded polystyrene(EPS)

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Accounting greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China: a whole production perspective

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第2期16卷 357-374页

作者： Yanfeng XU Yong GENG Ziyan GAO Shijiang XIAO Chenyi ZHANG Mufan ZHUANG China-UK Low Carbon College Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China China Institute for Urban Governance Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Management China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Food consumption is necessary for human *** a global scale,the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission related to food consumption accounts for 19%–29%of the total GHG *** has the largest population in the world,which is experiencing a rapid *** the background of urbanization and the adjustment of the diet structure of Chinese residents,it is critical to mitigate the overall GHG emission caused by food *** study aims to employ a single-region input-output(SRIO)model and a multi-regional input-output(MRIO)model to measure GHG emission generated from food consumption in China and compare the contributions of different industrial sectors,uncovering the differences between urban and rural residents and among different provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities),as well as identifying the driving forces of GHG emission from food consumption at a national *** results indicate that the total GHG emission generated from food consumption in China tripled from 157 Mt CO_(2)e in 2002 to 452 Mt CO_(2)e in *** fastest growing GHG emission is from the consumption of other processed food and meat *** GHG emissions from both urban and rural residents increased,the gap between them is ***,processing and manufacture of food,manufacture of chemical and transportation,storage and post services sectors are key sectors inducing food consumption related GHG *** a regional perspective,the top five emission provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities)include Shandong,Hubei,Guangdong,Zhejiang,and *** on such results,policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate the overall GHG emission from food consumption.

关键词： greenhouse gas(GHG)emission food consumption industry sectors mitigation measures urban governance

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