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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第3期8卷 554-564页

作者： Boda Ning Qing-Long Han Lei Ding Center for Smart Infrastructure and Digital Construction Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneVIC 3122Australia School of Software and Electrical Engineering Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneVIC 3122Australia Institute of Advanced Technology Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

This paper addresses the problem of distributed secondary control for islanded AC microgrids with external *** using a full-order sliding-mode(FOSM)approach,voltage regulation and frequency restoration are achieved in finite *** voltage regulation,a distributed observer is proposed for each distributed generator(DG)to estimate a reference voltage *** from some conventional observers,the reference voltage level in this paper is accurately estimated under directed communication *** on the observer,a new nonlinear controller is designed in a backstepping manner such that an FOSM surface is reached in finite *** the surface,the voltages of DGs are regulated to the reference level in finite *** frequency restoration,a distributed controller is further proposed such that a constructed FOSM surface is reached in finite time,on which the frequencies of DGs are restored to a reference level in finite time under directed communication ***,case studies on a modified IEEE 37-bus test system are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness,the robustness against load changes,and the plug-and-play capability of the proposed controllers.

关键词： Directed communication topologies distributed secondary control external disturbances full-order sliding-mode control microgrids

Average Current Control with Internal Model Control and Real-time Frequency Decoupling for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in microgrids

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第2期11卷 511-522页

作者： Alejandro Latorre Wilmar Martinez Camilo A.Cortes EMC-UN Research Group Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotaColombia KU Leuven Campus DiepenbeekEnergy Ville 1-GenkBelgiumDiepenbeekBelgium

Among hybrid energy storage systems(HESSs),battery-ultracapacitor systems in active topology use DC/DC power converters for their *** are part of the solutions designed to improve the operation of power systems in different *** the residential microgrid applications,a multilevel control system is required to manage the available energy and interactions among the microgrid *** this purpose,a rule-based power management system is designed,whose operation is validated in the simulation,and the performances of different controllers are compared to select the best strategy for the DC/DC *** average current control with internal model control and real-time frequency decoupling is proposed as the most suitable controller according to the contemplated performance parameters,allowing voltage regulation values close to 1%.The results are validated using real-time hardware-in-the-loop(HIL).These systems can be easily adjusted for other applications such as electric vehicles.

关键词： Internal model control energy management system(EMS) hybrid energy storage system(HESS) microgrids real-time frequency decoupling

Fixed-time Distributed Voltage and Reactive Power Compensation of Islanded microgrids Using Sliding-mode and Multi-agent Consensus Design

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第1期10卷 232-240页

作者： Mohamed Ghazzali Mohamed Haloua Fouad Giri Electrical Engineering Department Mohammadia School of EngineersUniversity Mohammed VRabatMorocco Caen Automation Laboratory(LAC) Caen Normandie University(UNICAEN)CaenFrance

This paper investigates a fixed-time distributed voltage and reactive power compensation of islanded microgrids using sliding-mode and multi-agent consensus design.A distributed sliding-mode control protocol is proposed to ensure voltage regulation and reference tracking before the desired preset fixed-time despite the unknown *** reactive power sharings among distributed generators are *** secondary controller is synthesized without the knowledge of any parameter of the *** is implemented using a sparse one-way communication network modeled as a directed graph.A comparative simulation study is conducted to highlight the performance of the proposed control strategy in comparison with finite-time and asymptotic control systems with load power variations.

关键词： Secondary controller microgrids reactive power control voltage control

Hierarchical dispatch of multiple microgrids using nodal price:an approach from consensus and replicator dynamics

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第6期7卷 1573-1584页

作者： Miguel A.VELASQUEZ Oscar TORRES-PEREZ Nicanor QUIJANO Angela CADENA Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universidad de los AndesBogotaColombia

A hierarchical approach for the energy management of geographically close microgrids connected through a dedicated AC power network is proposed in this *** proposed approach consists of a two-layer energy management system(EMS)for networked *** the lower layer,each micro grid solves its own economic dispatch problem through a distributed model predictive control approach that respects capacity limits and ramp-rate constraints of distributed *** the upper layer,the energy trading in the network of microgrids decides how to optimally trade the energy based on the marginal cost information from the lower layer in order to improve global optimization objectives,e.g.,social *** order to solve the trading problem,a consensusbased algorithm and a replicator dynamics algorithm are proposed assuming that the marginal cost function of the microgrid is known and *** is shown that both algorithms converge to the same solution,which is equivalent to the minimization of operation *** consensus-based algorithm is extended in order to tackle more general marginal cost functions and trading network ***,the effect of ramp constraints and network limits is *** show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for three interconnected microgrids with different characteristics.

关键词： Consensus Economic dispatch Hierarchical control Networked microgrids Ramp limits Replicator dynamics

Topology-independent end-to-end learning model for improving the voltage profile in microgrids-integrated power distribution networks

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第2期17卷 211-227页

作者： Hanyi WANG Renjie LUO Qun YU Zhiyi LI College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

With multiple microgrids(MGs)integrated into power distribution networks in a distributed manner,the penetration of renewable energy like photovoltaic(PV)power generation ***,the operation of power distribution networks is challenged by the issues of multiple power flow directions and voltage ***,an efficient voltage control strategy is needed to ensure voltage security against ever-changing operating conditions,especially when the network topology information is absent or *** this paper,we propose a novel data-driven voltage profile improvement model,denoted as system-wide composite adaptive network(SCAN),which depends on operational data instead of network topology details in the context of power distribution networks integrated with multiple *** existing studies that realize topology identification and decisionmaking optimization in sequence,the proposed end-to-end model determines the optimal voltage control decisions in one *** specifically,the proposed model consists of four modules,Pre-training Network and modified interior point methods with adversarial networks(Modified IPMAN)as core modules,and discriminator generative adversarial network(Dis-GAN)and Volt convolutional neural network(Volt-CNN)as ancillary *** particular,the generator in SCAN is trained by the core modules in sequence so as to form an end-to-end mode from data to *** experiments based on IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus systems have validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

关键词： send-to-end learning microgrids voltage profile improvement generative adversarial network

Distributed Cooperative Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems in DC microgrids

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第3期8卷 606-616页

作者： Tingyang Meng Zongli Lin Yacov A.Shamash Charles L.Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4743 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794-2350 USA

The control of battery energy storage systems(BESSs)plays an important role in the management of *** this paper,the problem of balancing the state-ofcharge(SoC)of the networked battery units in a BESS while meeting the total charging/discharging power requirement is formulated and solved as a distributed control *** on the communication topology among the battery units are established under which a control law is designed for each battery unit to solve the control problem based on distributed average reference power estimators and distributed average unit state *** types of estimators are *** achieves asymptotic estimation and the other achieves finite time *** show that,under the proposed control laws,SoC balancing of all battery units is achieved and the total charging/discharging power of the BESS tracks the desired power.A simulation example is shown to verify the theoretical results.

关键词： Cooperative control energy storage systems microgrids multi-agent systems

Coalition Formation of microgrids with Distributed Energy Resources and Energy Storage in Energy Market

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第5期8卷 906-918页

作者： Jaber Valinejad Mousa Marzband Mert Korkali Yijun Xu Ameena Saad Al-Sumaiti IEEE Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechNorthern Virginia CenterGreater Washington D.C.VA 22043USA Department of Computer Science Virginia TechNorthern Virginia CenterGreater Washington D.C.VA 22043USA Department of Mathematics Physicsand Electrical EngineeringNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleUK Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Computational Engineering Division Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94550USA Advanced Power and Energy Center Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiP.O.Box 127788UAE

Power grids include entities such as home-microgrids(H-MGs),consumers,and retailers,each of which has a unique and sometimes contradictory objective compared with others while exchanging electricity and heat with other ***,there is the need for a smart structure to handle the new *** paper proposes a bilevel hierarchical structure for designing and planning distributed energy resources(DERs)and energy storage in H-MGs by considering the demand response(DR).In general,the upper-level structure is based on H-MG generation competition to maximize their individual and/or group income in the process of forming a coalition with other *** upper-level problem is decomposed into a set of low-level market clearing *** electricity and heat markets are simultaneously modeled in this ***,including wind turbines(WTs),combined heat and power(CHP)systems,electric boilers(EBs),electric heat pumps(EHPs),and electric energy storage systems,participate in the electricity *** addition,CHP systems,gas boilers(GBs),EBs,EHPs,solar thermal panels,and thermal energy storage systems participate in the heat *** show that the formation of a coalition among H-MGs present in one grid will not only have a significant effect on programming and regulating the value of the power generated by the generation resources,but also impact the demand consumption and behavior of consumers participating in the DR program with a cheaper market clearing price.

关键词： microgrids distributed energy resource(DER) electricity market heat market demand response(DR) coalition formation energy storage

Primary and secondary control in DC microgrids: a review

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第2期7卷 227-242页

作者： Fei GAO Ren KANG Jun CAO Tao YANG Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordUK Mixergy OxfordUK School of Geography Geology and the EnvironmentKeele UniversityKeeleUK Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering The University of NottinghamNottinghamUK

With the rapid development of power electronics technology, microgrid(MG) concept has been widely accepted in the field of electrical engineering. Due to the advantages of direct current(DC)distribution systems such as reduced losses and easy integration with energy storage resources, DC MGs have drawn increasing attentions nowadays. With the increase of distributed generation, a DC MG consisting of multiple sources is a hot research topic. The challenge in such a multi-source DC MG is to provide voltage support and good power sharing performance. As the control strategy plays an important role in ensuring MG’s power quality and efficiency, a comprehensive review of the state-of-art control approaches in DC MGs is necessary. This paper provides an overview of the primary and secondary control methods under the hierarchical control architecture for DC MGs. Specifically,inner loop and droop control approaches in primary control are reviewed. Centralized, distributed and decentralized approach based secondary control is discussed in *** findings and future trends are also presented at last.

关键词： Primary control Secondary control DC microgrids Droop control Power sharing

A simplified stability analysis method for LV inverter-based microgrids

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第3期7卷 612-620页

作者： Bu lent DAG MTimur AYDEMIR Space Technologies Research Institute TUBITAKAnkaraTurkey Gazi University Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department AnkaraTurkey

This paper presents a simplified small-signal stability analysis method for low voltage(LV) inverterbased microgrids, in a generalized manner. The simplification is based on a simplified microgrid structure that relies on dominating inverter coupling impedances with respect to interconnecting line impedances of LV distribution networks. The analysis is further simplified by analytically determining equilibrium points of system state variables in terms of known microgrid parameters. And it eliminates the additional analysis required for determination of the equilibrium points of the state variables. Simulation and analysis results show that the proposed method successfully predicts the instability boundaries of microgrid systems for resistive interconnecting lines.

关键词： Inverters microgrids Stability analysis Droop control Distribution networks

Multi-objective energy management system for DC microgrids based on maximum membership degree principle

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第4期6卷 668-678页

作者： Panbao WANG Wei WANG Nina MENG Dianguo XU School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology

With the increasing quantity of DC electrical equipment, DC microgrids have been paid more and more attention. This paper proposes an approach to multi-objective optimisation of an energy management system(EMS) for a DC microgrid that includes a hybrid energy storage system(HESS). The operating and maintenance cost and the loss of power supply probability(LPSP) of the system are used as optimisation targets. The power flows of all distributed generators(DGs) in the DC microgrid during operating period are optimized. Based on the improved differential evolution(DE) algorithm, and by using the multi-objective non-dominated sorting method and the maximum membership degree principle(MMDP) of fuzzy control, the overall satisfaction degree of Pareto solutions to power flow optimization can be obtained. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed EMS optimization scheme, which is able to achieve an effective trade-off between the economy and the reliability of microgrid operation.

关键词： DC microgrids Energy management system Multi-objective optimization Differential evolution algorithm Maximum membership degree