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Does progress in microfracture techniques necessarily translate into clinical effectiveness?

World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 266-284页

作者： Sathish Muthu Vibhu Krishnan Viswanathan Manoharan Sakthivel Mohammed Thabrez Department of Orthopaedics Orthopaedic Research GroupCoimbatore 641045Tamil NaduIndia Department of Biotechnology Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021Tamil NaduIndia Manoharan Sakthivel Department of OrthopaedicsGovernment Medical CollegeKarur 639004Tamil NaduIndia Department of Orthopaedics Devadoss Multispecialty HospitalMadurai 625007Tamil NaduIndia Department of Medical Oncology Aster Medcity HospitalKochi 682034India

BACKGROUND Multitudinous advancements have been made to the traditional microfracture(MFx)technique,which have involved delivery of various acellular 2nd generation MFx and cellular MFx-III components to the area of cartilage defect.The relative benefits and pitfalls of these diverse modifications of MFx technique are still not widely understood.AIM To comparatively analyze the functional,radiological,and histological outcomes,and complications of various generations of MFx available for the treatment of cartilage defects.METHODS A systematic review was performed using PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Cochrane,and Scopus.Patients of any age and sex with cartilage defects undergoing any form of MFx were considered for analysis.We included only randomized controlled trials(RCTs)reporting functional,radiological,histological outcomes or complications of various generations of MFx for the management of cartilage defects.Network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted in Stata and Cochrane’s Confidence in NMA approach was utilized for appraisal of evidence.RESULTS Forty-four RCTs were included in the analysis with patients of mean age of 39.40(±9.46)years.Upon comparing the results of the other generations with MFX-I as a constant comparator,we noted a trend towards better pain control and functional outcome(KOOS,IKDC,and Cincinnati scores)at the end of 1-,2-,and 5-year time points with MFx-III,although the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).We also noted statistically significant Magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score in the higher generations of microfracture(weighted mean difference:17.44,95%confidence interval:0.72,34.16,P=0.025;without significant heterogeneity)at 1 year.However,the difference was not maintained at 2 years.There was a trend towards better defect filling on MRI with the second and third generation MFx,although the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The higher generations of traditional MFx technique utilizing acellular and cellular comp

关键词： Cartilage injury microfracture Mesenchymal stem cells Platelet-rich plasma Bone marrow aspiration concentrates Clinical outcome Radiological outcome Meta-analysis Network meta-analysis

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Effect of fracture fluid flowback on shale microfractures using CT scanning

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 426-436页

作者： Jiale He Zhihong Zhao Yiran Geng Yuping Chen Jianchun Guo Cong Lu Shouyi Wang Xueliang Han Jun Zhang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Drilling Test Engineering Department of Longdong Oil and Gas Development Company Changqing OilfieldPetroChina Company LimitedQingyang745000China Tight Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Project Department PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China No.11 Oil Production Plant Changqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChina Company LimitedQingyang745000China

The field data of shale fracturing demonstrate that the flowback performance of fracturing fluid is different from that of conventional reservoirs,where the flowback rate of shale fracturing fluid is lower than that of conventional reservoirs.At the early stage of flowback,there is no single-phase flow of the liquid phase in shale,but rather a gas-water two-phase flow,such that the single-phase flow model for tight oil and gas reservoirs is not applicable.In this study,pores and microfractures are extracted based on the experimental results of computed tomography(CT)scanning,and a spatial model of microfractures is established.Then,the influence of rough microfracture surfaces on the flow is corrected using the modified cubic law,which was modified by introducing the average deviation of the microfracture height as a roughness factor to consider the influence of microfracture surface roughness.The flow in the fracture network is simulated using the modified cubic law and the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).The results obtained demonstrate that most of the fracturing fluid is retained in the shale microfractures,which explains the low fracturing fluid flowback rate in shale hydraulic fracturing.

关键词： Shale Flowback of fracturing fluid microfracture Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)

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microfracture Characterization in Sandstone Reservoirs:A Case Study from the Upper Triassic of Syria's Euphrates Graben

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 901-915页

作者： Ibrahem Yousef Vladimir Morozov Vladislav Sudakov Ilyas Idrisov Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies Kazan Federal UniversityKazan 420111Russia

The Euphrates Graben is located in eastern Syria.The Upper Triassic Mulussa F Formation sandstones serve as the primary reservoir intervals in the majority of the graben fields.The study’s findings were based on core studies:petrographic examination of thin sections,scanning electron microscope(SEM),imaging of backscatter scanning electron microscope(BSE),X-ray microprobe examinations,and carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis of microfracture-filling cements.Three of the most common types of microfracture found in the investigated sandstones are intragranular or intracrystalline microfractures,grain boundary or grain-edge microfractures,and transgranular(crossing grains)microfractures.Sandstone microfractures that are open and free of secondary mineralization improve sandstone storage and permeability.However,microfractures that are cemented and filled with secondary mineralization reduce storage and permeability.Common siderite and pyrite cements were identified within the microfractures and the nearby sandstone matrix.Larger anhedral or euhedral siderites are thought to form during shallow burial diagenesis,whereas poikilotopic siderites are thought to form during deep burial diagenesis.Poikilotopic pyrite is believed to be a diagenetic cement,which is attributed to the reduction of iron oxides present in the sediments in the presence of hydrocarbons.microfractures reflect tectonic,overpressure,and diagenetic origins.microfractures of tectonic origin are associated with folding and thrust activities over the Euphrates Graben area,and they were formed at the beginning of the Upper Triassic with siderite and pyrite cement equilibration temperatures of approximately 100–105℃,and they continued forming from the middle to the end of the Upper Triassic with cement equilibration temperatures of approximately 90–100℃in conjunction with the first phase of the Euphrates Graben.microfractures related to diagenetic and overpressure processes are tension microfractures and were formed in compression settings during the Uppe

关键词： microfracture sandstone Upper Triassic Mulussa F Euphrates Graben Syria

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Pore and fracture characteristics of Cretaceous tight reservoir and its control effect on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Liuhe Basin

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Petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 1939-1949页

作者： Wen-Hao Li Er-Qiang Yang Min Wang Yan-Ran Huang Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Utilization Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtanHunan411201China

Tight oil and gas in the Cretaceous has been found in the Liuhe Basin,but the rules of tight reservoir and oil and gas accumulation are not clear.This paper discusses the developmental characteristics and evolution law of pores and fractures in the Cretaceous tight reservoir in the Liuhe Basin,and reveals its controlling effect on tight oil and gas accumulation.The results show that intercrystalline pores,intergranular pores and dissolution pores are scattered and only developed in shallow tight reservoirs,while microfractures are developed in both shallow and deep layers,which are the main type of reservoir space in the study area.The results of mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen gas adsorption show that with the increase of depth,the proportion of macropores(microcracks)increases,while the proportion of micropores decreases.There are two stages of microfractures developed in the study area,corresponding to the initial fault depression stage from late Jurassic to early late Cretaceous and compressional uplift at the end of late Cretaceous.According to the principle of“inversion and back-stripping method”,combined with the data of optical microscopy and inclusions,the time of each key diagenesis and its contribution to porosity are revealed,and the porosity evolution history of reservoirs in different diagenetic stages is quantitatively restored.The porosity reduction rate of compaction can reach more than 80%,which is the main reason for reservoir densification.The relationship between pore evolution history and oil and gas accumulation history reveals that during the oil and gas filling period of the Xiahuapidianzi Formation(90-85 Ma),the reservoir porosity is only 1.15%,but the development of microfractures in the first stage of the reservoir is conducive to oil and gas accumulation.

关键词： Tight reservoir Microscopic pore structure microfracture Porosity evolution Hydrocarbon accumulation the liuhe Basin

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Effects of a polyamine inhibitor on the microstructure and macromechanical properties of hydrated shale

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Petroleum 2022年第4期8卷 538-545页

作者： Yunlei Hu Xiangchao Shi Qingling Li Leiyu Gao Feng Wu Gang Xie State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

China is rich in shale gas resources,however,wellbores in shale gas reservoirs are frequently unstable.This has a serious impact on the shale gas drilling cycle.Polyamine,a common additive in water-based shale drilling fluids,can effectively inhibit shale hydration.However,there is a lack of quantitative research on the effect of polyamine inhibitors on the microstructure and macromechanical properties of shale.Therefore,this study investigated those issues via a systematic hydration experiment carried out on shale from the Longmaxi Formation.The results show that microfractures are created and expand during shale hydration,that they also connect to form a complex microfracture network,and that 3%polyamine inhibitors(polyamine solution with volume fraction of 3%)can effectively inhibit their evolution.The ultrasonic velocities and UCS of the Longmaxi shale are significantly anisotropic;the former first increases and then decreases with the laminae angle,reaching its maximum when the laminae angle is 30°.The UCS of the shale is highest and lowest,respectively,when the laminae angles are 0°or 90°and 30°.In general,these UCS appear as a"U"pattern,high on two sides with a dip in the center.Polyamines can effectively inhibit both the expansion of shale and the reduction of P-wave and S-wave velocities,the UCS,and elastic modulus.The UCS of a shale sample was reduced by 28%e40%after immersion for 96 h in water,compared to 2%e20%after immersion in a 3%polyamine inhibitor for the same amount of time.The inhibiting effect of the polyamine was remarkable.

关键词： Polyamine microfracture Macromechanical properties Hydration Anisotropy

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Effects of Early Weightbearing on microfracture Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of Talus with Subchondral Bone Defects

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Current Medical Science 2019年第1期39卷 88-93页

作者： Min WEI Yu WEI Yang LIU Sports Medicine Center Department of Orthopedics SurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

When subchondral bone defects are present in osteochondral lesions of the talus(OCLT),it is inconclusive whether to allow early weightbearing after microfracture treatment because of the lack of effective support of the newly-formed fibrocartilage.After performing arthroscopic debridement and microfracture treatment on OCLT patients with subchondral bone defects,we allowed patients to have an early postoperative weightbearing exercise to observe their clinical outcome.Forty-two OCLT patients with subchondral bone defects were analyzed.Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 21 patients in each group.After arthroscopic debridement and microfracture treatment,group A was allowed to have early partial weightbearing while weightbearing was delayed in group B.Visual analogue scale(VAS)was used to evaluate joint pain before and after surgery.American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)anklc-hindfoot score was used to evaluate joint function.Tegner activity scale was used to assess patient's exercise level.The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score in group A increased from 54.4 to 87.6,and that in group B increased from 54.9 to 87.3.The VAS score in group A decreased from 6.5 to 2.2,and that in group B decreased from 6.4 to 2.3.The Tegner activity scale increased from 2.6 to 4.4 in group A,and that in group B increased from 2.6 to 3.9.There was significant difference in the Tegner activity scale between group A and group B(Pmicrofracture treatmenf on OCLT patients with subchondral bone defects,early postoperative weightbearing may achieve similar clinical outcomes as delayed weightbearing,and patients may be better able to return to sports.

关键词： osteochondral lesions of the talus subchondral bone arthroscopic microfracture weightbearing time

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DEFORMATION AND microfracture OF GRANULAR BAINITE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1992年第6期5卷 432-435页

作者： CHEN Huangpu Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,China Lecturer,The Research Institute for Strength of Metals,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China Xi'an Jiaotong Univ Xi'an China

Relationship among deformation history,fracture process and stress distribution of granular bainite has been investigated.The main process of fracture of granular bainite is the forma- tion.growth and coalescence of the microvoids.Even though the microcracks have formed at the earlier stage of deformation,they are not fateful for fracture because in the successive deformation stage the microcracks change their orientation toward the tensile axis.The strain hardening rate of granular bainite has a minimal value during the deformation process. Before and after the strain of the minimal value,the material shows different stress distribu- tion and microfracture mechanism.

关键词： granular bainite microfracture strain hardening rate

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Identification and characterization of microfractures in carbonate samples

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第2期49卷 415-427页

作者： PERMADI Pudji MARHAENDRAJANA Taufan NANDYA Sesilia IDEA Kharisma Petroleum Engineering Bandung Institute of TechnologyBandung 40132Indonesia Petroleum Engineering PetroChina International JabungLtd.Jakarta 12940Indonesia

Based on the rock typing method of pore geometry and structure(PGS), rock samples from carbonate reservoir A and carbonate reservoir B were classified using data of routine and special core analysis and thin section images, and microfractures in the carbonate reservoir samples were identified and characterized. Establishment of rock types demonstrates that microfractures have developed in all rock types in carbonate reservoir A, but only partially in certain rock types in carbonate reservoir B with porosity of 1%–11%, less vuggy, and hardness of medium hard to hard. The cut-off porosity was determined for each type of rock to distinguish samples with and without conductive microfractures. The impact of conductive microfractures on improving permeability was analyzed. On the basis of relationship of permeability and original initial water saturation, the permeability equation was derived by certain special core analysis data with conductive microfractures selected by PGS equation, and the permeability of samples with conductive microfractures has been successfully predicted.

关键词： carbonate rock microfracture rock classification permeability

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Early Weight Bearing Post Subchondral microfracture Knee Arthroscopy: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期12卷 253-257页

作者： Katon Harwood Kelsey Fraser John Spellman School of Osteopathic Medicine Campbell University Lillington NC USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Carteret Health Care Morehead City NC USA

Traditionally physicians have advised patients to be non-weight bearing post arthroscopic knee microfracture surgery for at least 2 to 8 weeks. The microfracture procedure is a simple, low-risk method to induce self-cartilage regeneration to focal lesions. The procedure has shown that small fractures to the subchondral bone can recruit mesenchymal stem cells and growth factors to regenerate the fibrocartilage without compromising the subchondral plate. With the simplicity of this procedure and the positive effect it can have on patients, it is natural to want to push the bounds of rehabilitation to see what is necessary. The patient in this case report exhibits the potential for positive outcomes with early weight-bearing status in patients receiving microfractures via subchondral drilling. This positive outcome, along with others, should encourage clinicians to consider reestablishing evidence-guided rehabilitation post microfracture with new studies. Shortened rehabilitation time would decrease a barrier to surgery for many patients and would only enhance our treatment with this surgical modality.

关键词： microfracture Patellofemoral Chondrosis Patellar Maltracking

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Reformation of deep clastic reservoirs with different diagenetic intensities by microfractures during late rapid deep burial: Implications from diagenetic physical simulation of Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第2期50卷 346-359页

作者： JIN Jun XIAN Benzhong LIAN Lixia CHEN Sirui WANG Jian LI Jiaqi Research Institute of Experiment and Detection PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramayXinjiang 834000China CNPC Key Laboratory of Conglomerate Reservoir Exploration and Development KaramayXinjiang 834000China Xinjiang Laboratory of Petroleum Reserves in Conglomerate KaramayXinjiang 834000China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China

Constrained by the geological burial history of Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, the diagenetic physical simulation experiment was carried out with the low-mature sandstone samples taken from the outcrop area. Then, coupling with the regional geological data, the reformation of reservoirs with different diagenetic intensities by microfractures and the significance of microfractures for development of high-quality reservoirs were discussed. The results show that the large-scale microfractures were formed in the stage of late rapid deep burial, roughly equivalent to the period when organic acids were filled. The microfractures created good conditions for migration of oil and gas in deep and ultra-deep clastic rocks, and also enabled the transport of organic acids to the reservoirs for ensuing the late continuous dissolution of cements and particles. The existence of matrix pores and microfractures in the reservoirs before the rapid deep burial determined how the microfractures formed during rapid deep burial improved the reservoir quality. If matrix pores and microfractures were more developed and the cementation degree was lower before the rapid deep burial, the microfractures would be more developed and the dissolution degree would be higher during the late rapid deep burial, and so the reservoir quality would be improved more greatly, which can increase the reservoir permeability by up to 55%. If cementation was very strong, but matrix pores were not developed and microfractures existed locally before the rapid deep burial, the microfractures would also be more developed during the late rapid deep burial, which can increase the reservoir permeability by 43%. If cementation was strong, matrix pores were absent, and microfractures were not developed, limited microfractures would be formed during the late rapid deep burial, which can increase the reservoir permeability by only 16%. Formation of large-scale microfractures during late rapid deep burial and promotion of such mic

关键词： rapid deep burial microfracture physical simulation deep reservoir Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation Junggar Basin

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