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Effect of losing a fight on later agonistic behavior toward unfamiliar conspecifics in male Syrian hamsters

Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 449-452页

作者： Javier DELBARCO-TRILLO Robert E. JOHNSTON Comell University Department of Psychology Uris Hall Ithaca NY 14853 USA

In many species, agonistic interactions result in social relationships that are stable over time. In Syrian hamsters, two unfamiliar males that are placed together will fight vigorously and a clear winner/loser relationship is usually established. In subsequent interactions, the loser will flee soon after detecting the familiar winner. Here we tested the hypothesis that losing a fight with a conspecific will affect future agonistic interactions not only toward that individual （i.e., the familiar winner） but also toward unfamiliar conspecifics. To test this hypothesis we paired two Syrian hamster males in three trials on one day in which the loser had tile opportunity to escape the winner. The next day the loser was paired with an unfarniliar male, also for three trials. If he lost again, he was tested on a third day with a third unfamiliar male. Subjects were those males that were losers on all three days. The latency to escape on the first trial on Days 2 and 3 was significantly shorter than on the first trial on Day l, indicating that losing against the first male affected the response toward unfamiliar males. However, the latency to escape on the first trial on Days 2 and 3 was significantly longer than that on the third trial on the preceding day, indicating that a loser treats unfamiliar males differently than a familiar winner. These results suggest that a defeat during an interaction with one male affects later agonistic behavior towards other, unfamiliar males [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 449-452, 2011].

关键词： Agonistic behavior Loser Hamsters mesocricetus

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Activity of dihydroartemisinin against Leishmania donovani both in vitro and vivo

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Chinese Medical Journal 2004年第8期117卷 1271-1273页

作者：马莹芦殿梅陆小军廖琳胡孝素 Department of Parasitology School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Department of Laboratory Medicine Huaxi Hospital Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China

Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL) , also known as kala-azar, is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoa of the Leishmania donovani complex. It is usually fatal if untreated. Pentavalent antimonials have been the mainstay of treatment for more than 60 years, but these drugs have serious side effects and progressive antimonial resistance. Other proven therapeutics such as amphotericin B, pentamidine, and paromomycin are costly without oral formulation and unpleasant side effects. Thus, new chemotherapeutic drugs are required to supplement or replace currently available drugs. Artemisinin is isolated from the Chinese herb Artemisia annua L. Its derivatives have anti-malarial activities and are associated with very low toxicity to animals. They have also been shown to act against Schistosoma japonicum, Leishmania major, etc. Although artem-isinin and its derivatives are effective against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis, their activities against Leishmania donovani have not been reported. We investigated the effect of dihydroartemisinin ( DHA) , one of the artemisinin derivatives, on the, growth of L. donovani promastigotes in cell-free culture and on experimental visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters.

关键词： Animals Artemisinins Cricetinae Leishmania donovani Male mesocricetus Sesquiterpenes

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