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The Biomarkers in the Mesoproterozoic Organic-rich Rocks of North China Craton:Implication for the Precursor and Preservation of Organism in the Prokaryotic Realm

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第1期96卷 293-308页

作者： MA Sihong ZHANG Shuichang SU Jin WANG Xiaomei HE Kun FANG Yu MI Jingkui Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China

Mesoproterozoic marine organic-rich rocks are widely distributed in the North China Craton,include the Gaoyuzhuang(GYZ),the Hongshuizhuang(HSZ),and the Xiamaling(XML)formations.According to the T;value and isomerisation ratio of C;homohopanes,the XML,HSZ,and GYZ samples were in low mature,mature and high mature stage,respectively.Biomarker distribution in extractable organic matter(EOM)of three Mesoproterozoic organic-rock samples in different maturity were analysed to reveal the organic precursor and preservation pathway of in the Mesoproterozoic Combined with gold-tube pyrolysates of three Mesoproterozoic samples,it could further illuminate the chemical composition of Mesoproterozoic kerogen,given excluding.The results indicated that the three formations were all deposited under reducing condition and their organic precursors mainly were some aquatic organisms.High content of rearranged hopanes was detected in EOM of XML and HSZ samples,whereas they were relatively low in the high mature GYZ sample.Contrast to that in EOM,the relative concentration of rearranged hopanes sharply decreased in the gold-tube pyrolysates of the XML kerogen,then slightly increased but was still significantly lower than the EOM of XML sample,which indicated that catalysis of clay minerals in the early diagenesis only changed the chemical composition of the unstable functional groups of the kerogen during the preservation.Due to the thriving heterotrophic microbes and low sink rate of particulate organic matter during the Mesoproterozoic,primary producers suffered extensive degradation during sinking process,only some resistant biopolymers lacking of lipid compounds survived from heterotrophic degradation,while heterotrophic microbes contained more proportion of organic precursors.Abundant pristane(Pr)and phytane(Ph)were only released in high mature stage because of the protection of the macromolecular structure of resistant biopolymers which prevented biomarkers from being altered by the thermal stress.The absence of 13α(n-alkyl)-tric

关键词： biomarker kerogen rearranged hopanes primary producer heterotrophic microbe Mesoproterozoic North China Craton

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The Mesoproterozoic Oxygenation Event

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第1期64卷 2043-2068页

作者： Shuichang ZHANG Huajian WANG Xiaomei WANG Yuntao YE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum CorporationBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of EducationSchool of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

The accumulation of oxygen is one of the most important characteristics that distinguish Earth from other planets in the solar system,which is also considered to be the key factor influencing the birth and evolution of complex life forms.The oxygenation process of the Earth surface has long been viewed to be episodic with two critical intervals occurring in the early Paleoproterozoic(2.45-2.10 Ga)and the late Neoproterozoic(0.80-0.54 Ga),with a 1.3-billion-year-long low oxygen period in between.Recently,increasing independent works carried out by different scientific teams in the Yanliao Basin,North China are demonstrating that the atmospheric oxygen concentrations had reached>4%PAL(present atmospheric levels)at least during 1.59-1.56,1.44-1.43,and 1.40-1.36 Ga.These estimated values are higher than the previously recommended values ofMesoproterozoic oxygenation event(1.59-1.36 Ga)between the two major oxygenation intervals during the Proterozoic.This Mesoproterozoic oxygenation event is coupled with the break-up of the Columbia(Nuna)supercontinent,the formation of organic-rich shales and Fe-Mn deposits,and the early innovation of eukaryotic algae,indicating that the geological and biological co-evolutionary processes control the Earth surface system.

关键词： Earth system Mesoproterozoic Oxygen North China Yanliao Basin Xiamaling Formation Gaoyuzhuang Formation

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Geological conditions of natural gas accumulation and new exploration areas in the Mesoproterozoic to Lower Paleozoic of Ordos Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第5期46卷 866-882页

作者： DU Jinhu LI Xiangbo BAO Hongping XU Wanglin WANG Yating HUANG Junping WANG Hongbo WANYAN Rong WANG Jing PetroChina Exploration&Production Company Beijing 100007China Northwest Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentPetroChinaLanzhou 730020China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi’an 710018China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Based on field outcrop investigation,interpretation and analysis of drilling and seismic data,and consulting on a large number of previous research results,the characteristics of ancient marine hydrocarbon source rocks,favorable reservoir facies belts,hydrocarbon migration direction and reservoir-forming law in the Ordos Basin have been studied from the viewpoints of North China Craton breakup and Qilian-Qinling oceanic basin opening and closing.Four main results are obtained:(1)Controlled by deep-water shelf-rift,there are three suites of source rocks in the Ordos Basin and its periphery:Mesoproterozoic,Lower Cambrian and Middle-Upper Ordovician.(2)Controlled by littoral environment,paleo-uplift and platform margin,four types of reservoirs are developed in the area:Mesoproterozoic-Lower Cambrian littoral shallow sea quartz sandstone,Middle-Upper Cambrian–Ordovician weathering crust and dolomitized reservoir,and Ordovician L-shape platform margin reef and beach bodies.(3)Reservoir-forming assemblages vary greatly in the study area,with"upper generation and lower storage"as the main pattern in the platform,followed by"self-generation and self-storage".There are both"upper generation and lower storage"and"self-generation and self-storage"in the platform margin zone.In addition,in the case of communication between deep-large faults and the Changchengian system paleo-rift trough,there may also exist a"lower generation and upper reservoir"combination between the platform and the margin.(4)There are four new exploration fields including Qingyang paleo-uplift pre-Carboniferous weathering crust,L-shape platform margin zone in southwestern margin of the basin,Ordovician subsalt assemblage in central and eastern parts of the basin,and Mesoproterozoic–Cambrian.Among them,pre-Carboniferous weathering crust and L-shape platform margin facies zone are more realistic replacement areas,and Ordovician subsalt assemblage and the Proterozoic-Cambrian have certain potential and are worth exploring.

关键词： natural gas exploration area hydrocarbon accumulation geological conditions Mesoproterozoic Neoproterozoic Lower Paleozoic Ordos Basin

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A Newly Discovered Oil-bearing Mesoproterozoic Erathem within the Niu D1 Well, Liaoxi Depression, Yanliao Faulted Depression Zone, NE China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第1期94卷 202-203页

作者： SUN Qiushi GAO Xiaoyong ZONG Wenming SUN Shouliang ZHANG Tao XIAO Fei LI Yongfei SHI Lei Shenyang Center of Geological Survey China Geological Survey(CGS)/Northeast China Center for Geoscience InnovationShenyang 110034China

Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness of up to 9000 m.Previous studies identified many oil seedlings as well as asphalt and ancient hydrocarbon reservoirs in Northern Hebei depression and western Liaoning depression.This research indicates that the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic sedimentary units are ideally suited for the formation of significant oil and gas resources.The Niu D1 well was drilled by the China Geological Survey(CGS)in the Niuyingzi area and intercepted oil immersions and oil-and gas-bearing units within a limestone reservoir in the middle Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation(Fig.1).This study presents new biomarker compound and carbon isotope data that indicate that the oil within this formation was derived from hydrocarbon source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation,part of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Series,and the reservoir type is overthrust fault fractured anticline hydrocarbon reservoir.The oil reservoir within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation limestone might represent the oldest oil reservoir discovered to date within the Yanliao faulted depression zone.

关键词： NE China A Newly Discovered Oil-bearing Mesoproterozoic Erathem within the Niu D1 Well Yanliao Faulted Depression Zone Liaoxi Depression

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Chemical and Sr-Nd compositions and ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar ages of NW-trending dolerite dikes of Burkina Faso: Evidence for a Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the West African Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1957-1980页

作者： Boukare Tapsoba Ching-Hua Lo Urbain Wenmenga Yoshiyuki Iizuka Sun-Lin Chung Gregory Shellnutt Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University UFR-SVT Département de Géologie Université Pr.Joseph Ki-Zerbo de Ouagadougou Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica Department of Earth Sciences National Taiwan Normal University

The Paleoproterozoic basement of the northeastern part of the Leo-Man craton is intruded by generally NW-trending dikes. These regional scale dikes extend over 1000 km in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. We present chemical and Sr-Nd isotope compositions, as well as 40 Ar/39 Ar ages of these dikes with the following strikes N98°-N112°, and N114°-N124° in NE Burkina Faso. Field relationships show that the dikes are posterior to all other rock types dated between 2.26 Ga and 2.0 Ga. Chemical data indicate that the dikes are continental flood basalts and composed of low-Ti(TiO2 ≤ 2 wt.%) sub-alkaline basalts and andesites. They exhibit a minor negative Europium anomaly(0.86-0.99) and slightly fractionated REE patterns((La/Yb)_N= 2.5-9.1; Yb_N = 9.5-19.9). The ratios of Th/Ta(1.3-11.4) and Ce/Pb(5.2-58.5)suggest a varying crustal assimilation of the dike magmas during ascent in the continental crust for all studied samples. Calculated P-T conditions indicate that the magma reached temperatures of 1285 ℃(calculated from olivine compositions) and pressures of 6.9 kbar(calculated for pyroxene minerals).Calculated initial 87 Sr/86 Sr(0.70040-0.70260) and ε_(Nd)(t)=+2.1 to-3.5 at 1575 Ma,also point to a crustal contamination with the most primitive samples showing T_(DM) values of 1946 Ma and 2154 Ma. The low values of La/Ba(Mesoproterozoic magmatism between 1.6 Ga and 1.2 Ga, and were affected by a thermal event causing the argon systematics resetting, best constrained by the date of sample KK1(1236 ± 20 Ma,^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar = 294 ±13, MSWD = 2.2)

关键词： Mafic dike swarm Depleted mantle Mesoproterozoic Continental tholeiites Nuna West African Craton

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Petrology,geochronology,and geophysical characterization of Mesoproterozoic rocks in central Illinois,USA

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 581-596页

作者： Jared T.Freiburg John HMcBride David HMalone Hannes ELeetaru Illinois State Geological Survey Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign615 E.Peabody DriveChampaignIL 61820USA University of Greifswald Institute of Geography and GeologyFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str.17aD-17489 GreifswaldGermany Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Geography Geologyand the EnvironmentCampus Box 4400Illinois State UniversityNormalIL61790-4400USA

The Precambrian basement rocks of the Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Province(EGRP)in central Illinois(midcontinent region of North America)exhibit a complex history of early volcanism,granite emplacement,and intrusion of mafic rocks.A comprehensive suite of dedicated petrographic analyses,geophysical logs,and drill core from four basement-penetrating wells,two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic reflection data,and U-Pb age data from the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project(IBDP)and Illinois Carbon Capture Storage(ICCS)Project site provide new constraints for interpreting the Precambrian basement of the Illinois Basin.These new data reveal the basement to be compositionally and structurally complex,having typical EGRP felsic volcanic rocks intruded by the first reported gabbro in the Precambrian basement in Illinois.Zircons(n?29)from rhyolite give a U-Pb weighted mean average age of 14679 Ma.Zircons(n?3)from a gabbro dike that intrudes the rhyolite yield a concordia age of 107312 Ma,which corresponds to Grenville-age extension and represents the first Grenville-age rock in Illinois and in the EGRP.A high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection volume,coincident with the four wells,provides a context for interpreting the petrological data and implies a high degree of heterogeneity for basement rocks at the IBDP–ICCS site,as also shown by the drill cores.The occurrence of Grenville-age gabbro is related to a prominent bowl-like structure observed on local two-dimensional seismic reflection profiles and the three-dimensional volume that is interpreted as a deep-seated mafic sill complex.Furthermore,heterogeneities such as the brecciated EGRP rhyolite and later gabbro intrusion observed in the basement lithology at the IBDP–ICCS may reflect previously unknown distal elements of the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift in the EGRP and more likely Grenville-age extension.

关键词： Eastern granite-rhyolite province Mesoproterozoic Carbon storage Reflection seismology Zircon U-Pb geochronology Illinois

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Stromatolite characteristics of Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in the northern margin of Yangtze Block, China

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China Geology 2019年第3期2卷 364-381页

作者： Hong-wei Kuang Zheng-xiu Fan Yong-qing Liu Nan Peng Zhi-cai Zhu Zhen-rui Yang Zhi-xian Wang Hui-liang Yu Quan Zhong Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing100037China College of Resources and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China Administration of Shennongjia National Park ShengnongjiaHubei442421China

Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in Shennongjia Area can be divided into three subgroups in ascender order. Of which the lower subgroup includes Yingwodong, Dayanping, Macaoyuan, Luanshigou, Dawokeng and Kuangshishan formations;the middle subgroup is formed by Yemahe, Wenshuihe and Shicaohe formations;the upper subgroup consists of Songziyuan and Wagangxi formations. Stromatolites developed very well in the carbonate rocks of each subgroup in Shennongjia Group. Based on descriptions of stromatolites macrotypes and their characteristics, this paper studied the formation environments, discussed the relationship among types, sizes, abundance of stromatolites and sedimentary environment, and established the formation and development pattern of stromatolites. As a result, this research also reveals the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate during the period of the Shennongjia Group deposited, which is beneficial to the study of paleoenvironment, paleogeography and paleoclimate, stratigraphic succession and regional correlation of the northern edge of Yangtze block. Stromatolites of Shennongjia Group are mainly conical, columnar, domal, wavy, stratiform and stromatolite reefs. The columnar and conical stromatolites are well developed. Conical stromatolites are mainly monomers, with a variety of pyramidal types, ranging in diameter from a few millimeters to several meters and formed in the high energy subtidal zone and tidal lagoon environment. Most of the columnar stromatolites are medium to small sizes implied a wide and gentle slope environment at that time. Stratiform (including wavy) stromatolites are larger scales and extends far away and distributed most widely in almost every horizon in the carbonate rocks. Stratiform stromatolites can be formed in low energy environments such as subtidal and intertidal zones and supratidal belts. Wavy stromatolites often developed in the hydrodynamic energy condition from weak energy intertidal zone gradually strengthened to the below of the high energy supratidal. Although stroma

关键词： Stromatolite Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group Shennongjia Area Northern Margin of Yangtze Craton Geological survey engineering China

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Typical earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformation structures in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, Yongding River Valley, Beijing, China and interpreted earthquake frequency

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2012年第1期1卷 71-89页

作者： Su Dechen Sun Aiping Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics Beijing 100037 China

The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, composed of dolomite is a widely distributed stratigraphic unit in the Beijing area. It was formed over a long period of time in the Yan-Liao aulacogen, a stable peritidal environment that was ideal for recording earthquakes in the form of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS). Numerous examples occur in the upper part of the Wumishan Formation, along the Yongding River Valley. In addition, brittle structures include intrastratal fault and seismically cracked breccias. The soft-sediment deformation structures include liquefied features (diapirs, clastic dykes, convolute bedding), compressional deformation features (accordion folds, plate-spine breccias, mound-and-sag structures), and extensional plastic features (loop-bedding). Based on the regional geological setting and previous research, movements along the main axial fault of the Yan-Liao aulacogen are considered as the triggers for earthquakes since the Early Mesoproterozoic. The number and distribution of the SSDS suggest the major earthquake frequency in the Wumishan Formation of 20 to 32 thousand years.

关键词： soft-sediment deformation structures Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation Yongding River valley China, earthquake frequency

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Molar-Tooth Structure from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Lingyuan,Yanshan Region,North China,and Geological Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第1期86卷 85-95页

作者： KUANG Hongwei LIU Yongqing PENG Nan LUO Shunshe LI Jiahua CEN Chao CHEN Mingpei Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Education of China School of Geophysics and Oil Resources of Yangtze University JingzhouHubei 434023China China University ofGeosciences Beijing 100083China School of Geosciences of Yangtze University Jingzhou Hubei 434023China

Although its origin has not yet reached a consensus so far, MTS （Molar-Tooth Structure） has been documented for more than 100 years. Current study reports a discovery of MTS from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, Lingyuan, Yanshan Region, North China, and the features and geological implications of MTS are further discussed. Here, straitigraphic horizons of MTS＇s occurrences show that it was mainly located within the top part of the Wumishan Formation, i.e., limestone unit. Four kinds of morphology of MTS, i.e., fine fusiform, debris, ribbon, ptigmatic and nodular （irregular）, were recognized and thought to be highly related to the sedimentary environments and facies. Geochemistry of MTS including oxides, trace elements and C, O and Sr isotopes indicates that the horizons of MTS-bearing is of higher Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios, lower positive ~13C and highly negative 3180 values than the adjacent stratigraphic levels of rare MTS. Lithology, morphology and geochemistry of MTS in the Wumishan Formation suggest that MTS occurs mainly in shallow subtidal near the storm wave base, which is typically characterized by warm temperature, oversaturated calcium carbonate seawater and high organic productivity. Furthermore, occasional enrichment of algae bacteria here is more favorable for the calcification of calcium oozes and catalytic for MTS. C isotope composition of the Wumishan Formation and MTS of this study is well correlated with that of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, North America and Riphean, Siberia, suggesting that MTS acts as a sedimentary record responding to global changes and is a perfect indicator in Precambrian stratigraphic correlation worldwide.

关键词： Molar-tooth Structure Wumishan Formation Mesoproterozoic Implications Lingyuan Yanshan Region

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Deformed stromatolites in marbles of the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation as evidence for synsedimentary seismic activity

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第4期2卷 390-401页

作者： A.J.(Tom) van Loon Su Dechen Geological Institute Adam Mickiewicz University Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics

The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation consists mainly of dolomites that represent diagenetically transformed limestones deposited in a shallow peritidal environment.Although the environment was tectonically stable,the study area in the Changping District(north of the Beijing area) was affected by synsedimentary earthquakes.Later,the dolomites in the study area were intruded by a granite.This resulted in contact metamorphism of the dolomites,changing them in a halo around the intrusion into marble.This marble,which is exposed near Taoyukou Village,shows some levels with well-developed stromatolites.The stromatolites contain structures that point at deformation when the stromatolites had not yet been lithified,and thus represent soft-sediment deformation structures.The stromatolites apparently built up during a time-span when repeated deformational processes affected the still unlithified sediment,from the sedimentary surface down to maximally a few decimeters.The deformed stromatolites thus represent seismites,which feature is exceptionally rarely recognizable in marble.

关键词： soft-sediment deformation stromatolites seismites Wumishan Formation Mesoproterozoic Changping District Beijing

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