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Split Addition of Nitrogen-Rich Substrate at Thermophilic and mesophilic Stages of Composting: Effect on Green House Gases Emission and Quality of Compost

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第2期14卷 133-158页

作者： Boakye Acheampong Kodwo Miezah Enoch Bessah Benedicta Essel Ayamba Francis Kemausour Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Environmental Science College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Division CSIR-Soil Research Institute Kumasi Ghana The Brew-Hammond Energy Center College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Composting as a solution to the increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), also contribute to GHGs emission when not controlled and could lack some basic nutrients, especially nitrogen. This study assessed the split-additions of nitrogen-rich substrate to composting materials and their effect on GHGs emissions as well as the quality of the composts. Nitrogen-rich substrates formulated from pig and goat manure were co-composted with MSW for a 12-weeks period by split adding at mesophilic (˚C) and thermophilic (>50˚C) stages in five different treatments. Representative samples from the compost were taken from each treatment for physicochemical, heavy metals and bacteriological analysis. In-situ CH4, CO2, N2O gas emissions were also analyzed weekly during composting. It was observed that all the treatments showed significant organic matter decomposition, reaching thermophilic temperatures in the first week of composting. The absence affects the suitable agronomic properties. All nitrogen-rich substrate applied at thermophilic stage (Treatment two) recorded the highest N, P and K concentrations of 1.34%, 0.97% and 2.45%, respectively with highest nitrogen retention. In terms of GHG emissions, CO2 was highest at the thermophilic stage when N-rich substrate was added in all treatment, while CH4 was highest in the mesophilic stage with N-rich substrate addition. N2O showed no specific trend in the treatments. Split addition of the N-rich substrate for co-composting of MSW produced compost which is stable, has less nutrient loss and low GHG emissions. Split addition of a nitrogen-rich substrate could be an option for increasing the fertilizer value of MSW compost.

关键词： Compost Nitrogen-Rich Substrate Thermophilic mesophilic Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Start-up performances of dry anaerobic mesophilic and thermophilic digestions of organic solid wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期19卷 416-420页

作者： LU Shu-guang IMAI Tsuyoshi UKITA Masao SEKINE Masahiko College of Resource and Environmental Engineering East China University of Scienee and Technology Shanghai 200237 China. Department of Civil Engineering Yamaguchi University Ube Yamaguchi 755-8611 Japan

Two dry anaerobic digestions of organic solid wastes were conducted for 6 weeks in a lab-scale batch experiment for investigating the start-up performances under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The enzymatic activities, i.e., β-glucosidase, N-α-benzoyl-Largininamide （BAA）-hydrolysing protease, urease and phosphatase activities were analysed. The BAA-hydrolysing protease activity during the first 2-3 weeks was low with low pH, but was enhanced later with the pH increase. β-Glucosidase activity showed the lowest values in weeks 1-2, and recovered with the increase of BAA-hydrolysing protease activity. Acetic acid dominated most of the total VFAs in thermophilic digestion, while propionate and butyrate dominated in mesophilic digestion. Thermophilic digestion was confirmed more feasible for achieving better performance against misbalance, especially during the start-up period in a dry anaerobic digestion process.

关键词： anaerobic digestion enzymatic activity mesophilic solid wastes thermophilic

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mesophilic Process and Kinetics Studies of Selected Biomolecules as Potential Enhancers of Biomethanization of Cow Dung in an Anaerobic Tubular Batch Reactor

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 147-155页

作者： Paul Njogu Francis Xavier Ochieng Benard Ogembo Stephen Ondimu Christopher Kanali Erick Ronoh Daniel Omondi Hiram Ndiritu Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology JKUAT Nairobi Kenya School of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering JKUAT Nairobi Kenya School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering JKUAT Nairobi Kenya

mesophilic biogas production and substrate decomposition is one of the significant limiting steps in biogas generation. The rate of generation and quality often affect the viability of biogas systems. This study assessed the potential for biogas process catalysis using powdered Sorghum bicolor L., Zea mays, and Pennisetum glaucum. The kinetics and biogas generation processes were studied. Experiments were conducted in 1 m3 tubular batch reactors, where batches were dosed with various organic biomolecules. Results show that the use of P. glaucum L. and S. bicolor L. reduced the biogas retention times significantly. Biogas generation commenced after the first day for digesters fed with S. bicolor L. and P. glaucum L. while one with Z. mays and control occurred on day two. The rate of biomethanation and methane content were enhanced. S. bicolor L. led to the highest methane content. Findings reveal that locally available organic biomolecules improved biogas quality and quantity.

关键词： mesophilic Kinetics Biomolecules Biomethanation Reaction Rates Anaerobic

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Biochemical methane potential of three-phase olive mill solid waste:Influence of temperature and supplemental enzymes

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第3期5卷 248-254页

作者： Rafat Al Afif Christoph Pfeifer Institute of Chemical and Energy Engineering Department of Material Sciences and Process EngineeringUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaMuthgasse 1071190 ViennaAustria

Methane potential of three-phase olive mill solid waste(3POMSW)was evaluated by biochemical methane potential(BMP)tests at temperatures of 37.5◦C and 55◦C.The results have shown,that thermophilic processing has a higher methane and biogas yield by 10%and 17.2%,respectively,compared to mesophilic conditions.Concluding thermophilic conditions of 3POMSW results in higher conversion of the feedstock into biogas.The result of addition of enzymes(MethaPlus,Hemicellulase,PectinaseL,Amylase S and Lipase)and their mixtures to 3POMSW at 55◦C has shown that the optimum mixture of enzymes was Metha Plus and Hemicellulase,which resulted in an increase of methane yield by 1.3%compared to the base case without addition of enzymes.Simple model equations were developed based on first-order kinetic in order to calculate the biogas yield versus the time as a function of reaction rate constant(k)and the maximum biogas yield(ymax).In this study,results have shown two different reaction rates obtained for the mixtures of enzymes with 3POMSW of 0.130 d^(-1) from t=0…14 days and 0.034 d^(-1) from t=28…63 days.The developed simple model equations can be applied for calculating the biogas yield at the time and by optimizing the process improving biological nutrient removal.

关键词： Three-phase olive mill solid waste Biochemical methane potential mesophilic Thermophilic Anaerobic digestion

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Startup and operation of anaerobic EGSB reactor treating palm oil mill effluent

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期20卷 658-663页

作者： ZHANG Yejian YAN Li CHI Lina LONG Xiuhua MEI Zhijian ZHANG Zhenjia School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China College of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325000 China

A bench-scale expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor was applied to the treatment of palm oil mill effluent （POME）. The reactor had been operated continuously at 35℃ for 514 d, with organic loading rate （OLR） increased from 1.45 to 17.5 kg COD/（m^3·d）. The results showed that the EGSB reactor had good performance in terms of COD removal on the one hand, high COD removal of 91% was obtained at two days＇ of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, and the highest OLR of 17.5 kg COD/（m^3·d）. On the other hand, only 46% COD in raw POME was transformed into biogas in which the methane content was about 70% （V/V）. A 30-d intermittent experiment indicated that the maximum transformation potential of organic matter in raw POME into methane was 56%. Volatile fatty acid （VFA） accumulation was observed in the later operation stage, and this was settled by supplementing trace metal elements. On the whole, the system exhibited good stability in terms of acidity and alkalinity. Finally, the operational problems inherent in the laboratory scale experiment and the corresponding countermeasures were also discussed.

关键词： palm oil mill effluent mesophilic anaerobic digestion expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB）

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Kinetic modeling of copper bioleaching from low-grade ore from the Shahrbabak Copper Complex

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第6期24卷 611-620页

作者： Saman Beikzadeh Noei Saeed Sheibani Fereshteh Rashchi Seyed Mohammad Javad Mirazimi School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 13145-1318 Iran

The copper recovery from low-grade copper sulfide ore was investigated using microbial leaching. Several parameters substantially affect the bioleaching of copper; among them, pulp density and nutrient media were selected for investigation. The optimum conditions for copper recovery were a pulp density of 5 g/mL, a mixed-mineral salt medium of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans(70vol%) and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(30vol%), and 10vol% of inoculum. Under these conditions, the maximum bioleaching capacity of the medium for copper recovery was determined to be approximately 99%. The effect of pulp density on the kinetics of the bioleaching process was surveyed using both da Silva's method and constrained multilinear regression analysis. The kinetics of copper dissolution followed the shrinking core model, and the process was diffusion controlled at a pulp density of 5 g/mL. Nevertheless, at higher pulp densities, the process was controlled by chemical reaction.

关键词： bioleaching kinetics modeling copper mesophilic bacteria

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Favorable and unfavorable amino acid residues in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 36-44页

作者： Hiroshi Nakashima Ayano Yoshihara Kei-ichiro Kitamura Department of Clinical Laboratory Science Graduate Course of Medical Science and Technology School of Health Science Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan

We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfavorable. The characterization was performed by comparing the observed number of each amino acid residue to the expected number calculated from the percentage of nucleotides present in each gene. Amino acids that were more or less abundant than expected were considered as favorable or unfavorable, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid compositions indicated that the water-soluble proteins were rich in charged residues such as Glu, Asp, Lys, and His, whereas hydrophobic residues such as Trp, Phe, and Leu were abundant in transmembrane proteins. Interestingly, our results found that although the Trp residue was abundant in transmembrane proteins, it was not defined as favorable by our calculations, indicating that increased numbers of a particular amino acid does not necessary indicate it is a favorable residue. Amino acids with high G + C content such as Ala, Gly, and Pro were frequently observed as favorable in species with low G + C content. Comparatively, amino acids with low G + C content such as Phe, Tyr, Lys, Ile, and Met were frequently observed as favorable in species with high G + C content. These are the examples to increase the supply of amino acids than expected. Amino acids with neutral G + C content, i.e., Glu and Asp were favorable in water-soluble proteins from all species analyzed, and Cys was unfavorable both in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins. These results indicate that amino acid compositions are essentially determined by the nucleotide sequence of the genes, and the amino acid content is altered by a deviation from expectation.

关键词： Amino Acid Composition Nucleotide Composition Favorable and Unfavorable Residues Water-Soluble and Transmembrane Proteins Thermophilic and mesophilic Species

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Sanitizing Method Effects on Depending-Culture Microorganisms in <i>Tuber aestivium</i>

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第6期5卷 425-432页

作者： Ilef Ben Romdhane Neila Saidi Shweta Deshaware Salem Shamekh Laboratory of Treatment and Water Recycling Centre of Research and Water Technologies (CERTE) Technopark of Borj-Cedria Soliman Tunisia Food Engineering and Technology Department Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology School of Chemical Technology Aalto University Aalto Finland Juva Truffle Center Juva Finland

Tuber aestivum/uncinatum has been widely used as food, food additives, and traditional medicine. Truffles are extremely perishable with a short postharvest life quality requiring a special handling for marketing in order to delay its deterioration. This study aimed to assess the effects of different sanitizing methods on superficial Tuber aestivium quality ascocarp. The results showed that the best treatment was obtained by immersing the Truffle ascocarps in boiling water for 1 or 2 min where counts of total mesophilic microoraganisms (TMM) were respectively 81 and 7 CFU per g of dry Truffle ascocarps biomass, respectively. However, the highest TMM was obtained after rinsing Truffle ascocarps in 2% NaOH where recovery was 108 CFU per g of dry Truffle ascocarps biomass. Treatments applied to disinfect Truffle ascocarps were classified by increasing degree of efficiency as follows to reduce the microbial load expressed in CFU/g: Dipping in boiling water (2 min) 7 ± 3.41;dipping in boiling water (1 min) 81 ± 25.8, rinsing with alcohol 2.102 ± 13;rinsing with tap water 6.103 ± 36;rinsing with H2O2 6.104 ± 2;brushing 2.105 ± 28 and rinsing with NaOH 108 ± 15.

关键词： Tuber aestivium Ascocarps Total Count mesophilic Bacteria Molds and Yeast Decontamination

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Experimental Study of Biogas Production from Cow Dung as an Alternative for Fossil Fuels

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2019年第3期9卷 91-97页

作者： Moutaz Benali Tarek Hamad Yousif Hamad Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Omar Al-Mukhtar University El-Beida Libya

To treat the problem of fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions, biogas is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. The aim of the work is to analyze the amount of biogas and ph from cow dung when an anaerobic digester operates in the mesophilic mode. In this study is presented the experimental investigation of biogas production from cow dung as an alternative energy resource. This is work using an 18 Liters capacity plastic as prototype biogas plant, plant to inspect the anaerobic digestion in producing biogas. The digester was batch operated and daily gas produced from the plant was observed for 30 days. The digester was fed within the ratio of 1:1 of dung to water respectively. The operating temperatures of the digester were maintained within mesophilic conditions. The Biogas production from cow dung fluctuates from the first day to the thirtieth day between 0 and 340 ml. The pH of cow dung is gradual reduction within the retention period.

关键词： Biogas Production Cow Dung Anaerobic Digestion mesophilic Clean Energy

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Degradation of Phenolic Compounds in Creosote Treated Wood Waste by A Mixed Microbial Culture Augmented with Cellulolytic- Thermophilic Actinomaycets <i>Thermobifida fusca</i>

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第1期3卷 83-96页

作者： Abdel E Ghaly Bopeng Zhang Deepika Dave 不详

Creosote is used for preservation of railway ties and timbers, electric utility poles, marine and foundation piling, fences and garden furniture. Creosote-treated wood waste may cause potential contamination of soil and water if they are not disposed properly. Creosote contains over 300 organic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds and heterocyclic organic compounds, many of which are toxic to human and can cause damage to kidney, liver, eyes and skin. The feasibility of using a composting technique inoculated with the cellulose degrading actinomycetesThermobifidafusca as a mesophilic/thermophilic bioremediation option to degrade phenolic compounds in creosote treated wood waste was evaluated. The temperature profile of bioremediation process clearly identified mesophilic and thermophilic phases in both experiments. Different degradation rates were observed in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases. Fluctuations of pH was observed in both experiment as the result of the breakdown of organic nitrogen to ammonium in the first week and the formation of organic acids and the loss of ammonium with the exhaust gases in the latter stage. The moisture content decreased in both trials because of the net loss of water with the exhaust gas. Both experiments achieved similar reductions in total carbon and TKN, volatile solids and phenolic compounds, cellulose and lignin indicating similar levels of microbial activities during the composting process. The stability and maturity of the final products were also similar. The inoculation of the cellulolytic-thermophilicactinomycetesThermobifidafusca did not manifest observable differences in degrading cellulose, lignin and phenolic compounds compared with the control.

关键词： Composting Bioremediation mesophilic Thermophilic Phenolic Compounds Wood Waste

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