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Metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to multiple antibiotics via heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 394-402页

作者： Oladipo Oladiti Olaniyi Hongzhe Li Yongguan Zhu Li Cui Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Department of Microbiology Federal University of TechnologyPMB 704 AkureNigeria University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The use of maggots derived from chicken faeces as fish diets might serve as a vehicle for the widespread of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB) in the environment. Heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy(D_(2)O-Raman) was applied to detect the metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to different concentrations of combined colistin, kanamycin, and vancomycin. By incubating the samples with D_(2)O and antibiotics, metabolically active bacterial cells to antibiotics were distinguished from those inactive by the exhibition of C-D Raman band. Using the C-D band as a universal metabolic biomarker, 96% and 100% of cells in chicken faeces and maggots were revealed to be metabolically active to 1 × minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of the aforementioned antibiotics. A noticeable decrease in the percentage of active cells from 96% to 76% in faeces and 100% to 93% in maggots was observed at 5 × MIC of antibiotics. However, these ratios were still far above that obtained from the same faeces(1.84%) and maggots(0.51%) samples using a cultivation method, indicating the wide presence of nongrowing but metabolically active bacterial cells under antibiotic treatment. Conclusively, the cultureindependent D_(2)O-Raman approach detected and quantified a large portion of metabolically active indigenous bacteria to multiple antibiotics in their native environments, illustrating the great potential risks of these active cells to spread antibiotic resistance via food chain.

关键词： Chicken faeces and maggot Antibiotic resistance Heavy water-Raman spectroscopy Single-cell metabolically active cells

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