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Giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates use broadband calls to communicate with their mothers

Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 277-287页

作者： Lin ZHAO Jianbin CHENG Wen ZENG Bo YANG Guiquan ZHANG Desheng LI Hemin ZHANG Christina DBUESCHING Dingzhen LIU Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyanSichuan611830China Department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada

Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and investment.Neonates of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–infant communications.However,how cubs,0–15 days old,communicate with their mothers to elicit maternal care remains unknown.We analyzed 12 different call parameters of 3475 squawks,1355 squalls,and 491 croaks from 11 captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates from age 0 to 15 days.In playback experiments,we also tested whether mothers could detect ultrasound.Our results show that neonates use broadband calls with ultrasonic frequencies up to 65 kHz to convey information about their physiological needs and to attract maternal care.In playback experiments,we tested if mothers reacted differently to broadband calls(BBC)than to artificially altered calls that included only frequencies20 kHz(USC).Playback confirmed that,although adult females responded significantly less often to USC,BBC than to or AUDC,they could detect USC,BBC and generally made appropriate behavioral responses,indicating a potential benefit for neonates to utilize ultrasonic and broadband frequencies.Our findings provide a new insight into mother–infant communication in giant pandas and will be helpful for reducing the mortality of cubs,younger than 1 month old,in captivity.

关键词： acoustic communication broadband calls maternal care neonates ultrasonic frequencies

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System barriers to the provision of quality maternal health care in two regional teaching and referral hospitals in Kenya:a qualitative study

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Global Health Journal 2023年第4期7卷 200-205页

作者： Domisiano Koome Impwii Lucy Kivuti-Bitok School of Nursing and Public Health Chuka UniversityP.O.Box 109-60400ChukaKenya School of Nursing sciences University of NairobiP.O.BX 30197-00100NairobiKenya

Objective:Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 66%of global maternal deaths.In Kenya,362 maternal deaths occur in every 100000 live births.Most of these deaths occur as a result of suboptimal quality care of mothers during labor,delivery,or within 24h of delivery.This study explored barriers that nurse-midwives encounter in trying to provide high-quality obstetric care during these periods.Methods:A qualitative research design utilizing focus group discussion as part of a mixed method study was used to find out the participants'experiences.Data were collected between February and March 2022 in the maternity units of two regional teaching and referral hospitals in Kenya.Eligible participants were nurse-midwives in charge of the maternity unit.The discussion was conducted in English,tape-recorded,and transcribed verbatim,Data were analyzed thematically,following Braun and Clarke 6-step framework.Nvivo version 7.0 computer software was used to facilitate this process.Results:Two focused group discussions each involving seven participants were conducted.The participants agreed that maternal mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage and pregnancy-induced hypertension is a major health concern.Further,maternal care in the two hospitals was substandard.Themes that emerged as barriers were:inadequate supplies;inadequate obstetric knowledge and skills;shortage of nurse-midwives,and inadequate support supervision.The underlying factors include inadequate funding by the county government and high staff turnover.Conclusion:This study showed that nurse-midwives are working under very difficult circumstances which are hindering the provision of quality maternal care.This is mainly due to system failures and inadequate nursemidwife numbers.Targeted strategies need to be urgently implemented to mitigate these challenges to improve the quality of maternal health care.

关键词： Qualitative Barriers Quality maternal care System Kenya

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Women’s knowledge and preferences for midwife’s role within the range of maternal care professionals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

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Nursing Communications 2023年第5期7卷 1-11页

作者： Malak Yousef Bughdadi Afnan Abdulatif ALbokhary Ministry of Health Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAsshawqiya 8003MakkahSaudi Arabia Faculty of Nursing Department of Midwifery PracticeUmm Al-Qura UniversityAlabdeyah Makkah 24351Saudi Arabia.

Background:The midwife plays a critical role in health counselling and education,not just for women but also for their families and communities.At the current time,with the growth of the midwifery workforce globally,there is still a lack of understanding regarding the full scope and role of the midwife.Aim:To evaluate the current situation of knowledge of midwives’role among women in Makkah.In addition,this study identifies the effect of women’s knowledge on their preferences for receiving maternity care from health professionals.Methods:This study employed a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional method.The total resultant sample size(N)equalled 379 global respondents,of which 306,with a response rate=of 80.73%completed the entire survey as requested.An electronic questionnaire in the Arabic language was used in this study.Results:Results revealed that most women had incorrect knowledge regarding three aspects of the midwives’roles during pregnancy 53.9%,labour 52.8%and childbirth 61.9%.Also,results presented that most women preferred obstetricians to follow up on an uncomplicated pregnancy,labour,childbirth,and maternity care 69.6%,53.9%,64.7%and 46.1%,respectively.The study found that the women’s knowledge about midwives’roles affects their preferences for healthcare professionals in receiving maternity care(Pcare.Therefore,midwifery services and maternity care professionals should prioritize educating women about midwives’competencies in maternity care.

关键词： women knowledge preferences midwife maternal care Makkah Saudi Arabia

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Nurse Mentor Training Program to Improve Quality of maternal and Newborn care at Primary Health Centres: Process Evaluation

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Open Journal of Nursing 2016年第6期6卷 458-469页

作者： Maryann Washington Krishnamurthy Jayanna Swarnarekha Bhat Annamma Thomas Suman Rao Gayathiri Perumal Troy Cunningham Janet Bradley Lisa Avery Elisabeth Fischer Prem K. Mony St. John’s Research Institute St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences (SJNAHS) Bangalore India Karnataka Health Promotion Trust Bangalore India Department of Community Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada St. John’s Research Institute St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences (SJNAHS) Bangalore India St. John’s Medical College Hospital SJNAHS Bangalore India St. John’s College of Nursing SJNAHS Bangalore India Intrahealth Chapel Hill USA

Quality of maternal and newborn care could be improved if health care providers’ knowledge and competencies as well as system level constraints are addressed. However, due to several barriers staff nurses who form the frontline of health care workforce have limited access to enhancing their clinical knowledge and competencies. To address this gap, a new cadre of nurse mentors (NMs) for the public health system were trained by specialists from a teaching hospital in a special 5-week training course. This included 54 hours of theory and 110 hours of practical in clinical obstetric and newborn care, apart from mentoring, quality improvement and health systems issues. The nurse mentors were assigned to support staff nurses in the primary health care centres (PHCs) in eight northern Karnataka districts. Each NM covered 6-8 PHCs monthly for 2 - 3 days and thus a total of 385 PHCs were reached. They received support in the field through supportive supervision visits done by the specialists who had trained them, as well as by refresher training and clinical postings to the district hospitals. This paper presents impact of the training program on change in immediate and long term knowledge and competency scores of nurse mentors. Their baseline knowledge scores changed from 44.3 ± 12.7 to 72.1 ± 13.8 immediately after the training in obstetric and from 18.2 ± 19.1 to 66.4 ± 14.9 in newborn (p p p > 0.05). Skills score soon after training increased from 62.2 ± 13.2 to 69.6 ± 12.5 in obstetric after a 1 year period and from 52.6 ± 9.3;63.5 ± 14.4 in newborn (p maternal and child care through nurse-dependent health delivery systems.

关键词： Nurse Mentors Skilled Birth Attendance Training Program Basic Newborn care maternal care Primary Health Centers Quality Improvement India

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Cuticular compounds inhibit cannibalism of early-instar spiderlings by pulli-carrying Pardosa pseudoannulata females

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1461-1469页

作者： Na Yu Yunru Chen Guangming Xu Zhiming Yang Shijie Wang Tianyu Lu Yixi Zhang Zewen Liu Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests(Ministry of Education) College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina

Cannibalism is common in spiders.Wolf spider(Lycosidae)females,which exhibit extensive maternal care,have been reported to cannibalize less when they are carrying egg sacs and juveniles.In a laboratory experiment,we demonstrated that cannibalism of early-instar spiderlings(EIS)by a wolf spider(Pardosa pseudoannulata)mother was almost completely inhibited when she was carrying spiderlings.Compared with virgin and mated-females,mother spiders tolerated more and predated fewer spiderlings,including gregarious pulli and newly dispersed spiderlings(NDS).Cannibalism of EIS by females during their reproductive period exhibited a V-shaped pattern,with a gradual decrease from the egg sac-carrying to pulli-carrying(PC)stage,and a recovery from the PC stage to post-reproductive(PR)stage.Notably,there was 0 cannibalism at the PC stage.PC females exhibited no interest in pulli,while PR females were attracted to and predated pulli and NDS as they did their natural prey,Nilaparvata lugens.Interestingly,PC females captured and released NDS in a foraging assay,although attraction was observed from olfactometer measurements.PC mothers possessed a cuticular volatile profile that was closer to that of pulli and NDS than to that of PR females.Moreover,NDS cuticular extract provoked an electrophysiological response in legs of PC females.Therefore,cuticular compound-mediated chemical communication may be involved in inhibiting cannibalism of EIS by spider mothers,and especially in eliminating cannibalism by PC mothers.Future studies will aim to characterize the specific cuticular compounds and chemoreception mechanism in females,which will facilitate our understanding of intraspecific recognition and cannibalism in spiders.

关键词： behavior cannibalism cuticular compound Lycosidae maternal care Pardosa pseudoannulata

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DNA Methylation,Behavior and Early Life Adversity

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2013年第7期40卷 331-338页

作者： Moshe Szyf Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University3655 Sir William Osler PromenadeMontrealQuebec H3G 1Y6Canada

The impact of early physical and social environments on life-long phenotypes is well known. Moreover, we have documented evidence for gene-environment interactions where identical gene variants are associated with different phenotypes that are dependent on early life adversity. What are the mechanisms that embed these early life experiences in the genome？ DNA methylation is an enzymatically- catalyzed modification of DNA that serves as a mechanism by which similar sequences acquire cell type identity during cellular differentiation and embryogenesis in the same individual. The hypothesis that will be discussed here proposes that the same mechanism confers environmental-exposure specific identity upon DNA providing a mechanism for embedding environmental experiences in the genome, thus affecting long-term phenotypes. Particularly important is the environment early in life including both the prenatal and postnatal social environments.

关键词： DNA methylation Epigenetics Demethylase Stress Glucocorticoids maternal care Early life adversity Socioeconomic status

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Only mothers feed mature offspring in European Ceratina bees

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Insect Science 2021年第5期28卷 1468-1481页

作者： Michael Mikat Jitka Waldhauserova Tereza Frankova Katerina Cermakova Vojtech Broz Simon Zeman Marcela Dokulilova Jakub Straka Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Jihlava Grammar School JihlavaCzech Republic Department of Ecology Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic

Parental care directed to adult offspring is uncommon in animals.Such parental care has been documented in Xylocopinae bees(Hymenoptera:Apidae).Moreover,some Ceratina bees(Xylocopinae)are known to feed mature siblings,and feeding of mature siblings is achieved by dwarf eldest daughters when mothers died.These daughters are intentionally malnourished by mothers and usually originate from the first brood cell.Here,we examined the pattern of care prov ided to young adults in three small European carpenter bees:Ceratina(Ceratina)cucurbitina,C.(Euceratina)chalybea,and C.(E.)nigrolabiata.Observations of nest departures and arrivals were performed to study foraging behavior.We detected intensive foraging behavior of mothers in all three studied species.However,we did not observe regular foraging bchavior of daughters in any species.The experimental removal of mothers in C.cucurbitina led to the emigration of young adults and did not initiate foraging activity in daughters.We conclude that the feeding of siblings does not occur in these species unlike in the American species C.calcarata.We detected female-biased sex ratios in the first brood cell in C.cucurbitina and C.chalybea.Female offspring in the first brood cell was smaller than other female offspring only in C.cucurbitina.Our results show that a female-biased sex ratio and the small size of daughters in the first brood cell do not provide sufficient ev idence for demonstrating the existence of an altruistic daughter and also that the pattern of maternal investment is not exclusively shaped by social interactions.

关键词： foraging trip Hymenoptera maternal care provisioning sociality Xylocopinae

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利用网络优化方法划分生育服务的层级型医疗服务区——以湖北省为例

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第12期32卷 2577-2598页

作者：陶卓霖程杨白灵瑶冯玲王少帅 Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Improving maternal health is one of the Sustainable Development Goals.Hospital service areas(HSAs),which contain most hospitalization behaviors at the local scale,are crucial for health care planning.However,little attention has been given to HSAs for maternal care and the hierarchy structure.Considering Hubei,central China,as a case study,this study aims to fill these gaps by developing a method for delineating hierarchical HSAs for maternal care using a network optimization approach.The approach is driven by actual patient flow data and has an explicit objective to maximize the modularity.It also establishes the hierarchical structure of maternal care HSAs,which is fundamental for the planning of hierarchical maternal care and referral systems.In our case study,45 secondary HSAs and 22tertiary HSAs are delineated to achieve maximal modularity.The HSAs perform well in terms of indices such as the Localization Index and Market Share Index.Furthermore,there is a complementary relationship between secondary and tertiary hospitals,which suggests the need for referral system planning.This study can provide evidence for the validity of the HSA and the planning of maternal care HSAs in China.It also provides transferable methods for planning hierarchical HSAs in other developing countries.

关键词： hospital service areas hierarchical structure network optimization modularity maternal care

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Situational Analysis of Access to Essential Healthcare Services in Nigeria: Implication for Trans-Sectorial Policy Considerations in Addressing Health Inequities

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Health 2022年第5期14卷 553-575页

作者： Sunday Atobatele Oluomachukwu Omeje Oluwafisayo Ayodeji Faith Oisagbai Sidney Sampson Sydani Group Abuja Nigeria

Background: Socioeconomic factors influence health outcomes and the distribution of health resources within and between countries globally. In Nigeria, there are various socio-economic factors that have been reported to be responsible for health inequities across the different geopolitical zones. Objective: To assess health inequities in relation to socio-economic factors that affect access to essential health care services in Nigeria, using family planning, maternal care, and childcare as indicators. Method: The study involved a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and a literature review of transdisciplinary approaches to addressing health inequities. Result: The overall result from the findings suggests a strong influence of geographical and socioeconomic factors in the distribution of healthcare services. Specifically, family planning services were more readily available and accessible in the Southern zones of Nigeria than in the Northern zone of Nigeria, which could be attributed to socio-cultural, religious, and access-related barriers. Results also showed that access to most maternal and child health care services was often skewed towards the southern zones, which could be due to the presence of more healthcare workers who provide these services coupled with higher access to maternal care, hence a higher uptake and utilization of maternal care services. Also, children in the northern zones had lesser odds of receiving basic and age-appropriate vaccination than those in other regions, which could be attributed to the supply-side disparities that exist between the northern and southern regions. Conclusion: This study concludes that level of educational attainment, wealth quintiles, as well as financial barriers, are the major socio-economic factors that influence access to maternal and childcare services.

关键词： Health Inequities Socio-Economic Factors Family Planning maternal care Childcare

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Patient Safety,Adverse Healthcare Events and Near-Misses in Obstetric care—A Systematic Literature Review

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第12期5卷 1110-1122页

作者： Elisabeth Severinsson Megumi Haruna Maria Ronnerhag Ingela Berggren Centre for Women’s Family and Child HealthFaculty of Health SciencesBuskerud&Vestfold University CollegeKongsbergNorway Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health Division of Health Sciences&NursingGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan Department of Health Sciences University WestTrollhattanSweden

Systematic development of a patient safety culture is necessary because lack of quality care leads to human suffering. The aim of this review was to identify evidence of obstetric adverse events (AEs) and near-misses in the context of patient safety. We conducted a search of the published literature from Europe, Australia and the USA in the following databases: Cinahl, Cochrane, Maternity and Infant care, Ovid, Pro-quest and PubMed, guided by PRISMA procedures. A total of 427 studies were screened, 15 full papers retrieved and nine studies included in the final thematic analysis. The selected papers address a broad spectrum of adverse patient safety events in obstetric care. The themes that emerged were: type of AEs, near-misses and their consequences, strategies to support and improve Patient Safety (PS) and domains related to the WHO Patient Safety competence outcomes. The findings of the first theme were grouped into the following categories: healthcare professionals’ perspectives on ethical conflicts, attributing blame and responsibility, and patients’ perspectives on lack of trust and involvement, as well as medication errors. The second theme, strategies to support interventions to improve PS, was based on two sub-themes: communicating effectively and gaining competence by learning from adverse events, while the third theme was domains related to the WHO Patient Safety competence outcomes. In conclusion, few studies have examined strategies for managing AEs despite the existence of programmes that target the implementation of changes, such as improved teamwork training. In addition to exploring strategies to make safety a priority for patients and healthcare professionals, it is of the utmost importance to improve communication with patients and between professionals in order to maintain and enhance safety. Efforts by organizations and individuals to continuously develop knowledge about the risk of AEs and the use of best practice guidelines are also essential.

关键词： maternal care Adverse Obstetric Healthcare Events Patient Safety Near-Misses

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