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Optimal Design of Hybrid microgrid in Isolated Communities of Ecuador

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 488-499页

作者： Luis A.Pesantes Ruben Hidalgo-León Johnny Rengifo Miguel Torres Jorge Aragundi JoséCordova-Garcia Luis F.Ugarte Facultad de Ingeniería en Electricidad y Computación of Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral(ESPOL)University GuayaquilEcuador Department of Electrical Engineering at Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María SantiagoChile IEEE

In rural territories, the communities use energy sources based on fossil fuels to supply themselves with electricity, which may address two main problems: greenhouse gas emissions and high fuel prices. Hence, there is an opportunity to include renewable resources in the energy mix. This paper develops an optimization model to determine the optimal sizing, the total annual investment cost in renewable generation, and other operating costs of the components of a hybrid microgrid. By running a k-means clustering algorithm on a meteorological dataset of the community under study, the hourly representative values become input parameters in the proposed optimization model. The method for the optimal design of hybrid microgrid is analyzed in six operating scenarios considering:(1) 24-hour continuous power supply;(2) load shedding percentage;(3) diesel power generator(genset) curtailment;(4) the worst meteorological conditions;(5) the use of renewable energy sources including battery energy storage systems(BESSs);and(6) the use of genset. A mathematical programming language(AMPL) tool is used to find solutions of the proposed optimization model. Results show that the total costs of microgrid in the scenarios that cover 100% of the load demand(without considering the scenario with 100% renewables) increase by over 16% compared with the scenario with genset operation limitation. For the designs with power supply restrictions, the total cost of microgrid in the scenario with load shedding is reduced by over 27% compared with that without load shedding.

关键词： Battery energy storage system(BESS) isolated community microgrid renewable energy optimization

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Review of Networked microgrid Protection:Architectures,Challenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la Cruz Ying Wu John E.Candelo-Becerra Juan C.Vasquez Josep M.Guerrero Center for Research on microgrids(CROM) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Facultad de Minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. Center for Research on microgrids at UPC(UPC CROM) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Center for Research on microgrids at AAU(AAU CROM) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids.Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and connections.Nevertheless,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected systems.Interconnection of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection operation.This paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their development.First,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review papers.Second,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these systems.Finally,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to implementation.IndexTerms—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotection microgrid cluster microgrid multiple microgrid networked microgrid real-time simulation smart grid

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Prediction and scheduling of multi-energy microgrid based on BiGRU self-attention mechanism and LQPSO

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第3期7卷 347-361页

作者： Yuchen Duan Peng Li Jing Xia School of Automation and Intelligence Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044P.R.China Goldwind Science&Technology Co.Ltd. Beijing 100176P.R.China

To predict renewable energy sources such as solar power in microgrids more accurately,a hybrid power prediction method is presented in this paper.First,the self-attention mechanism is introduced based on a bidirectional gated recurrent neural network(BiGRU)to explore the time-series characteristics of solar power output and consider the influence of different time nodes on the prediction results.Subsequently,an improved quantum particle swarm optimization(QPSO)algorithm is proposed to optimize the hyperparameters of the combined prediction model.The final proposed LQPSO-BiGRU-self-attention hybrid model can predict solar power more effectively.In addition,considering the coordinated utilization of various energy sources such as electricity,hydrogen,and renewable energy,a multi-objective optimization model that considers both economic and environmental costs was constructed.A two-stage adaptive multi-objective quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm aided by a Lévy flight,named MO-LQPSO,was proposed for the comprehensive optimal scheduling of a multi-energy microgrid system.This algorithm effectively balances the global and local search capabilities and enhances the solution of complex nonlinear problems.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme are verified through comparative simulations.

关键词： microgrid Bidirectional gated recurrent unit Self-attention Lévy-quantum particle swarm optimization Multi-objective optimization

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Optimal Time-of-use Pricing for Renewable Energy-powered microgrids: A Multi-agent Evolutionary Game Theory-based Approach

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 162-174页

作者： Yu Zeng Yinliang Xu Xinwei Shen Hongbin Sun Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute.Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

While price schedules can help improve the economic efficiency of renewable energy-powered microgrids,timeof-use(TOU)pricing has been identified as an effective way for microgrid development,which is presently limited by its high costs.In this study,we propose an evolutionary game theoretic model to explore optimal TOU pricing for development of renewable energy-powered microgrids by applying a multi-agent system,that comprises a government agent,local utility company agent,and different types of consumer agents.In the proposed model,we design objective functions for the company and the consumers and obtain a Nash equilibrium using backward induction.Two pricing strategies,namely,the TOU seasonal pricing and TOU monthly pricing,are evaluated and compared with traditional fixed pricing.The numerical results demonstrate that TOU schedules have significant potential for development of renewable energy-powered microgrids and are recommended for an electric company to replace traditional fixed pricing.Additionally,TOU monthly pricing is more suitable than TOU seasonal pricing for microgrid development.

关键词： Game theory microgrid multi-agent system renewable energy time-of-use pricing

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H∞ Robustness for Distributed Control in Autonomous microgrids Considering Cyber Disturbances

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 696-706页

作者： Ge Cao Guannan Lou Wei Gu Lina Sheng School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

The physical connections and logical relationships between microgrids and communication networks allow microgrids to develop into typical cyber-physical systems(CPSs).With the extensive use of open communication mechanisms,the impact of cyber disturbances in public communication networks cannot be diminshed.In this paper,a parameter optimal method for a distributed secondary controller based on the robust control theory and consensus algorithm is presented to enhance the robustness of a secondary control system under data disturbance,parameter perturbation,and time delay.First,a distributed secondary control strategy of microgrids is demonstrated that coordinates frequency and voltage restoration and power sharing.Then,considering the impact of cyber events on the secondary control,a distributed robust controller gain design method is proposed to satisfy the H∞ performance index.The solution of the distributed robust control is transformed into a linear matrix in equation problem and latency margin is simultaneously obtained.Finally,a test microgrid CPS is simulated with and without time delay to investigate the impact of cyber events on system operational states and the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

关键词： Cyber disturbance cyber-physical lsystem distributed control microgrid robust H∞control

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Distributed Harmonic Power Sharing with Voltage Distortion Suppression in Islanded microgrids Considering Non-linear Loads

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 117-128页

作者： Guannan Lou Shanlin Li Wei Gu Quan Yang School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Technology and Equipment Southeast University Dongguan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Company Guangdong 523000China

In contemporary power grids or microgrids,harmonic distortion has emerged as one of the critical power quality issues for utility power grids,which has escalated especially due to the high penetration of power-electronic-converter-interfaced distributed generation(DG).This paper first illustrates the prevalent dispute revolving around the harmonic power sharing and distortion restraint,and subsequently proposes a consensusbased framework that facilitates an accurate sharing of harmonics among multi-DGs connected in parallel,with an effective suppression of the output voltage distortion.Compared with the majority of existing studies addressing the issue of voltage harmonics at the point of common coupling(PCC),our method primarily emphasizes on the output voltage distortion since the power quality requirement for certain local critical loads is often known to be high.With the help of adaptive regulation,the overall distortion produced at the output terminals of DGs can be retained within an acceptable range.The working principle of the proposed control method,which is not only easy to implement but also independent of model parameters,is further described in detail.Employing the small-signal dynamic model,the system stability and robustness are analyzed.The hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)simulations aid in determining the outcome of the proposed strategy in microgrid control.

关键词： Distributed generation droop control harmonic power sharing microgrid voltage distortion mitigation

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Quick Hosting Capacity Evaluation Based on Distributed Dispatching for Smart Distribution Network Planning with Distributed Generation

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 128-140页

作者： Bing Sun Ruipeng Jing Leijiao Ge Yuan Zeng Shimeng Dong Luyang Hou the School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Grid Corporation of China BeijingChina the School of Computer Science(National Pilot Software Engineering School) Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijingChina

The smart distribution network(SDN)is integrat ing increasing distributed generation(DG)and energy storage(ES).Hosting capacity evaluation is important for SDN plan ning with DG.DG and ES are usually invested by users or a third party,and they may form friendly microgrids(MGs)and operate independently.Traditional centralized dispatching meth od no longer suits for hosting capacity evaluation of SDN.A quick hosting capacity evaluation method based on distributed optimal dispatching is proposed.Firstly,a multi-objective DG hosting capacity evaluation model is established,and the host ing capacity for DG is determined by the optimal DG planning schemes.The steady-state security region method is applied to speed up the solving process of the DG hosting capacity evalua tion model.Then,the optimal dispatching models are estab lished for MG and SDN respectively to realize the operating simulation.Under the distributed dispatching strategy,the dual-side optimal operation of SDN-MGs can be realized by several iterations of power exchange requirement.Finally,an SDN with four MGs is conducted considering multiple flexible resources.It shows that the DG hosting capacity of SDN oversteps the sum of the maximum active power demand and the rated branch capacity.Besides,the annual DG electricity oversteps the maximum active power demand value.

关键词： Smart distribution network(SDN) microgrid hosting capacity multi-objective optimization distributed opti mal dispatching flexible resource

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A digital twin model-based approach to cost optimization of residential community microgrids

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第1期7卷 82-93页

作者： Mariem Dellaly Sondes Skander-Mustapha Ilhem Slama-Belkhodja Université de Tunis El Manar Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de TunisLR11ES15 Laboratoire de Systèmes Electriques1002TunisTunisie Université de Carthage Ecole Nationale d’Architecture et d’UrbanismeLaboratoire de Systèmes Electriques1002TunisTunisie

This paper presents a peer-to-peer community cost optimization approach based on a single-prosumer energy management system.Its objective is to optimize energy costs for prosumers in the community by enhancing the consumption efficiency.This study was conducted along two main axes.The first axis focuses on designing a digital twin for a residential community microgrid platform.This phase involves data collection,cleaning,exploration,and interpretation.Moreover,it includes replicating the functionality of the real platform and validating the results.The second axis involves the development of a novel approach that incorporates two distinct prosumer behaviors within the same community microgrid,while maintaining the concept of peer-to-peer energy trading.Prosumers without storage utilize their individual PV systems to fulfill their energy requirements and inject excess energy into a local microgrid.Meanwhile,a single prosumer with a storage system actively engages in energy exchange to maximize the community’s profit.This is achieved by optimizing battery usage using a cost optimization solution.The proposed solution is validated using the developed digital twin.

关键词： Energy management system(EMS) Cost optimization Digital twin Photovoltaic systems microgrid

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Improved Energy Management Strategy for Prosumer Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources and Battery Energy Storage Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 381-392页

作者： Pavitra Sharma Krishna Kumar Saini Hitesh Datt Mathur Puneet Mishra Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology&SciencePilaniIndia IEEE

The concept of utilizing microgrids(MGs)to convert buildings into prosumers is gaining massive popularity because of its economic and environmental benefits.These pro-sumer buildings consist of renewable energy sources and usually install battery energy storage systems(BESSs)to deal with the uncertain nature of renewable energy sources.However,because of the high capital investment of BESS and the limitation of available energy,there is a need for an effective energy management strategy for prosumer buildings that maximizes the profit of building owner and increases the operating life span of BESS.In this regard,this paper proposes an improved energy management strategy(IEMS)for the prosumer building to minimize the operating cost of MG and degradation factor of BESS.Moreover,to estimate the practical operating life span of BESS,this paper utilizes a non-linear battery degradation model.In addition,a flexible load shifting(FLS)scheme is also developed and integrated into the proposed strategy to further improve its performance.The proposed strategy is tested for the real-time annual data of a grid-tied solar photovoltaic(PV)and BESS-powered AC-DC hybrid MG installed at a commercial building.Moreover,the scenario reduction technique is used to handle the uncertainty associated with generation and load demand.To validate the performance of the proposed strategy,the results of IEMS are compared with the well-established energy management strategies.The simulation results verify that the proposed strategy substantially increases the profit of the building owner and operating life span of BESS.Moreover,FLS enhances the performance of IEMS by further improving the financial profit of MG owner and the life span of BESS,thus making the operation of prosumer building more economical and efficient.

关键词： Prosumer building battery energy storage system(BESS) battery degradation factor demand response energy management microgrid solar photovoltaic(PV)system

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Dynamic Equivalent Modeling for Black-box microgrids Under Multi-operating-point by Using LSTM

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 639-648页

作者： Yunlu Li Josep M.Guerrero Junyou Yang Yajuan Guan Guiqing Ma Jiawei Feng School of Electrical Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110819China Department of Energy Technology Center for Research on Microgrids(CROM)Aalborg University9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Since the high penetration of distributed energy sources complicates the dynamics of electrical power systems,accurate dynamic models are indispensable for study on the transient behavior of the microgrid(MG).In some practices,the lack of full detailed information results in failure of dif-ferential equation based dynamic modeling,which leads to a demand for a black-box MG modeling method.It is a critical challenge to maintain the effectiveness of the black-box model under a wide operating range and various fault conditions.In this paper,inspired by the mathematical equivalence between the recurrent neural network(RNN)and differential-algebraic equations(DAEs),a dynamic equivalent modeling method,using long short-term memory(LSTM),is presented to tackle this challenge.At first,the modeling equivalence and advantages of our basic idea are explained.Then,modeling procedures,including data preparation and design guidelines,are presented.Finally,the proposed method is applied to a multi-microgrid testing system for performance evaluation.The results,under various scenarios,reveal that the proposed modeling method has an adequate capability for representing the dynamic behaviors of a black-box MG under grid fault and operating point changing conditions.Index Terms-Deep learning,dynamic behavior,dynamic equivalent model,microgrid,neural network.

关键词： Deep learning dynamic behavior dynamic equivalent model microgrid neural network

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