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The Effect of mineral composition and Quantity of Fines on the Atterberg Limits and Compaction Characteristics of Soils

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第2期14卷 258-276页

作者： Abdalhamid Musbah Muad Mohammed Adem Alfghia Department of Civil Engineering Engineering Faculty Cyprus International University Nicosia Turkish Republic of North Cyprus

Because of the various elements that come into play in natural soil formation, the impact of varied proportions of mineral composition and fines amount on Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils is not well known. Three distinct soil samples were used in this investigation. The findings indicated the effect of varied mineral composition proportions and fines amount on the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index as assessed by the Casagrande test and hand-rolling method. The fluctuation of maximum dry density and optimal moisture content with these three soils has also been studied. Furthermore, correlations were established to indicate the compaction parameters and the amount of minerals and particles in the soil. The data show that the mineral content of the soil has a direct impact on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics. Soils containing larger percentages of expansive minerals, such as montmorillonite, have more flexibility and volume change capability. mineral composition influences compaction parameters such as maximum dry density, ideal water content, axial strain, and axial stress. Soils with a larger proportion of fines, such as Soil 2 and Soil 3, have stronger flexibility and lower compaction qualities, with higher ideal water content and lower maximum dry density. Soil 1 has moderate flexibility and intermediate compaction qualities due to its low fines percentage. The effect of different mineral compositions and fines on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils can be used to predict the behavior of compacted soils encountered in engineering practices, reducing the time and effort required to assess soil suitability for engineering use.

关键词： Atterberg Limit mineral composition Quantity of Fines Maximum Dry Unit Weight Optimum Water Content

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Correlations between mineral composition and mechanical properties of granite using digital image processing and discrete element method

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矿业科学技术学报:英文版 2023年第8期33卷 949-962页

作者： Changdi He Brijes Mishra Qingwen Shi Yun Zhao Dajun Lin Xiao Wang Department of Mining Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA College of Mine Safety North China Institute of Science and TechnologyLangfang 065201China Department of Mining Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantown 26506USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA College of Energy and Mining Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China

This study investigated the correlations between mechanical properties and mineralogy of granite using the digital image processing(DIP) and discrete element method(DEM). The results showed that the X-ray diffraction(XRD)-based DIP method effectively analyzed the mineral composition contents and spatial distributions of granite. During the particle flow code(PFC2D) model calibration phase, the numerical simulation exhibited that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) value, elastic modulus(E), and failure pattern of the granite specimen in the UCS test were comparable to the experiment. By establishing 351 sets of numerical models and exploring the impacts of mineral composition on the mechanical properties of granite, it indicated that there was no negative correlation between quartz and feldspar for UCS, tensile strength(σ_(t)), and E. In contrast, mica had a significant negative correlation for UCS, σ_(t), and E. The presence of quartz increased the brittleness of granite, whereas the presence of mica and feldspar increased its ductility in UCS and direct tensile strength(DTS) tests. Varying contents of major mineral compositions in granite showed minor influence on the number of cracks in both UCS and DTS tests.

关键词： Granite Digital image processing Discrete element method mineral composition Mechanical properties

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Nanoscale mechanical property variations concerning mineral composition and contact of marine shale

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 165-180页

作者： Yong Li Jianqi Chen Derek Elsworth Zhejun Pan Xiaotian Ma State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining College of Geosciences and Surveying EngineeringChina University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China Department of Energy and mineral Engineering GeosciencesEMS Energy Institute and the G3 CenterPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqingHeilongjiang 163318China

Mechanical properties of shales are key parameters influencing hydrocarbon production – impacting borehole stability, hydraulic fracture extension and microscale variations in in situ stress. We use Ordovician shale(Sichuan Basin, China) as a type-example to characterize variations in mineral particle properties at microscale including particle morphology, form of contact and spatial distribution via mineral liberation analysis(MLA) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Deformation-based constitutive models are then built using finite element methods to define the impact of various architectures of fracture and mineral distributions at nanometer scale on the deformation characteristics at *** compositions of siliceous, calcareous and clay mineral particles are shown to be the key factors influencing brittleness. Shales with similar mineral composition show a spectrum of equivalent medium mechanical properties due to differing particle morphology and mineral heterogeneity. The predominance of small particles and/or point-point contacts are conducive to brittle failure, in general, and especially so when quartz-rich. Fracture morphology, length and extent of filling all influence shale deformability. High aspect-ratio fractures concentrate stress at fracture tips and are conducive to extension, as when part-filled by carbonate minerals. As fracture spacing increases, stress transfer between adjacent fractures weakens, stress concentrations are amplified and fracture extension is favored. The higher the fractal dimension of the fracture and heterogeneity of the host the more pervasive the fractures. Moreover, when fractures extend, their potential for intersection and interconnection contributes to a reduction in strength and the promotion of brittle failure. Thus, these results provide important theoretical insights into the role of heterogeneity on the deformability and strength of shale reservoirs with practical implications for their stimulation an

关键词： Shale oil and gas Shale lithofacies mineral composition Multiscale mechanical property Nanoscale mechanics Finite-element simulation

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mineral composition and organic geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation source rock from the Qingxi Sag,Jiuquan Basin, Northwest China

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Petroleum Science 2018年第1期15卷 51-67页

作者： Gang Gao Wei-Wei Zhang Guo-Fu Ma Guo Chen Tao Li Ling-Zhi Hu Zhi-Ming Yang Jian-Guo Wang Jun Yang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Research Institute of Exploration and Development Yumen Oilfield Company CNPC

The Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation contains the major source rocks for the crude oils discovered in the Qingxi Sag and the South Uplift in the Jiuquan Basin, northwestern China. The Xiagou Formation source rock was formed in a closed,anoxic, reducing, alkaline lacustrine environment with a high salinity. Its high content of brittle minerals is favorable for the fracturing of reservoirs in source rock formations in the Qingxi Sag. The Xiagou Formation contains a great number of fair to excellent source rocks, and their organic matter（OM） came chiefly from plankton/algae and high plants as well as possibly bacterial organisms. The Xiagou Formation source rocks mainly contain Type II OM and some Type III and Type I OM, with good oil-generating potential. The source rock maturity is mainly in the early-mature and mature stages, and its Rovalue corresponding to oil peak is about 0.8%, which is lower than classic oil peak Rovalue of 1.0%; therefore, a great deal of hydrocarbon was generated before the classic oil peak Ro= 1.0%. Mature source rock in the Xiagou Formation tends to be distributed in the older members and at a greater depth. There is a better exploration potential of tight oil in the deep Qingxi Sag.

关键词： mineral composition Geochemistry Source rock Xiagou Formation Qingxi Sag Jiuquan Basin

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mineral composition and particle size distribution of river sediment and loess in the middle and lower Yellow River

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第3期36卷 392-400页

作者： Shimin Tian Zhiwei Li Zhaoyin Wang Enhui Jiang Wenlong Wang Meng Sun Key Laboratory of Yellow River Sediment Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Water Resources China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

Hyperconcentrated flows often occur in the middle and lower Yellow River(MLYR) and its tributaries,within which the main sediment source originates from the Loess Plateau of China due to serious water erosion. Little is known about the properties of river sediment that is transported by hyperconcentrated flows, particularly with respect to the mineral composition and size distribution. Samples of sediment and loess were collected in the northern, middle, and southern Loess Plateau and the mainstream and tributaries of the MLYR. A total of 18 loess samples and 24 river sediment samples were analyzed to determine their sediment size distribution and mineral composition. The bottom loess samples reflected the original sedimentary features of the Loess Plateau, and the median particle size reduced, and the clay content increased from the north to the south of the study region. The surface loess has been weathered under the action of wind and rainfall, and the clay particle content in the surface loess samples was higher than that in the undisturbed bottom loess. Erosion of the surface soil due to rainfall and surface runoff means that fine particles(mostly clay) have been washed away. The median diameter of surface loess particles was a little larger than that of the bottom loess particles where water erosion *** particle size became coarser with increasing distance from the estuary in the MLYR, which reflects depositional sorting in the river channel. Significant logarithmic relations were found between the median diameter of the sediment particles and the i) non-clay mineral content and ii) clay mineral content. Thus, clay and non-clay mineral compositions can be conveniently estimated from the particle size distribution.

关键词： River sediment Loess mineral composition Particle size distribution Clay minerals

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Petrogenesis and mineralization of Two-Stage A-Type Granites in Jiuyishan,South China:Constraints from Whole-rock Geochemistry, mineral composition and Zircon U-Pb-Hf Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第4期93卷 874-900页

作者： LIU Ye LAI Jianqing XIAO Wenzhou Dick JEFFREY DU Rijun LI Shuanglian LIU Chaoyun WEN Chunhua YU Xiaohang Key Laboratory of Metaallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Enironment Monitoring Ministry of EducationCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Hunan Institute of Geological Survey Changsha 410116China College of Marine Science and Technology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The Jiuyishan complex massif,located in the northern section of the Nanling region,is a combination of five plutons,namely,the Xuehuading,Jinjiling,Pangxiemu,Shaziling and Xishan ***-rock geochemistry,Imineral electron microprobe analysis,zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis were carried out for the Jinjiling and Pangxiemu *** zircon U-Pb dating yields weighted mean ages of 152.9±0.9 Ma for the Jinjiling pluton and 151.7±1.5 Ma for the Pangxiemu pluton,with a narrow gap between *** Jinjiling and Pangxiemu plutons both have geochemical characteristics of high SiO2,Al2 O3,Na2 O,K2 O and low TiO2,MgO,CaO,P2 O5 contents,with intense depletions in Sr,Ba,Ti,Eu and enrichments in Ga,FeoOT and HFSE,and these characteristics reflect an A-type *** the Jinjiling to the Pangxiemu plutons,the mineral composition of mica changes from lepidomelane to zinnwaldite,with increases in F,Li2 O and Rb2 O *** mineral composition of zircon changes from low Zr/Hf to high Zr/Hf,with increasing HfO2,P2 O5 and UO2+ThO2+Y2 O3 *** mineral compositions of feldspar indicate that the Pangxiemu pluton contains more alkali feldspar than the Jinjiling *** whole-rock geochemistry and mineral compositions reveal a higher degree of differentiation for the Pangxiemu *** nearly uniformεHf(t)indicates the same source region for the two plutons:both were derived from partial melting of the lower crust,with small contributions of mantle *** addition,higher F,lower Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios in the Pangxiemu Pluton suggest a closer relationship with the rare metal mineralization than for the Jinjiling pluton.

关键词： zircon U-Pb dating mineral composition A-type granite rare metal mineralization Jinjiling pluton Pangxiemu pluton

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Long-Term Effect of Fertilizer and Rice Straw on mineral composition and Potassium Adsorption in a Reddish Paddy Soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 694-710页

作者： LIAO Yu-lin ZHENG Sheng-xian NIE Jun XIE Jian LU Yan-hong QIN Xiao-bo Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Hunan) Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment Ministry of Agriculture

Increasing K＋ adsorption can be an effective alternative in building an available K pool in soils to optimize crop recovery and minimize losses into the environment. We hypothesized that long-term fertilization might change K＋ adsorption because of changes in the chemical and mineralogical properties of a rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The aims of this study were （i） to determine clay minerals in paddy soil clay size fractions using X-ray diffraction methods and a numerical diagramdecomposition method; （ii） to measure K＋ adsorption isotherms before and after H202 oxidation of organic matter, and （iii） to investigate whether K＋ adsorption is correlated with changes in soil chemical and mineral properties. The 30-yr longterm fertilization treatments caused little change in soil organic C （SOC） but a large variation in soil mineral composition. The whole-clay fraction （〈5 Jam） corresponded more to the fertilization treatment than the fine-clay fraction （〈1 gin） in terms of percentage of illite peak area. The total percentage of vermiculite-chlorite peak area was significantly negatively correlated with the total percentage ofillite peak area in the 〈5 lam soil particles （R=-0.946, P〈0.0006）. Different fertilization treatments gave significantly different results in K＋ adsorption. The SOC oxidation test showed positive effects of SOC on K＋ adsorption at lower K＋ concentration （≤120 mg L-0 and negative effects at higher K＋ concentration （240 mg L-l）. The K＋ adsorption by soil clay minerals after SOC oxidization accounted for 60-158% of that by unoxidized soils, suggesting a more important role of soil minerals than SOC on K＋ adsorption. The K＋ adsorption potential was significantly correlated to the amount of poorly crystallized illite present （R--0.879, P=0.012）. The availability of adsorbed K＋ for plant growth needs further study.

关键词： long-term experiment mineral composition potassium adsorption reddish paddy soil

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Experimental of the influence of mineral composition and normal stress on the frictional slip of shale

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Earthquake Research Advances 2021年第2期1卷 40-48页

作者： Xiaodi Li Jianbo Wang Wei Zhou Jiantong Liu Li Qu Petroleum Institute China University of Petroleum-Beijing at KaramayKaramay 834000China Research Institute of Experiment and Detection of Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000China Unconventional oil and Gas Technology Research Institute China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Kela Oil and Gas Development Department of PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla 841000China

Natural fractures are widely distributed in shale *** the hydraulic fracturing process,frictional slip occurring on natural fractures can increase the reservoir permeability and is of great significance to improve the efficiency of reservoir *** contains a large amount of clay and organic matter,and its frictional behavior is different from that of other previously studied *** this paper,the frictional behavior of shale is analyzed,and the results show that the frictional behavior is controlled by the content of clay and organic *** the content of clay and organic matter increases,the micro support type transforms from the particle support mode by hard quartz mineral to matrix support mode by plastic clay and organic ***,the shear strength and friction coefficient of shale both decrease,and the shear type transforms from brittle to *** the content of clay and organic matter is low,the asperity of friction surfaces will break in a brittle manner and the wear degree of surfaces is ***,fractures are still featured by moderate apertures after *** lower the content of clay and organic matter is,the easier the asperity of crack surfaces supports themselves,and the higher the fracture residual permeability ***,promoting shear slip is the main measure of reservoir ***,when the content of clay and organic matter is high,the remaining post-slip fracture aperture is *** is difficult to increase reservoir permeability through the frictional slip of natural fractures,and in this situation,the proppant support efficiency needs to be improved.

关键词： Shale mineral composition Frictional slip Friction coefficient Roughness

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Textures and mineral compositions of the Xinjie layered intrusion,SW China:Implications for the origin of magnetite and fractionation process of Fe-Ti-rich basaltic magmas

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第5期4卷 503-515页

作者： Huan Dong Changming Xing Christina Yan Wang Key Laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Xinjie layered intrusion in the Panxi region,SW China,hosts both Fe-Ti oxide and platinum-group element（PGE） sulfide *** intrusion can be divided,from the base upward,into UnitsⅠ,ⅡandⅢ,in terms of mineral ***ⅠandⅡare mainly composed of wehrlite and clino-pyroxenite, whereas UnitⅢis mainly composed of *** sulfide-rich layers mainly occur in Unit I, whereas thick Fe-Ti oxide-rich layers mainly occur in UnitⅢ.An ilmenite-rich layer occurs at the top of UnitⅠ.Fe-Ti oxides include magnetite and *** amounts of cumulus and intercumulus magnetite occur in UnitsⅠandⅡ.Cumulus magnetite grains are commonly euhedral and enclosed within olivine and *** have high Cr2O3 contents ranging from 6.02 to 22.5 wt.%,indicating that they are likely an early crystallized phase from *** magnetite that usually displays ilmenite exsolution occupies the interstices between cumulus olivine crystals and coexists with interstitial clinopyroxene and *** magnetite has Cr2O3 ranging from 1.65 to 6.18 wt.%, lower than cumulus *** intercumulus magnetite may have crystallized from the trapped *** amounts of magnetite in UnitⅢcontains Cr2O3（＆lt;0.28 wt.%） much lower than magnetite in UnitsⅠandⅡ.The magnetite in UnitⅢis proposed to be accumulated from a Fe-Ti-rich *** Fe-Ti-rich melt is estimated to contain 35.9 wt.%of SiO2,26.9 wt.%of FeOt,8.2 wt.%of TiO2,13.2 wt.%of CaO, 8.3 wt.%of MgO,5.5 wt.%of Al2O3 and 1.0 wt.%of *** composition is comparable with the Fe-rich melts in the Skaergaard and Sept Iles *** non-reactive microstructures,granophyre pockets and ilmenite-rich intergrowths,are representative of Si-rich melt and Fe-Ti-rich melt,and are the direct evidence for the existence of an immiscible Fe-Ti-rich melt that formed from an evolved ferro-basaltic magma.

关键词： Geochemistry Fe-Ti oxides mineral composition The Xinjie layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion Emeishan large igneous province

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Inversion of the Main mineral compositions and Subdivision of Tectonic Units on Lunar LQ-4 based on Chang'e Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第6期89卷 1882-1894页

作者： WANG Xiang CHEN Jianping XU Yanbo ZHENG Yongchun YAN Bokun WU Yunzhao China University of Geosciences The Institute of High and New Techniques applied to Land Resources China University of Geosciences Shandong Gold Geology and mineral Exploration Co. Ltd. National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences of Nanjing University

Spectra are sensitive in detecting main minerals on the lunar surface from visible light to infrared light. Since spectral characteristics of minerals are closely related to their compositions and the maturity level of soil on the Moon, studying the compositions and distribution of elements and minerals on the lunar surface can help to understand the evolution of the Moon through remote sensing technology. The correlation between the spectral characteristics of Chang＇e-1 interference imaging spectrometry（IIM） reflectance images and the mineral contents of LSCC（Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium） lunar surface mineral samples was discussed and the spatial distributions of Fe O and Al_2O_3 contained in both pyroxene and plagioclase on LQ-4 were studied using the improved angle parameter method, MNF, and band ratio statistics. A comparison of the mapping results of the optical models by Lucey, Shkuractov and other researchers on Clementine and the gamma ray spectrometry data shows that the content error is within 0.6% for lunar mare areas and close to 1% for the highland areas. The tectonic framework on the lunar surface was also investigated. And based on integrated analysis of previous findings on topography of the lunar surface, Chang＇e LAM, CCD and LOLA images and the gravity anomalies data（Clementine GLGM-2）, the tectonic unit subdivision was established for LQ-4, the idea of subdividing the lunar tectonic units was proposed, and this will provide a good foundation for studying the lunar tectonic evolution.

关键词： Lunar Chang'e-1 mineral composition MNF tectonic units tectonic elements

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