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Rising future tropical cyclone-induced extreme winds in the mekong river basin

Science Bulletin 2020年第5期65卷 419-424页

作者： Aifang Chen Kerry AEmanuel Deliang Chen Changgui Lin Fuqing Zhang Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science Center for Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability Techniquesthe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

The societal impact of extreme winds induced by tropical cyclones(TCs)is a major concern in the mekong river basin(MRB).Though no clear trend of landfalling TC intensity along the Vietnam coastline has been observed since the 1970 s,climate models project an increasing TC intensity in the 21 st century over the Western North Pacific,which is the primary TC source region influencing the ***,how future TC activities will affect extreme winds quantitatively in the MRB remains *** employing a novel dynamical downscaling technique using a specialized,coupled ocean-atmospheric model,shorter return periods of maximum wind speed in the MRB for 2081–2100 compared with 1981–2000 are projected based on five global climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario,suggesting increases in the future tropical cyclone *** results point to consistently elevated future TC-related risks that may jeopardize sustainable development,disrupt food supply,and exacerbate conflicts in the region and beyond.

关键词： Tropical cyclone Extreme wind Return period mekong river basin

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Evaluation of Transboundary Water Resource Development in mekong river basin: The Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in the Context of Water Cooperation

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第7期13卷 498-537页

作者： Nguyen Phuong Lan Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

mekong river is one of the major international freshwater sources in the world. The Lower mekong basin (LMB) comprised of four downstream countries, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The utilization of the basin’s water brings not only substantial benefits to the region ranging from hydropower to navigation, but also negative impacts caused by the unbalanced water using. The essential role of mekong river requires all member nations to cooperate effectively for the sustainable development of the region. One of the most popular methods in the field of water resource management is a trustable tool called the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is much appropriate for water resource policymaking. The literature, however, points out that there is no study to both structure the water using hierarchy and employ quantitative (objective) criteria to the AHP model in LMB case. With regard to water resource management, there are no previous studies applying AHP models to evaluating sustainable development of transboundary water resource in LMB case. This paper explores the evolution of water cooperation among mekong countries and subsequently evaluates the water development scenarios in the LMB based on the water cooperation preferences of four LMB countries This study proposes a novel approach to analyzing, assessing water resource development scenarios characterized by sustainability indicators and to assisting in developing a suitable water policy in LMB according to the best cooperation scenario.

关键词： Analytic Hierarchy Process Lower mekong basin Transboundary Water Cooperation Transboundary Water Evaluation mekong river Commission mekong river basin

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Climate change and groundwater resources in Myanmar

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2017年第1期5卷 59-66页

作者： Than Zaw Maung Maung Than Groundwater Division Head Office Irrigation and Water Utilization Management Department Ministry of Agriculture Bago Regional Office Irrigation and Water Utilization Management Department Ministry of Agriculture

Myanmar is located in Southeast Asia within the mekong river basin. The estimated annual surface and groundwater potentials are 1 081 km^3 and 494 km^3, respectively. Based on geological conditions, 11 different types of aquifers have been classified in Myanmar. The recent alluvial formation, Irrawaddy formation, Upper Pegu Group and Plateau limestone formation are the major water-bearing geologic formations of the country. In Myanmar, 89% of the groundwater is used for agriculture, approximately 8% is used for domestic consumption, and 3% is used for industrial purposes. Climate change projections for Myanmar from 2001 to 2100 predict general increases in temperature, clear-sky days, rainfall variability and flooding risks and a greater occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events across the country. Additional technology and investments are required to achieve groundwater resource security in response to climate changes. In addition, methods of ensuring the sustainability of groundwater resources must be implemented via collaborations with other countries and international sources.

关键词： mekong river basin Myanmar Groundwater resource Aquifer Climate change Sustainability

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Pollution assessment of heavy metals along the mekong river and dam effects

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第5期22卷 874-884页

作者： FU Kaidao SU Bin HE Daming LU Xixi SONG Jingyi HUANG Jiangcheng Asian International rivers Center Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Yunnan Key Laboratory for International rivers and Transboundary Ecology Security Kunming 650091 China Department of Geography National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore

The resource development and changes of hydrological regime, sediment and water quality in the mekong river basin have attracted great attentions. This research aimed to enhance the study on transboundary pollution of heavy metals in this international river. In this study, eight sampling sites were selected to collect the bed sand samples along the mainstream of the mekong river. In addition, the contents of 5 heavy metal elements and their spatial variability along the mainstream of the river were analyzed. The geoaccumulation index （l^eo） and potential ecological risk analysis were employed to assess heavy metal pol- lution status in the mainstream of the mekong river. The results show that the average con- tent of the heavy metal elements Zn is 91.43 mg/kg, Pb is 41.85 mg/kg, and As is 21.84 mg/kg in the bed sands of the Upper mekong river, which are higher than those （Zn 68.17 mg/kg, Pb 28.22 mg/kg, As 14.97 mg/kg） in the Lower mekong. The average content of Cr in the Lower mekong is 418.86 mg/kg, higher than that in the Upper mekong （42.19 mg/kg）. Luang Prabang has a very high Cr concentration with 762.93 mg/kg and Pakse with 422.90 mg/kg. The concentration of Cu in all of the 8 sampling sites is similar, except for in Jiajiu with 11.70 mg/kg and Jiebei with 7.00 mg/kg. The results of the geoaccumulation index reveal that contaminations caused by Zn and Pb while Pb and As are more than those by Zn in Upper mekong. Cr is the primary pollutant in the Lower mekong, especially at Luang Prabang and Pakse. Slight pollution with As also occurs in Pakse. The potential ecological risk index indi- cates that the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the mainstream of the mekong river is low. We argue that the pollution of water quality and contamination of heavy metals in bed sediment caused by mining of mineral resources or geochemical background values in the mekong is not transmitted from the Upper to the Lower mekong because of the reservoir sedimentation and

关键词： mekong river basin heavy metal pollution geoaccumulation index potential ecological risk index

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