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Short-term effects of yak and Tibetan sheep urine deposition on soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations in an alpine steppe of the northern Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 1156-1167页

作者： DU Zi-yin WANG Xiao-dan CAI Yan-jiang School of Geographical Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637009China Xainza Alpine Steppe and Wetland Ecosystem Observation Station Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water ResourcesChengdu 610041China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Yak(Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep urine deposited onto the alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is an important pathway for nutrient return, and it is closely related to soil fertility and alpine grassland productivity. However, hitherto, few studies have reported the effects of yak and Tibetan sheep urine deposition on soil carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) concentrations and the possible functional mechanisms under field conditions in alpine grasslands. To explore the status of soil C and N responding to the immediate N addition from livestock urine, we conducted a 28-d field experiment with three treatments, which include the application of yak urine(YU) and Tibetan sheep urine(TSU) application, and the control(CK, no application of urine). The results showed that YU treatment increased the soil moisture content and p H at 0-10 cm across the 28-day experimental period. Urine application resulted in the fluctuation of soil organic C(SOC) and increased topsoil SOC concentration during the middle and later periods of the experiment. Application of YU evidently increased the soil total N(TN) concentration in the 0-10 cm layer, while it did not affect the SOC concentrations in the 10-20 and 20-30 cm layers. Compared with the control, YU treatment significantly(P<0.05) increased the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil ammonium-N(NH;-N) concentration throughout the 28 days, while the TSU treatment significantly(P<0.05) increased the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil nitrate-N(NO;-N) concentration. Urine N input changed soil physicochemical properties, nitrification, denitrification, and N leaching processes, and therefore affected the availability of N accumulation and consumption in soil. Under these conditions, the trade-off between soil NH;-N and NO;-N under the influence of yak and Tibetan sheep urine application would change the form and concentration of available N, thereby altering the plant N uptake and utilization strategy of alpine grassland. The conclusions of this study coul

关键词： Livestock urine mineral nitrogen Nitrification Denitrification Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Effect of Incorporation of Wheat Straw and Urea into Soil on Biomass nitrogen and nitrogen-Supplying Characteristics of Paddy Soil

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Pedosphere 1993年第3期3卷 201-205页

作者： SHENQI－RONG XUSHOU－MING 等 DepartmentofSoilScienceandAgrochemistry NanjingAgriculturalUniversityNanjing210014（China） NantongIns

Pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of incorporation of wheat straw and/ or urea into soil on biomass nitrogen and mineral nitrogen and its relation to the growth and yield of rice. The combined application of wheat straw and urea increased much more biomass nitrogen in soil than the application of wheat straw or urea alone and consequently increased the immobilization of urea nitrogen added and reduced the loss of urea nitrogen. An adequate nitrogen-supplying process to rice plant could be obtained if C / N ratio of the material added was about 20. The three yield components of rice were affected significantly by the status of nitrogen supplying. More than 30mg N / kg soil of mineral nitrogen at effective tillering stage, panicle initiation stage and filling stage should be maintained in order to get high rice yield, though the criteria varied with the different experimental conditions.

关键词： biomass nitrogen mineral nitrogen urea wheat straw

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Modulation of Soil Particle Size and Nutrient Availability in the Maize Rhizosheath

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Pedosphere 2011年第4期21卷 483-490页

作者： MA Wei LI Xue-Xian LI Chun-Jian Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 (China)

Root exudates,microorganism colonization and soil aggregates together form the rhizosheath,a special cylinder of micro-ecosystem adhering to the root *** study how the rhizosheath affects soil structure and nutrient distribution,we analyzed the impact of maize rhizosheath on soil particle size and nutrient availability in pot and field *** results showed that there was a significant size decrease of soil particles in the ***,the soil mineral nitrogen in the rhizosheath was significantly higher than that in the rhizosphere or bulk soil at tasseling and maturity stages of *** contents of Fe and Mn were also differentially altered in the *** development,indicated by a dry weight ratio of rhizosheath soil to the root,was relatively independent of root development during the whole experimental *** formation of maize rhizosheath contributed to the modulation of soil particle size and nutrient *** subtle local changes of soil physical and chemical properties may have profound influence on soil formation,rhizospheric ecosystem initiation,and mineral nutrient mobilization over the long history of plant evolution and domestication.

关键词： micronutrient mineral nitrogen mucilage rhizosphere root exudates

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Evaluating nitrogen Behavior in Sugarcane after Fertilization Using Leaf and Sap Extract Analyzes

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第18期5卷 2655-2664页

作者： Helio A.W.Joris Thais R.Souza Zaqueu F.Montezano Vitor P.Vargas Heitor Cantarella Soils and Environmental Resources Center Instituto Agronomico(IAC)CampinasBrazil

nitrogen (N) fertilization is important for sugarcane crops, for both agronomic and environmental reasons. Better use of N from fertilizer is required for crop management, and in order to achieve it, adequate N nutrition monitoring is necessary. Sap extract analysis is a sensitive technique that has been adopted in other crops to tackle this objective, and can be used for sugarcane. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of N and the response of sugarcane after N fertilization, using sap and leaf tissue analysis. The study was undertaken in two experimental areas in 2012/2013 season, using ratoon cane, following application of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·ha-1 of N. The youngest visible leaves were sampled from sugarcane at five time points between 0 and 150 days after fertilization, to evaluate the nitrate, ammonium, and total N content of sap extract, and total N content of leaf tissue. At the first sampling point (30 days after N fertilizer application), mineral N in sap increased as a result of N fertilization in medium-textured soil, and remained high until 120 days after fertilization in clayey soil. The total N content of sap followed a similar behavior. Stalk yield was only observed to increase in sugarcane grown in the clayey soil. Sap analysis proved to be an efficient method for monitoring N status in sugarcane grown in different soil types.

关键词： Saccharum spp. mineral nitrogen nitrogen Absorption Ratoon Cane Nutritional Status

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The role of green manure nitrogen use by corn and sugarcane crops in Brazil

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 89-108页

作者： Edmilson José Ambrosano Heitor Cantarella Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano Fábio Luis Ferreira Dias Fabrício Rossi Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin Takashi Muraoka APTA Regional Center South PolePiracicabaBrazil APTA Agronomic Institute of Campinas(IAC)CampinasBrazil Department of Social Dentistry State University of Campinas(UNICAMP)PiracicabaBrazil College of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of São Paulo(USP)PirassunungaBrazil Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture(CENA/USP) PiracicabaBrazil

Three assays were developed from April 3, 1995 to October 10, 2005. The work with corn was conducted in a greenhouse, using velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as green manure with 15N labeling of either shoots or roots, in two soils with contrasting textural classes. The mineralization of N from legume plants incorporated into the two soils was investigated too. This work included two green manures: velvet bean and sunn hemp, and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) residues. nitrogen from the velvet bean accounted for a greater proportion of the soil inorganic N;shoots were responsible for most of N accumulated. Common bean residues caused immobilization of inorganic N. The leguminous species added were intensively and promptly mineralized, preserving the soil native nitrogen. One hundred days after emergence of the corn, velvet bean provided higher accumulation of nitrogen in the soil, higher absorption by corn plants and accumulation in the aerial part. The green manure decomposition was more intense in the medium textured soil. In this soil, highest nitrogen losses were also observed. The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was cultivated for five years in the field and was harvested three times;15N recovery was evaluated in the first two harvests. The combination of inorganic fertilizer and green manure resulted in higher sugarcane yields than either N source applied separately;however, in the second cutting the yields were higher where sunn hemp was used than in plots with ammonium sulfate. The recovery of N by the first two consecutive harvests accounted for 19% to 21% of the N applied as sunn hemp and 46% to 49% of the N applied as ammonium sulfate. Very little inorganic N was present in the 0-40 cm soil layer with both N sources.

关键词： Saccharum spp. Biological nitrogen Fixation 15N Isotope Technique N-mineralization mineral nitrogen

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