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Sustainability of metal recovery from E-waste metal recovery sustainability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第6期12卷 15-26页

作者： Biswajit Debnath Ranjana Chowdhury Sadhan Kumar Ghosh Department of Chemical Engineering Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India Department of Mechanical Engineering Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India

The issue of E-waste disposal is concerning all the stakeholders, from policymakers to the end users which have accelerated the research and development on environmentally sound disposal of E-waste. The recovery of metals (gold, tantalum, copper, iron etc.) from E-waste has become an important focus. The mechanical recycling, thermo-chemical processes like pyrolysis, pyro-, hydro- and biometallurgical processes can play important roles in the metal recovery from E-waste (MREW) technology. For the industrial application of the MREW technology, it is important to analyze the sustainability. In this paper, two case studies have been presented on E-waste recycling industries in India and China. Based on the literature data, an attempt has been made to assess qualitatively the overall sustainability of MREW technology considering the three pillars, i.e., environmental, economic and social. Two conceptual frameworks with (Option-2) and without (Option-1) pyrolysis for integrated MREW units have been developed and the generalized energy and environmental impact analysis has been made using the principles of LCA. The impacts of two options have been compared. Option 2 has been found to be more efficient and sustainable. It has been realized that climate change, fossil fuel depletion, water depletion, eutrophication, acidification, fresh and marine water ecotoxicity are possible impact categories. The recommendations based on the generalized assessment are in good agreement with the findings of previous researchers on individual steps of MREW unit. The findings of this paper are expected to be beneficial to researchers and stakeholders for research directions and decision making on MREW.

关键词： E-waste metal recovery metal recovery from E-waste (MREW) Sustainability

Characterization of landfilled stainless steel slags in view of metal recovery

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 353-362页

作者： Xuan Wang Daneel Geysen Tom Van Gerven Peter T. Jones Bart Blanpain Muxing Guo Department of metallurgy and Materials Engineering KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium Department of Research and Development Group Machiels 3001 Heverlee Belgium

The slag samples taken from landfill, which originated from different metallurgical processes, have been characterized in this study. The slags were categor- ized as electric arc furnace （EAF） slag, argon oxygen decarburization/metal refining process slag and vacuum oxygen decarburization slag based on chromium content and basicity. EAF slags have higher potential in metal recovery than the other two slags due to its higher iron and chromium contents. The size of the iron-chromium-nickel alloy particles varies from a few ~tm up to several cm. The recoveries of large metal particles and metal-spinel aggregates have potential to make the metal recovery from landfilled slags economically viable.

关键词： landfilled stainless steel slag metal recovery characterization

Recycling technologies of spent lithium-ion batteries and future directions:A review

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Transactions of Nonferrous metals Society of China 2025年第1期35卷 271-295页

作者： Xue-song GAO Meng WU Guang-jin ZHAO Kun-hong GU Jia-jia WU Hong-bo ZENG Wen-qing QIN Jun-wei HAN School of Minerals Processing&Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 1H9Canada Electric Power Research Institute Henan Electric Power CompanySTATE GRID Corporation of ChinaZhengzhou 450052China

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the most popular energy storage devices due to their high energy density,high operating voltage,and long cycle ***,green and effective recycling methods are needed because LIBs contain heavy metals such as Co,Ni,and Mn and organic compounds inside,which seriously threaten human health and the *** this work,we review the current status of spent LIB recycling,discuss the traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recovery processes,and summarize the existing short-process recovery technologies such as salt-assisted roasting,flotation processes,and direct ***,we analyze the problems and potential research prospects of the current recycling process,and point out that the multidisciplinary integration of recycling will become the mainstream technology for the development of spent LIBs.

关键词： spent lithium battery short-process recycling secondary resources pretreatment metal recovery

Nickel solvent extraction from cold purification filter cakes of Angouran mine concentrate using LIX984N

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2013年第11期20卷 1029-1034页

作者： A.A.Balesini A.Zakeri H.Razavizadeh A.Khani Department of Mechanical & metallurgy Engineering Miyaneh BranchIslamic Azad University School of metallurgy and Materials Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Miyaneh BranchIslamic Azad University

Cold purification filter cakes generated in the hydrometallurgical processing of Angouran mine zinc concentrate commonly contain significant amounts of Zn, Cd, and Ni ions and thus are valuable resources for metal recovery. In this research, a nickel containing solution that was obtained from sulfuric acid leaching of the filter cake following cadmium and zinc removal was subjected to solvent extraction experiments using 10vol%LIX984N diluted in kerosene. Under optimum experimental conditions （pH 5.3, volume ratio of organic/aqueous （O：A） = 2：1, and contact time -5 min）, more than 97.1% of nickel was extracted. Nickel was stripped from the loaded organic by contacting with a 200 g/L sulfuric acid solution, from which 77.7% of nickel was recovered in a single contact at the optimum conditions （pH 1-1.5, O：A =5：1, and contact time =15 min）.

关键词： nickel solvent extraction zinc ore treatment metal recovery waste utilization

Extraction of metals from complex sulfide nickel concentrates by low-temperature chlorination roasting and water leaching

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2017年第4期24卷 377-385页

作者： Cong Xu Hong-wei Cheng Guang-shi Li Chang-yuan Lu Xiong-gang Lu Xing-li Zou Qian Xu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China

The recovery of valuable metals from complex sulfide concentrates was investigated via chlorination roasting followed by water leaching. A reaction process is proposed on the basis of previous studies and the results of our preliminary experiments. During the process, various process parameters were studied, including the roasting temperature, the addition of NH4Cl, the roasting time, the leaching time, and the liquid-to-solid ratio. The roasted products and leach residues were characterized by X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. Under the optimum condition, 95% of Ni, 98% of Cu, and 88% of Co were recovered. In addition, the removal of iron was studied in the water leaching stage. The results demonstrate that this process provides an effective approach for extracting multiple metals from complex concentrates or ores. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Calcination Chemicals removal (water treatment) Chlorination Leaching metal recovery Nickel Rare earths Sulfur compounds Temperature X ray diffraction

A mathematical model for the distribution balance of extraction processes from waste batteries

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Rare metals 2011年第2期30卷 110-114页

作者： ZHANG Tao TANG Chunpeng College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Tianjin Environment Protection Bureau Tianjin 300191 China

The experiments of metal Cd extraction were carried out three times at oil phase/aqueous phase （O/A） = 1 and pH 2.2 by using 1.3 mol/L di（2-ethylhexyl）phosphoric acid （DEHPA） as the agent, with an extraction rate of 99.5%. Experiments on metal Co extraction were done three times at O/A = 0.5 and pH 4.7 by using 0.4 mol/L Cyanex 272 as the agent, with an extraction rate of 99.2%. By using equilibrium data and massive calculations to analyze and predict the interaction among the extraction systems, this paper came out with the polynomials of the empirical model as well as their parameter values for the equilibrium concentration of the above two extraction looos.

关键词： metal recovery extraction cadmium cobalt mathematical models

A novel process for the recovery of iron,titanium,and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite:sodium modification–direct reduction coupled process

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2017年第5期24卷 504-511页

作者： Yi-min Zhang Ling-yun Yi Li-na Wang De-sheng Chen Wei-jing Wang Ya-hui Liu Hong-xin Zhao Tao Qi University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences

A sodium modification–direct reduction coupled process was proposed for the simultaneous extraction of V and Fe from vanadium- bearing titanomagnetite. The sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate and the transformation of iron oxides to metallic iron were accomplished in a single-step high-temperature process. The increase in roasting temperature favors the reduction of iron oxides but disfavors the oxidation of vanadium oxides. The recoveries of vanadium, iron, and titanium reached 84.52%, 89.37%, and 95.59%, respectively. Moreover, the acid decomposition efficiency of titanium slag reached 96.45%. Compared with traditional processes, the novel process provides several advantages, including a shorter flow, a lower energy consumption, and a higher utilization efficiency of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite resources. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Energy utilization Iron Leaching Magnetic separation metal recovery metallic compounds Oxides Slags Sodium Titanium Vanadium

Experimental study of the time-resolved reflectivity of chromium film

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第7期7卷 653-655页

作者：武腾飞周常河戴恩文谢金 Information Optics Laboratory State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The transient time-resolved reflectivity of chromium film is studied by femtosecond pump-probe technique with a 70-fs laser. Experimental results show that the reflectivity change increases with the power of the pump laser. The fast decrease of the reflectivity occurs between 0-200 fs which is mainly due to the electron-electron interaction. Subsequencely, the slower recovery of the reflectivity between 200-900 fs is mainly due to the electron-phonon coupling process. The reflectivity after 900 fs rises little to a near-constant value for the thermal equilibrium of the system. The experimental results can be explained properly with numerical simulation of the two-temperature model. It is helpful for understanding of the electron ultrafast dynamics in chromium film.

关键词： Chromium Computer simulation Electron electron interactions Electrons metal recovery metallic films Phonons Pumping (laser) Pumps

Optimization of flotation variables for the recovery of hematite particles from BHQ ore

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2013年第7期20卷 605-611页

作者： Swagat S. Rath Hrushikesh Sahoo B. Das CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar 751 013 India

The technology for beneficiation of banded iron ores containing low iron value is a challenging task due to increasing demand of quality iron ore in India. A flotation process has been developed to treat one such ore, namely banded hematite quartzite （BHQ） containing 41.8wt% Fe and 41.5wt% SiO2,by using oleic acid, methyl isobutyl carbinol （MIBC）, and sodium silicate as the collector, frother, and dispersant, respectively. The relative effects of these variables have been evaluated in half-normal plots and Pareto charts using central composite rotatable design. A quadratic response model has been developed for both Fe grade and recovery and optimized within the experimental range. The optimum reagent dosages are found to be as follows： collector concentration of 243.58 g/t, dispersant concentration of 195.67 g/t, pH 8.69, and conditioning time of 4.8 min to achieve the maximum Fe grade of 64.25% with 67.33% recovery. The predictions of the model with regard to iron grade and recovery are in good agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： hematite iron ore treatment flotation metal recovery design of experiments mathematical models opti-mization