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Calibration of the space-borne microwave humidity sounder based on real-time thermal emission from lunar surface

Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第3期64卷 494-502页

作者： Niutao LIU Yaqiu JIN Key Laboratory of Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves(MoE) Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China

Calibration is a key issue for quantitative application of meteorological satellite data. The complex space environment may cause many uncertainties in data calibration. A highly stable and reliable calibrator in flight is needed. Because the Moon has no atmosphere and no environmental variation, the physical and chemical properties of its surface are stable in the long term. The Moon might be an ideal candidate for in-flight thermal calibration. In advanced satellite-borne microwave remote sensing such as NOAA-18, the deep space view(DSV) of the microwave humidity sounder(MHS) has viewed the Moon many times every *** the thermal-physical properties of the lunar regolith derived from the Diviner infrared(IR) brightness temperature(TB) data,we solve the one-dimensional heat conduction equation to obtain the temperature profile of the near side of the lunar regolith medium. The loss tangents of the regolith medium are retrieved from microwave TB data of the Chinese satellite Chang’e-2. The integrated radiative transfer equation is used to simulate the weighted disk-average TB of the lunar surface for the MHS channels at89, 157, and 183 GHz for the year 2011. The Moon is taken as an extended circular target. The simulated TBs are used to correct the full width at half maximum(FWHM) fitted with the MHS counts. We analyze the influences of the distance between the satellite and the Moon, the lunar phase angle, and the FWHM of the radiometer on the inverted FWHM. The corrected TB data are compared with the simulation. This paper presents a new method for thermal calibration of spaceborne in-flight microwave and millimeter-wave radiometers with the weighted disk-average TB of the lunar surface.

关键词： microwave humidity sounder Tb calibration Thermal emission of lunar surface FWHM

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Reprocessing 12-yr microwave humidity sounder Historical Data of Fengyun-3 Satellites

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第2期36卷 261-270页

作者： Yang GUO Fangli DOU Qiong WU Jieying HE Shengwei ZHANG Zhenzhan WANG Songyan GU Peng ZHANG Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Innovation Center for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190

Atmospheric water vapor is an essential climate variable(ECV)with extensive spatial and temporal *** humidity observations from meteorological satellites provide important information for climate system variables,including atmospheric water vapor and precipitable water,and assimilation in numerical weather prediction(NWP)and *** one of the payloads onboard China’s second-generation polar-orbiting operational meteorological Fengyun-3(FY-3)satellites,the microwave humidity sounder(MWHS)has been continuously observing the global humidity since *** reprocessing of historical FY-3 MWHS data is documented in detail in this *** calibrating and correcting the data,the quality of the reprocessed dataset is evaluated and the improvement is shown in this *** results suggest that MWHS observations bias is reduced to approximately 0.8 K,compared with METOP-A microwave humidity sounder(MHS).The temporal variability of MWHS is highly correlated with the instrument *** reprocessing,the scene temperature dependency is mitigated for all 183 GHz channels,and the consistency and stability between FY-3A/B/C are also improved.

关键词： Fengyun-3 microwave humidity sounder historical data reprocessing

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Assimilation of Feng-Yun-3B Satellite microwave humidity sounder Data over Land

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第3期35卷 268-275页

作者： Keyi CHEN Niels BORMANN Stephen ENGLISH Jiang ZHU School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information & Technology Chengdu Sichuan 610225 China International Centre for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics China Beijing 100029 China European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading RG2 9AX UK

The ECMWF has been assimilating Feng-Yun-3B （FY-3B） satellite microwave humidity sounder （MWHS） data over ocean in an operational forecasting system since 24 September 2014, It is more difficult, however, to assimilate microwave observations over land and sea ice than over the open ocean due to higher uncertainties in land surface temperature, surface emissivity and less effective cloud screening. We compare approaches in which the emissivity is retrieved dynamically from MWHS channel l [150 GHz （vertical polarization）] with the use of an evolving emissivity atlas from 89 GHz observations from the MWHS onboard NOAA and EUMETSAT satellites. The assimilation of the additional data over land improves the fit of short-range forecasts to other observations, notably ATMS （Advanced Technology microwave sounder） humidity channels, and the forecast impacts are mainly neutral to slightly positive over the first five days. The forecast impacts are better in boreal summer and the Southern Hemisphere. These results suggest that the techniques tested allow for effective assimilation of MWHS/FY-3B data over land.

关键词： data assimilation over land Chinese satellite FY-3B microwave humidity sounder

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Development and Initial Assessment of a New Land Index for microwave humidity sounder Cloud Detection

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2016年第1期30卷 12-37页

作者：秦正坤邹晓蕾 Center of Data Assimilation for Research and Application Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland

This paper describes a new quality control （QC） scheme for microwave humidity sounder （MHS） data assimilation. It consists of a cloud detection step and an O-B （i.e., differences of brightness temperatures between observations and model simulations） check. Over ocean, cloud detection can be carried out based on two MHS window channels and two Advanced microwave Sounding Unit-A （AMSU-A） window channels, which can be used for obtaining cloud ice water path （IWP） and liquid water path （LWP）, respectively. Over land, cloud detection of microwave data becomes much more challenging due to a much larger emission contribution from land surface than that from cloud. The current MHS cloud detection over land employs an 0-]3 based method, which could fail to identify cloudy radiances when there is mismatch between actual clouds and model clouds. In this study, a new MHS observation based index is developed for identifying MHS cloudy radiances over land. The new land index for cloud detection exploits the large variability of brightness temperature observations among MHS channels over different clouds, It is shown that those MHS cloudy radiances that were otherwise missed by the current O-B based QC method can be successfully identified by the new land index. An O-B check can then be employed to the remaining data after cloud detection to remove additional outliers with model simulations deviated greatly from observations. It is shown that MHS channel correlations are significantly reduced by the newly proposed QC scheme.

关键词： microwave humidity sounder cloud detection data assimilation

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Assessment and Assimilation of FY-3 humidity sounders and Imager in the UK Met Office Global Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 46-58页

作者： Fabien CARMINATI Brett CANDY William BELL Nigel ATKINSON UK Met Office Exeter EX1 3PBUK ECMWF ReadingUK

China＇s FengYnn 3 （FY-3） polar orbiting satellites axe set to become an important sonrce of observational data for nu- merical weather prediction （NWP）, atmospheric reanalyses, and climate monitoring studies over the next two decades. As part of the Climate Science for Service Partnership China （CSSP China） prograln, FY-3B microwave humidity sounder 1 （MWHS-1） and FY-3C MWHS-2 observations have been thoroughly assessed and prepared for operational assimilation. This represents the first time observations from China＇s polar orbiting satellites have been used in the UK＇s global NWP model. Since 2016, continuous data quality monitoring has shown occasional bias changes found to be correlated to changes in the energy supply scheme regulating the platform heating system and other transient anomalies. Nonetheless, MWHS-1 and MWHS-2 significantly contribute to the 24-h forecast error reduction by 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively, and the combination of both instruments is shown to improve the fit to the model background of independent sounders by up to 1%. The observations from the microwave Radiation Imager （MWRI） also are a potentially significant source of benefits for NWP models, but a solar-dependent bias observed in the instrument half-orbits has prevented their assimilation. This paper presents the bases of a correction scheme developed at the Met Office for the purpose of a future assimilation of MWRI data.

关键词： microwave humidity sounder microwave Radiation Imager numerical weather prediction

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