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Comprehensive understanding to the public health risk of environmental microbes via a microbiome-based index

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第7期49卷 685-688页

作者： Zheng Sun Xudong Liu Gongchao Jing Yuzhu Chen Shuaiming Jiang Meng Zhang Jiquan Liu Jian Xu Xiaoquan Su Single-Cell Center Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceQingdaoShandong 266101China College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong 266071China Department of Endocrinology Hainan General HospitalSchool of Food Science and EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikouHainan 570228China Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHuhehotInner Mongolia 010018China Procter&Gamble Singapore Innovation Center 138589 Singapore

Bacteria are ubiquitous in built environments(BE)and different human body sites.Among the myriad of microbes,the pathogenic bacteria are of great interest to public health and safety,which were the cause of many publi... 详细信息

关键词： environments microbes index

microbes as a production host to produce natural active compounds from mushrooms:biosynthetic pathway elucidation and metabolic engineering

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2021年第8期19卷 580-590页

作者： YANG Li-Yang GONG Qiang GUO Jian-Quan LI Gui-Lan School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineJinzhong 030619China School of Public Health Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001China

Mushrooms are abundant in bioactive natural compounds.Due to strict growth conditions and long fermentation-time,microbe as a production host is an alternative and sustainable approach for the production of natural compounds.This review focuses on the biosynthetic pathways of mushroom originated natural compounds and microbes as the production host for the production of the above natural compounds.

关键词： Mushroom Natural compound microbes Synthetic biology Metabolic engineering

Effects of cultivation on N_2O emission and seasonal quantitative variations of related microbes in a temperate grassland soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 376-379页

作者： HUANG Bin CHEN Guan xiong Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China.

Laboratory and in situ experiments were done to investigate the influences of cultivation on temperate semi arid grassland (for 17 years spring wheat planted once every two years without fertilization) on soil N 2O emission and quantitative variations of related soil microbes. In the laboratory (25℃ and soil moisture 18%), cultivation increased soil transformations of fertilizer nitrogen (100 μg N/g as NaNO 3, urea, or as urea with dicyandiamide 1 μg N/g). The N 2O emissions from the cultivated and uncultivated soils with or without nitrogen additions were relatively low, and mainly originated from the nitrification. The soil N 2O emission due to cultivation decreased somewhat upon no fertilization or NaNO 3 addition, but significantly upon urea addition. The role of dicyandiamide as nitrification inhibitor was only considerable in the cultivated soil, and had small influence on decreasing N 2O emission in the two soils. The influence of cultivation on soil N 2O emission was also reflected by the number variations of microbes related with soil nitrogen transformation in the two soils. Compared to the uncultivated grassland, in situ ammonifiers and denitrifiers in the cultivated grassland quantitatively averagely increased, and aerobic no symbiotic azotobacters were quantitatively similar, leading to the continued decrease of organic matter content and the decrease of N 2O emission from the cultivated grassland soil.

关键词： grassland cultivation N 2O emission nitrogen fertilizer microbes

Study on microbes and Their Effects on Rare Earth Extraction in Weathering Crust of Granite

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Journal of Rare Earths 2001年第3期19卷 161-167页

作者：陈炳辉毋福海刘琥琥 Dept. of Earth Sci. Zhongshan Univ. Guangzhou 510275 China

microbes were cultured from the samples at various depths in a weathering profile of RE-bearing granite in Gonghe RE mine, Guangdong Province. The cultured microbes, existing at a depth of 0.2 similar to 12 in and being more plentiful within 3 in in the profile, include bacteria ( Bacillus, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Alkaligenes, Neisseria, Staphylococcus and anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium), fungi ( Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium, Mucor and Saccharomycete) and actinomyces. Experiments were made under room temperature by using solutions of the cultured microbes and their metabolites, compared with distilled water and the culture solution without microbes, to leach RE from the sample of the weathering crust. The results are shown by the experiments: (1) The mixed microbes cultured from the profile and their metabolites increase the quantity of RE leached from the sample and reduce the pH of the solutions. (2) The ability to leach RE from the sample varies with various microbes, decreasing in a sequence of fungi ( Mucor, saccharomycete, Aspegillus and Penicillium), zymotic bacilli (Enterobacter, Escherichia etc.), Staphylococcus, zymotic Bacillus, actinomyces and Alkaligenes. (3) The RE leached with bacteria is mainly related to the pH value of the solutions influenced by the metabolites of the bacteria; whereas that leached with fungi is mainly related to the adsorption and imbibition of RE by the fungi and the complexing of RE with their metabolites. (4) Compared with that leached with ammonium sulfate, the fractionation of the RE leached with microbes is characterized by higher delta (Ce), lower delta (Eu) and lower ratios of N-La/Sm and N-Gd/Yb . The result of the fractionation of RE accords with the distribution of RE in the various layers of a profile of weathering crust of granite in South China. The experimental results indicate that microbes and their metabolites should play a positive role in the mobilization, migration and fractionation of RE in the weathering crust in South Ch

关键词： rare earths microbes weathering crust granite

Overview of microbes in hypertension

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世界高血压杂志 2023年第2期11卷 12-19页

作者： Huma Khurshid Saira Rafaqat Sana Rafaqat Department of Zoology(Molecular and Microbiology) Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Zoology(Molecular Physiology) Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Biotechnology(Human Genetics) Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan

High blood pressure(BP),known as hypertension,is a major contributing factor to the development of cardiovascular disease.The development and pathogenesis of hypertension involve a wide array of factors including genetics,environment,hormones,hemodynamics,and inflammation.There is a significantly positive association between higher levels of colonization by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Tannerella forsythia,and Treponema denticola(etiologic bacterial burden)below the gum line,and the presence of hypertension.The use of antibiotics during pregnancy,which is likely indicative of bacterial infections severe enough to require antibiotic treatment,is associated with a slight increase in average arterial BP.Cytomegalovirus infection is a risk factor for heightened arterial BP and acts as a co-factor in the development of aortic atherosclerosis.The relationship between hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019 involves endothelial dysfunction and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system.The effects of gut microbiota on BP,whether beneficial or harmful,are influenced by multiple factors including genetics,epigenetics,lifestyle choices,and antibiotic usage.These variables collectively contribute to overall BP levels and the control of hypertension.Several reports have examined the BP levels of patients infected with the Zika virus.In regions with a high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,hypertension has been linked to a higher risk of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation.Also,a potential causal link has been found between malaria and elevated BP.Also,the elevated prevalence of hypertension among dengue patients during their initial visit suggests that relying solely on BP measurements to predict severe infection may not be clinically reliable.

关键词： Hypertension microbes Virus Bacteria Blood pressure

Soil microbes and Sustainable Agriculture

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 167-169页

作者： Bernard R. GLICK University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2l 3G1 (Canada)

It has been estimated that a typical gram of soilcontains around 90 100 million bacteria and about200 000 fungi, with the majority of these organismsbeing located around the roots of plants. This locali-zation reflects the fact that plant roots typically exudea large fraction of the carbon that they fix by photo-synthesis, and soil microbes utilize this exuded carbonas a food source.

关键词： Soil microbes Sustainable Agriculture plant roots food source

Microbial degradation of various types of dissolved organic matter in aquatic ecosystems and its influencing factors

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第2期66卷 169-189页

作者： Meilian CHEN Jin HUR Ji-Dong GU Youhei YAMASHITA Environmental Science and Engineering Research Group Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyShantou515063China Department of Environment&Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido060-0810Japan

Interactions between chemodiverse dissolved organic matter(DOM)and biodiverse microbes are governed by a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic factors which are not well understood.Here,we update and bridge the gap of this interdisciplinary theme comprehensively.At an ecosystem level,aquatic ecosystems dominated by algae-sourced DOM(e.g.,eutrophic lake or coastal upwelling areas)harbor more biolabile DOM,such as directly assimilable monomers and readily hydrolysable biopolymers.However,other ecosystems prevailed by DOM supply from soil and vascular plants(e.g.,river or wetland)have more biorefractory DOM,such as low molecular weight(LMW)residue of aliphatic C skeletons and geopolymers.A variety of heterotrophic bacteria,archaea,fungi,phagotrophic protists,and even photoautotrophic phytoplankton shows genomic and/or culturing experimental evidence of being able to process a diverse type of organics.The various biodegradable organics have different chemical structures and chemical bonds such as carbohydrates,amino acids,proteins,lignins,lipids,carboxylic acids,humic acids,hydrocarbons,and nanoplastics.Meanwhile,bio-production of metabolism intermediates and/or biorefractory organics(e.g.,carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules,CRAM)is observed despite general decay of bulk dissolved organic carbon(DOC)during bioassay experiments.In particular,emerging evidence shows that archaea contribute significantly to biomass in the marine mesopelagic zone and subsurface environments and their abundance often increases with depth in sediments.Furthermore,not only intrinsic factors(e.g.,DOM composition and structure),but also extrinsic ones(e.g.,sunlight and dissolved oxygen)play important roles in interplays between DOM and microbes.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter(DOM) microbes Bioavailability Bioreactivity Intrinsic factors Environmental factors Nanoplastics

Gut microbiota of hepatitis B virus-infected patients in the immunetolerant and immune-active phases and their implications in metabolite changes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第35期28卷 5188-5202页

作者： Ya-Nan Li Na-Ling Kang Jia-Ji Jiang Yue-Yong Zhu Yu-Rui Liu Da-Wu Zeng Fei Wang Department of Hepatology Hepatology Research InstituteThe First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy Fujian Geriatric HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The microbes and metabolomics of microbiota dysbiosis in the gut in the different phases of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection are not fully understood.AIM To investigate the specific gut microbiota and metabolites of the immune-tolerant(IT) and immune-active(IA) phases of chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS Clinical fecal samples from healthy individuals and patients in the IT and IA phases of HBV infection were collected. Next, non-target metabolomics, bioinformatics, and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses were performed.RESULTS A total of 293 different metabolites in 14 phyla, 22 classes, 29 orders, 51 families, and 190 genera were identified. The four phyla of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant, accounting for 99.72%, 99.79%, and 99.55% in the healthy controls, IT-phase patients, and IA-phase patients, respectively. We further identified 16 genera with different richness in the IT phase and IA phase of HBV infection. Of the 134 named metabolites, 57 were upregulated and 77 were downregulated. A total of 101 different metabolic functions were predicted in this study, with 6 metabolic pathways having the highest enrichments, namely carbohydrate metabolism(14.85%), amino acid metabolism(12.87%), lipid metabolism(11.88%), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins(11.88%), xenobiotic biodegradation(9.9%), and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides(7.92%).CONCLUSION These findings provide observational evidence of compositional alterations of the gut microbiome and some related metabolites in patients with IT-phase or IA-phase HBV infection. Further studies should investigate whether microbiota modulation can facilitate the progression of CHB and the cause-effect relationship between the gut microbiota and CHB.

关键词： microbes Metabolomics Gut microbiota Immune-tolerant phase Hepatitis B virus

High-throughput sequencing to evaluate the effects of methamphetamine on the succession of the bacterial community to estimate the postmortem interval

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 736-747页

作者： Shujuan Wang Wei Chen Yanjie Shang Lipin Ren Xiangyan Zhang Yadong Guo Changquan Zhang Department of Forensic Science School of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina

In forensic medical examinations,estimating the postmortem interval(PMI)is an important factor.Methamphetamine(MA)is a synthetic stimulant that is commonly abused,and estimation of the PMI after MA abuse has become one of the main tasks in forensic investigation.Microorganisms play a vital role in carrion decomposition.Analysing the bacterial succession patterns can be used as a forensic tool to estimate the PMI.The present study aimed to analyse bacterial succession changes during the decomposition of MA to estimate the PMI.We analysed bacterial communities in rabbits treated with three different concentrations of MA(0,22.5,and 90 mg/kg)under the natural conditions of 20°C and 70%humidity by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons using the Illumina MiSeq system.We obtained 2374209 high-quality sequences and 2937 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).The relative abundances of the bacterial communities varied markedly in response to different MA concentrations.Interestingly,in response to the different concentrations of MA,Bacteroidetes became disparate in the rectum in the late PMI.Increased numbers of bacterial taxa were identified in the rectum and buccal cavity samples,except at the highest concentration of MA in the rectum samples when PMI was 0-h,than were present in live rabbits.Meanwhile,the PMI correlated significantly with bacterial succession at different taxonomic levels.Our results suggested that bacterial community succession could be used as a“microbial clock”to estimate the PMI in cases of MA-related death;however,further study is required to gain a deeper understanding of this concept.

关键词： Forensic sciences methamphetamine microbes bacterial community succession postmortem interval high-throughput sequencing