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Biological Control of the Weed Sesbania exaltata Using a microsclerotia Formulation of the Bioherbicide <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第18期5卷 2672-2685页

作者： Clyde D. Boyette Hamed K. Abbas Bobbie Johnson Robert E. Hoagland Mark A. Weaver United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

Colletotrichum truncatum, grown on rice grain (3 to 4 weeks, 22°C to 24°C) produced a fungus-infested rice mixture of microsclerotia and conidia (spores) in a ratio of ~9:1, respectively. Greenhouse tests of this formulation (0.4 to 50 mg finely-ground fungus-rice product) which applied pre-emergence to 5 cm2 of soil surface, caused 22% to 96% hemp sesbania plant mortality, after 14 days. Post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice aqueous formulation;2.4 × 105 microsclerotia ml-1, 30% unrefined corn oil and 0.2% Silwet L-77 surfactant) of weeds surviving the pre-emergence application, resulted in 93% mortality, after 14 days. Based on greenhouse results, field tests were undertaken: 1) pre-emergence treatment (fungus-rice formulation at 2.4 × 105 microsclerotia cm-2), 2) post-emergence (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) only treatment, applied 15 days after planting and 3) pre-emergence treatment followed by post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) applied 15 days after planting to surviving weeds. Control treatments were: 1) autoclaved rice product sans fungus, 2) unrefined corn oil (30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet in water) and 3) untreated plants. Planting dates were: early season (April-May), early-mid season (June-July), late-mid season (July-August), and late season (September-October). Weed mortality was recorded at 15 days for the pre-plus post-treatment, and at 30 days after planting for the pre-emergence only and the post-treatment only. The early season, pre-emergence treatment caused 67% hemp sesbania mortality (3-yr average) within 15 days and the post-emergence treatment caused 91% mortality of the surviving weeds. In the late-mid-season, pre-emergence treatment caused minimal (80%. Results suggest that seasonal environmental conditions are important in the efficacy of this C. truncatum-rice product formula

关键词： Bioherbicide Biological Weed Control Colletotrichum truncatum Mycoherbicide Sesbania exaltata microsclerotia Solid Growth Media Substrate

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Exploration the regulation Genes of microsclerotia Development in Nomuraea rileyi

Exploration the regulation Genes of Microsclerotia Developme...

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中国菌物学会2016年学术年会

作者：宋章永 Youping Yin 王中康 Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide School of Life ScienceChongqing University

Over the past 50 years,the control of insects with fungal pathogens has been a very active of research and has resulted in a large number of commercially-available *** than 150 entomopathogens products have been commercialized until *** 75% of these products:Metarhizium anisopliae,Beauveria bassiana,*** and Isaria *** routine component is conidia,naturally-infective propagule and production via liquid and solid substrate ***,other fungi,such as Nomuraea rileyi and ***,are not suited for solid substrate conidia *** are urgent requirements to find alternative active propagule of these fungi for commercial ***（MS） with a diameter of 50-600 μm,are pseudoparenchymatous aggregations of hyphae,comprising only a few *** are produced as overwintering propagules by many phytopathogenic *** can survive long periods in adverse environments by producing *** biological applications,MS had been successfully induced in submerged liquid culture fermentation in many entomogenous fungi,such as Metarhizium spp.,***,***,and *** experiments using MS granules to biocontrol assay demonstrated that the MS granules can be used as a mycoinsecticide for management of insect *** Microbial laboratory of Chongqing University had successfully induced MS production of *** in liquid amended medium（AM） and had investigated the molecular mechanism of MS formation through comparative transcriptome analysis and found that internal oxidative stress could trigger MS *** results of investigation showed that exogenous low dose of H2O2 or menadione could contribute to MS ***,exogenous ascorbic acid inhibits MS *** research works on the functional genes of the respiratory chain of *** verificated that the reactive oxygen species（ROS） were generated and related to MS *** the mecha

关键词： Entomogenous Fungi microsclerotia Molecular Mechanism

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VdPKS1 is required for melanin formation and virulence in a cotton wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第8期60卷 868-879页

作者： Ting Zhang Bosen Zhang Chenlei Hua Pei Meng Sheng Wang Zhirong Chen Yejuan Du Feng Gao Jiafeng Huang College of Agriculture Shihezi University and Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource UtilizationShihezi 832003China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus that causes vascular wilt disease in a broad range of hosts. This pathogen survives for many years in soil in the form ofmelanized microsclerotia. To investigate the melanin synthesis in V.. dahliae, we identified a polyketide synthase gene in V. dahliae, namely VdPKS1. PKS1 is known to involve in the dihydroxynaphthalene melanin synthesis pathway in many fungi. We found that VdPKS1 was required for melanin formation but not for microsclerotial production in E dahliae. The VdPKS1 gene-disruption mutant （vdpksl） formed melanin-deficient albino microsclerotia, which did not affect the fungal colonization in host tissues but significantly reduced the disease severity. Gene transcription analysis in the wild-type and the vdpks1 strains suggested that VdPKS1 gene-disruption influenced the expression of a series of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, microsclerotial formation and pathogenesis. Our results suggest that the VdPKS1-mediated melanin synthesis is important for virulence and developmental traits of E dahliae.

关键词： Verticillium dahliae VdPKS1 melanin virulence conidiation microsclerotia

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