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Therapeutic strategies for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: State-of-the-art and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第2期14卷 78-106页

作者： Elettra Merola Andrea Michielan Umberto Rozzanigo Marco Erini Sandro Sferrazza Stefano Marcucci Chiara Sartori Chiara Trentin Giovanni de Pretis Franca Chierichetti Department of Gastroenterology Santa Chiara HospitalAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari(APSS)Trento 38122Italy Department of Radiology Santa Chiara HospitalAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari(APSS)Trento 38122Italy Department of Nuclear Medicine Santa Chiara HospitalAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari(APSS)Trento 38122Italy Department of Surgery Santa Chiara HospitalAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari(APSS)Trento 38122Italy Department of Pathology Santa Chiara HospitalAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari(APSS)Trento 38122Italy Department of medical Oncology Santa Chiara HospitalAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari(APSS)Trento 38122Italy

Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)have always been considered rare tumors,their incidence has risen over the past few *** represent a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms with several prognostic factors,including disease stage,proliferative index(Ki67),and tumor *** of these neoplasms express somatostatin receptors on the cell surface,a feature that has important implications in terms of prognosis,diagnosis,and *** International Guidelines propose algorithms aimed at guiding therapeutic strategies,GEP-NEN patients are still very different from one another,and the need for personalized treatment continues to *** surgery is always the best option when feasible;however,up to 80%of cases are metastatic upon *** medical treatments,as GEP-NENs are characterized by relatively long overall survival,multiple therapy lines are adopted during the lifetime of these patients,but the optimum sequence to be followed has never been clearly ***,although new molecular markers aimed at predicting the response to therapy,as well as prognostic scores,are currently being studied,their application is still far from being part of daily clinical *** they represent a complex disease,with therapeutic protocols that are not completely standardized,GEP-NENs require a multidisciplinary *** review will provide an overview of the available therapeutic options for GEP-NENs and attempts to clarify the possible approaches for the management of these patients and to discuss future perspectives in this field.

关键词： Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms Therapeutic strategies Radical surgery medical treatments Overview Future perspectives

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Human-driven global nutrient imbalances increase risks to health

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Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第4期2卷 246-251页

作者： Josep Penuelas Jordi Sardans CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaCataloniaSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaCataloniaSpain

Human-induced inputs of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)into the biosphere have reached unprecedented levels,particularly N,leading to an escalating global anthropogenic N:P *** ratio has emerged as a significant driver of environmental change,impacting organisms,ecosystems,and global food ***,the implications of this ratio for human health have been largely overlooked and remain *** article aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the potential effects of N:P ratios on both non-infectious and infectious *** data emphasize the importance of investigating the influence of N:P ratios on human health,suggesting a potential role in the rise of non-infectious diseases,such as cancer,as well as the proliferation of infectious diseases,including Zika and *** findings highlight the urgent need for increased attention from the scientific community and policymakers regarding the complex impacts of the human-induced biospheric N:P *** is crucial to investigate and understand the underlying mechanisms and drivers behind these ***,there is significant potential for improving human health through the manipulation of N:P ratios and the availability of N and *** applies not only to medical treatments but also to innovative fertilizer management *** avenues present promising opportunities to address the challenges associated with human health in an ever-changing world.

关键词： Nitrogen Phosphorus N:P ratio Non-infectious diseases Infectious diseases medical treatments

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