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The genome-wide meiotic recombination landscape in ciliates and its implications for crossover regulation and genome evolution

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第3期51卷 302-312页

作者： Lu Fu Chen Gu Kazufumi Mochizuki Jie Xiong Wei Miao Guangying Wang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Human Genetics(IGH) CNRSUniversity of Montpellier34396 MontpellierFrance Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430072China Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingJiangsu 210008China

meiotic recombination is essential for sexual reproduction and its regulation has been extensively studied in many taxa.However,genome-wide recombination landscape has not been reported in ciliates and it remains unknown how it is affected by the unique features of ciliates:the synaptonemal complex(SC)-independent meiosis and the nuclear dimorphism.Here,we show the recombination landscape in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila by analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphism datasets from 38 hybrid progeny.We detect 1021 crossover(CO)events(35.8 per meiosis),corresponding to an overall CO rate of 9.9 cM/Mb.However,gene conversion by non-crossover is rare(1.03 per meiosis)and not biased towards G or C alleles.Consistent with the reported roles of SC in CO interference,we find no obvious sign of CO interference.CO tends to occur within germ-soma common genomic regions and many of the 44 identified CO hotspots localize at the centromeric or subtelomeric regions.Gene ontology analyses show that CO hotspots are strongly associated with genes responding to environmental changes.We discuss these results with respect to how nuclear dimorphism has potentially driven the formation of the observed recombination landscape to facilitate environmental adaptation and the sharing of machinery among meiotic and somatic recombination.

关键词： meiotic recombination Hotspot Crossover interference Adaptive evolution

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DNA/RNA helicase DHX36 is required for late stages of spermatogenesis

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第11期14卷 50-61页

作者： Kejia Zhang Tianxin Zhang Yujie Zhang Jinyu Yuan Xinzhe Tang Chaobao Zhang Qianqian Yin Yonglian Zhang Ming-Han Tong School of Life Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular AndrologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

Spermatogenesis is a highly complex developmental process that typically consists of mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. DNA/RNA helicase DHX36, a unique guanine-quadruplex (G4) resolvase, plays crucial roles in a variety of biological processes. We previously showed that DHX36 is highly expressed in male germ cells with the highest level in zygotene spermatocytes. Here, we deleted Dhx36 in advanced germ cells with Stra8-GFPCre and found that a Dhx36 deficiency in the differentiated spermatogonia leads to meiotic defects and abnormal spermiogenesis. These defects in late stages of spermatogenesis arise from dysregulated transcription of G4-harboring genes, which are required for meiosis. Thus, this study reveals that Dhx36 plays crucial roles in late stages of spermatogenesis.

关键词： Dhx36 meiosis guanine-quadruplex(G4) Spo11 synapsis meiotic recombination crossover

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The organization,regulation,and biological functions of the synaptonemal complex

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 580-589页

作者： Feng-Guo Zhang Rui-Rui Zhang Jin-Min Gao Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong ProvinceShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China

The synaptonemal complex(SC)is a meiosis-specific proteinaceous macromolecular structure that assembles between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis in various eukaryotes.The SC has a highly conserved ultrastructure and plays critical roles in controlling multiple steps in meiotic recombination and crossover formation,ensuring accurate meiotic chromosome segregation.Recent studies in different organisms,facilitated by advances in super-resolution microscopy,have provided insights into the macromolecular structure of the SC,including the internal organization of the meiotic chromosome axis and SC central region,the regulatory pathways that control SC assembly and dynamics,and the biological functions exerted by the SC and its substructures.This review summarizes recent discoveries about how the SC is organized and regulated that help to explain the biological functions associated with this meiosis-specific structure.

关键词： chromosome axis chromosome segregation crossover meiosis meiotic recombination reproduction synapsis synaptonemal complex

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Identification and Expression of TOP3αin Gerbera hybrida

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2021年第2期7卷 167-173页

作者： Shenchong Li Ying Cheng Dan Sun Lulin Ma Mingyang Li Fan Li College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental HorticultureFloriculture Research InstituteYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650200China School of Agriculture Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China

meiotic recombination and the resulting novel allele combinations are fundamental to plant breeding and the identification of superior hybrids.However,the rate of meiotic crossovers is naturally suppressed below its potential ability,which prevents plant breeding efficiency.Nine suppressors of meiotic recombination have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis and in other crop species.Mutations in these genes can lead to increased recombination frequency and could therefore potentially be used to create hyper-recombinant lines for ornamental breeding.In Gerbera hybrida,the anti-crossover factors remain elusive.In this study,we isolated and cloned TOP3αfrom flower buds of G.hybrida,and it encoded 935 amino acids with three conserved domains TOPRIM,TOP1Ac and zf-GR.Moreover,TOP3αwas the highest expressed at the flower bud stage,which coincided with the occurrence of meiotic recombination,suggesting that TOP3αis associated with the regulation of meiotic recombination in G.hybrida.

关键词： Gerbera hybrida meiotic recombination TOP3α gene expression ornamental breeding

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Vleiotic recombination and male infertility： from basic science to clinical reality？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 212-218页

作者： Michael Chann Patricio E Lau Helen G Tempest Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami FL 33199 USA

Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain largely elusive. This review will present a summary of our current knowledge on the genetic origin of male infertility and the key events of male meiosis. It focuses on chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination and the problems that arise when errors in these processes occur, specifically meiotic arrest and chromosome aneuploidy, the leading cause of pregnancy loss in humans. In addition, meiosis-specific candidate genes will be discussed, including a discussion on why we have been largely unsuccessful at identifying disease-causing mutations in infertile men. Finally clinical applications of sperm aneuploidy screening will be touched upon along with future prospective clinical tests to better characterize male infertility in a move towards personalized medicine.

关键词： fluorescent in situ hybridization immunofluorescence male infertility meiotic recombination semen parameters synap-tonemal complex

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