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Three-dimensional characteristics of mesoscale eddies simulated by a regional model in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during 2000–2008

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第10期41卷 74-93页

作者： Guijing Yang Xiayan Lin Guoqing Han Yu Liu Gengxin Chen Jianhui Wang Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan316000China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou310012China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519082China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510301China

mesoscale eddies play vital roles in ocean processes.Although previous studies focused on eddy surface features and individual three-dimensional(3D)eddy cases in the northwestern Pacific Ocean,the analysis of unique eddy3D regional characteristics is still lacking.A 3D eddy detection scheme is applied to 9 years(2000-2008)of eddyresolving Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)output to obtain a 3D eddy dataset from the surface to a depth of 1000 m in the northwestern Pacific Ocean(15°-35°N,120°-145°E).The 3D characteristics of mesoscale eddies are analyzed in two regions,namely,Box1(Subtropical Countercurrent,15°-25°N,120°-145°E)and Box2(Southern Kuroshio Extension,25°-35°N,120°-145°E).In Box1,the current is characterized by strong vertical shear and weak horizontal shear.In Box2,the current is characterized by the strong Kuroshio,topographic effect,and the westward propagation of Rossby waves.The results indicate the importance of baroclinic instability in Box1,whereas in Box2,both the barotropic and baroclinic instability are important.Moreover,the mesoscale eddies’properties in Box1 and Box2 are distinct.The eddies in Box1 have larger number and radius but a shorter lifetime.By contrast,Box2 has fewer eddies,which have smaller radius but longer lifetime.Vertically,more eddies are detected at the subsurface than at the surface in both regions;the depth of 650 m is the turning point in Box1.Above this depth,the number of cyclonic eddies(CEs)is larger than that of anticyclonic eddies(AEs).In Box2,the number of CEs is dominant vertically.Eddy kinetic energy(EKE)and mean normalized relative vorticity in Box2are significantly higher than those in Box1.With increasing depth,the attenuation trend of EKE and relative vorticity of Box1 become greater than those of Box2.Furthermore,the upper ocean(about 300 m in depth)contains 68.6%of the eddies(instantaneous eddy).Only 16.6%of the eddies extend to 1000 m.In addition,about87%of the eddies are bowl-shaped eddies in the two regions.Only about 3%are cone-shaped eddies.With in

关键词： three-dimensional structures mesoscale eddies northwestern Pacific Ocean

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mesoscale eddies and their dispersive environmental impacts in the Persian Gulf

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第8期29卷 363-371页

作者： Amin Raeisi Abbasali Bidokhti Seyed Mohammad Jafar Nazemosadat Kamran Lari Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehran ***Iran Geophysics Institute University of TehranTehran ***Iran Department of Water Engineering Oceanic and Atmospheric Research CenterShiraz UniversityShiraz ***Iran Department of Physical Oceanography Faculty of Marine Science and TechnologyTehran North BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehran ***Iran

As the mesoscale eddies in oceans and semi-enclosed seas are significant in horizontal dispersion of pollutants,we investigate the seasonal variations of these eddies in the Persian Gulf(PG)that are usually generated due to seasonal winds and baroclinic instability.The sea surface height(SSH)data from 2010 to 2014 of AVISO are used to identify and track eddies,using the SSH-based method.Then seasonal horizontal dispersion coefficients are estimated for the PG,using the properties of eddies.The results show an annual mean of 78 eddies with a minimum lifetime of one week.Most of the eddies are predominantly cyclonic(59.1%)and have longer lifetimes and higher diffusion coefficients than the anti-cyclonic eddies.The eddy activity is higher in warm seasons,compared to that of cold seasons.As locations with high eddy diffusion coefficients are high-risk areas by using maps of horizontal eddy diffusion coefficients,perilous times and locations of the release of pollutants are specified to be within the longitude from 51.38°E to 55.28°E.The mentioned areas are located from the Strait of Hormuz towards the northeast of the PG,closer to Iranian coast.Moreover,July can be considered as the most dangerous time of pollution release.

关键词： Persian Gulf mesoscale eddies marine pollution horizontal eddy diffusion coefficient

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mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea and their impact on temperature profiles

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第1期24卷 39-45页

作者： WANGGuihua SUJilan LIRongfeng KeyLaboratoryofOceanDynamicProcessesandSatelliteOceanographyofStateOceanicAdministration Hangzhou310012China／／LASGInstituteofAtmosphericPhysicsChineseAcademyofseiencesBeijing100029China KeyLaboratoryofOceanDynamicProcessesandSatelliteOceanographyofStateOceanicAdministration Hangzhou310012China／／SecondInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationHangzhou310012China LASG InstituteofAtmosphericPhysicsChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100029China

Some life history statistics of the mesoscale eddies of the South China Sea (SCS) derived from altimetry data will be further discussed according their different formation periods. A total of three ATLAS (autonomous temperature line acquisition system)mooring buoys data will be analyzed to discuss eddies' impact on temperature profiles.They identify that the intraseasonal variation of SCS thermocline is partly controlled by mesoscale eddies.

关键词： mesoscale eddies ATLAS South China Sea

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Meridional deflection of global eddy propagation derived from tandem altimetry: Mechanism and implication

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 811-825页

作者： Ge CHEN Xiaoyan CHEN Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System School of Marine TechnologyOcean University of ChinaQindao 266100China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Laoshan LaboratoryQindao 266237China

A common view on meridional deflection of eddy propagation is poleward for cyclones and equatorward for anticyclones. This widely accepted polarity-sensitive pattern has been increasingly undermined given that it is systematically violated on both zonal and regional scales as recently reported. Here, we approach the problem by exploring these violations in terms of eddy effects of spatiotemporal geostrophy, thermal fading, and flow dragging, yielding the following main conclusions.(1) The polarity-dependent deflection discrepancy is a pseudo feature resulting from a biased fit to the normalized eddy tracks which are spatially asymmetric(though azimuthally symmetric) between the two signs;Instead, the primary pattern of eddy deflection appears to be geographically correlated and polarity independent.(2) Geostrophic adjustment plays a critical role in defining the meridional movement of an eddy. Specifically, a consistent poleward(equatorward) trajectory bending of spatially(temporally) ageostrophic eddies is observed irrespective of their polarity.(3) The mechanism of eddy deflection is also determined by its zonal propagation direction. Westward propagating eddies are substantially affected by thermal fading, while opposite ones by flow dragging. A realistic and comprehensive understanding of eddy deflection mechanisms serves as a significant contribution to the prediction of eddy trajectory, and the protection of ocean environment.

关键词： mesoscale eddies Eddy propagation Eddy meridional deflection Satellite observation Geostrophic adjustment

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The geometry of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea: characteristics and implications

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第4期14卷 464-479页

作者： Guiyan Han Fenglin Tian Chunyong Ma Ge Chen Department of Marine Technology Institute for Advanced Ocean StudyOcean University of ChinaQingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology QingdaoPeople’s Republic of China

The symmetrical circular shape of mesoscale eddies has been widely used in their scientific researches.Recently,an elliptical average eddy shape has been confirmed for eddies in the global ocean using multi-satellite altimeter data.As a regional extension of a previous study on the geometry of global eddies,a mean eddy shape in the South China Sea(SCS)has been derived by averaging a large number of orientational eddy boundaries.The mean shape is approximately a mathematic ellipse with a semimajor axis of 101.3 km and a semiminor axis of 61.3 km.Its size is larger than the global one.The principal eddy orientation in the SCS is 74°/254°(nearly northeast-southwest),different from that of eddies in the global ocean(171°/351°,nearly east–west).Composite analyses of chlorophyll(CHL)concentrations and sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA)indicate a dipole structure for circular eddies in the non-rotated coordinate system.While a monopole structure for elliptical eddies in the eddy-centric coordinate system is obtained.The results demonstrate that the elliptical shape of eddies affects oceanographical variables.The findings provide a new approach for exploring the role of air–sea interactions on oceanic eddies.

关键词： mesoscale eddies eddy shape eddy orientation South China Sea

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Seasonal variability of mesoscale eddies in the Banda Sea inferred from altimeter data

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第12期39卷 11-20页

作者： Baiyang Chen Lingling Xie Quanan Zheng Lei Zhou Lei Wang Baoxin Feng Zipeng Yu Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction College of Ocean and MeteorologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Key Laboratory of Climate Resourcesand Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep OceanGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519000China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Using the mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas product derived from satellite altimeter data from 1993 to 2016,this study analyzes statistical characteristics and seasonal variability of mesoscale eddies in the Banda Sea of the Indonesian seas.The results show that there were 147 mesoscale eddies that occurred in the Banda Sea,of which 137 eddies were locally generated and 10 originated from outside.The total numbers of cyclonic eddies(CEs,clockwise)and anticyclonic eddies(AEs,anticlockwise)are 76 and 71,respectively.Seasonally,the number of CEs(AEs)is twice larger than the number of AEs(CEs)in winter(summer).In winter,CEs are distributed in the southern and AEs in the northern basins,respectively,but the opposite thing occurs in summer,i.e.,the polarities of mesoscale eddies observed at the same location reverse seasonally.The mechanisms of polarity distribution reversal(PDR)of mesoscale eddies are examined with reanalysis data of ocean currents and winds.The results indicate that the basin-scale vorticity,wind stress curl,and the meridional shear of zonal current reverse seasonally,which are favorable to the PDR of mesoscale eddies.The possible generation mechanisms of mesoscale eddies include direct wind forcing,barotropic and baroclinic instabilities,of which the direct wind forcing should play the dominant role.

关键词： mesoscale eddies polarity distribution reversal(PDR) meridional shear Banda Sea Indonesian seas

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Inversion of the three-dimensional temperature structure of mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific based on deep learning

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第10期40卷 176-186页

作者： Fangjie Yu Zeyuan Wang Shuai Liu Ge Chen College of Marine Technology Faculty of Information Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

mesoscale eddies,which are mainly caused by baroclinic effects in the ocean,are common oceanic phenomena in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and play very important roles in ocean circulation,ocean dynamics and material energy transport.The temperature structure of mesoscale eddies will lead to variations in oceanic baroclinity,which can be reflected in the sea level anomaly(SLA).Deep learning can automatically extract different features of data at multiple levels without human intervention,and find the hidden relations of data.Therefore,combining satellite SLA data with deep learning is a good way to invert the temperature structure inside eddies.This paper proposes a deep learning algorithm,eddy convolution neural network(ECN),which can train the relationship between mesoscale eddy temperature anomalies and sea level anomalies(SLAs),relying on the powerful feature extraction and learning abilities of convolutional neural networks.After obtaining the temperature structure model through ECN,according to climatic temperature data,the temperature structure of mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific is retrieved with a spatial resolution of 0.25°at depths of 0–1000 m.The overall accuracy of the ECN temperature structure is verified using Argo profiles at the locations of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies during 2015–2016.Taking 10%error as the acceptable threshold of accuracy,89.64%and 87.25%of the cyclonic and anticyclonic eddy temperature structures obtained by ECN met the threshold,respectively.

关键词： mesoscale eddies temperature structure convolutional neural network Northwest Pacific Ocean

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Influence of mesoscale eddies on primary production in the South China Sea during spring inter-monsoon period

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第3期33卷 118-128页

作者： HU Zifeng TAN Yehui SONG Xingyu ZHOU Linbin LIAN Xiping HUANG Liangmin HE Yinghui Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Marine Biology Research Station at Daya Bay Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanology (LTO) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology ChineseAcademy of Sciences

mesoscale eddies have been suggested to have an impact on biological carbon fixation in the South China Sea （SCS）. However, their overall contribution to primary production during the spring inter-monsoon pe riod is still unknown. Based on large-scale biological and environmental in situ observations and synchro nous remote sensing data, the distribution patterns of phytoplankton biomass and the primary production, and the role of mesoscale eddies in regulating primary production in different eddy-controlled waters were investigated. The results suggested that the surface chlorophyll a concentrations and water column inte grated primary production （IPP） are significantly higher in cyclonic eddies and lower in the anticyclonic eddies as compared to that in non-eddy waters. Although eddies could affect various environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light availability, nutrient supply is suggested to be the most important one through which mesoscale eddies regulated the distribution patterns of phytoplankton biomass and pri mary production. The estimated IPP in cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies are about 29.5% higher and 16.6% lower than the total average in the whole study area, respectively, indicating that the promotion effect of mesoscale cold eddies on the primary production was much stronger than the inhibition effect of the warm eddies per unit area. Overall, mesoscale eddies are crucial physical processes that affect the biological car bon fixation and the distribution pattern of primary production in the SCS open sea, especially during the spring inter-monsoon period.

关键词： mesoscale eddies chlorophyll a primary production vertically generalized production model,remote sensing South China Sea

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Contribution of mesoscale eddies to the Subduction and Transport of North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第1期19卷 36-46页

作者： YANG Zhitong LUO Yiyong Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

This study investigates the contribution of mesoscale eddies to the subduction and transport of North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water(ESTMW)using the high-frequency output of an eddy-resolved ocean model spanning the period 1994–2010.Results show that the subduction induced by mesoscale eddies accounts for about 31%of the total subduction of ESTMW formation.The volume of ESTMW trapped by anticyclonic eddies is slightly larger than that trapped by cyclonic eddies.The ESTMW trapped by all eddies in May reaches up to about 2.8×1013m3,which is approximately 16%of the total ESTMW volume.The eddy-trapped ESTMW moves primarily westward,with its meridional integration at 18°–30°N reaching about 0.17Sv,which is approximately 18%of the total zonal ESTMW transport in this direction,at 140°W.This study highlights the important role of eddies in carrying ESTMW westward over the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

关键词： mesoscale eddies subduction transport North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water

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Model Simulations of mesoscale eddies and Deep Convection in the Labrador Sea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第4期31卷 743-754页

作者： Jieshun ZHU Entcho DEMIROV Ying ZHANG Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies George Mason University Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography Memorial University of Newfoundland Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park

Deep convection in the Labrador Sea is confined within a small region in the southwest part of the basin.The strength of deep convection in this region is related to the local atmospheric and ocean characteristics,which favor processes of deep convection preconditioning and intense air-sea exchange during the winter season.In this study,we explored the effect of eddy-induced flux transport on the stratification of the Labrador Sea and the properties of deep convection.Simulations from an eddy-resolving ocean model are presented for the Labrador Sea.The general circulation was well simulated by the model,including the seasonal cycle of the deep Labrador Current.The simulated distribution of the surface eddy kinetic energy was also close to that derived from Topex-Poseidon satellite altimeter data,but with smaller magnitude.The energy transfer diagnostics indicated that Irminger rings are generated by both baroclinic and barotropic processes; however,when they propagate into the interior basin,the barotropic process also disperses them by converting the eddy energy to the mean flow.In contrast to eddy-permitting simulations,deep convection in the Labrador Sea was better represented in the eddyresolving model regarding their lateral position.Further analysis indicated that the improvement might be due to the lateral eddy flux associated with the resolved Irminger rings in the eddy-resolving model,which contributes to a realistic position of the isopycnal dome in the Labrador Sea and correspondingly a realistic site of deep convection.

关键词： mesoscale eddies deep convection labrador Sea model simulation

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