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The Transmission of Household Objects from the National Socialist Era to the Present in Germany and Austria： A Local Conversation Within a Globalized Discourse

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2016年第2期9卷 229-252页

作者： Chloe Paver College of Humanities University of Exeter Queen's Building The Queen's DriveExeter EX4 4QH UK

Increasingly, scholars of Holocaust memory stress its globalization： the ways in which the Holocaust has become a model or reference point for remembered events that belong to quite different historical and cultural contexts. The best of this literature acknowledges the ways in which the local, national, and global are in continual dialogue. This article looks at an instance in which memory remains stubbornly local and national even in contexts in which it is ostensibly internationalized. The article is concerned with history exhibitions about the Nazi era in Germany and Austria and examines one particular set of museum objects： household possessions that have been stored in homes since 1945 and that are typically presented by the museum as having ＂resurfaced＂ in the present. These objects are used to concretize abstract processes of remembering and forgetting, communication and silence, in the years from 1945 to the end of the twentieth century. As such, they form part of ongoing debates about how family memory operated during that period in Germany and Austria.

关键词： Germany, Austria History museums National Socialism Nazis Holocaust Cultural memory Jewish history material culture Transmission Heritage Aryanization Jewish refugees History of Shanghai

I Will Not Forget the Land Where I Was Born——The Educational Legacy of Oliveira Lopes Brothers

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History Research 2016年第4期6卷 180-191页

作者： ClAudia Pinto Ribeiro Luis Alberto Alves University of Oporto Portugal

The tendency to participate with solidarity in the religious and assistance initiatives is a trademark of the Portuguese who returned from Brazil. The major novelty in the second half of the nineteenth century is the conduction of large sums of money towards education, in a framework of philanthropy that was unusual. This inclusion of education in the field of charity was in the concerns of politicians and intellectuals of the time who argued that ＂only by educating people, nations can achieve its independence, wealth and freedom （...）＂. Inserted in this context we can find examples that deserve, by their paradigmatic profile, a more detailed attention. After making fortune, Oliveira Lopes and his brother tried to solve problems that seemed without solution in their homeland. This example assumes a synthetizing nature for several reasons. Firstly, because it portraits the typical Brazilian of the end of the nineteenth century that saw education as a fundamental tool to approach Portugal to the international standards. Secondly, because with the well-being of his fellow countrymen and the ＂notoriety of his hometown＂ he can diminish the pain of the ＂abandonment in search of wealth＂. Thirdly, because his return introduced a new sense and a new rhythm in searching solutions for eternal problems in the field of religion, assistance or education. Finally because, even though they are the minority of Brazilians that achieved fortune, they put their wealth in the service of the country that made them leave in order to try to stop the flux of emigrants.

关键词： school museum history of education material culture

When the Butter Got Done： The Resilience of Indigenous Design Processes During Dictatorial Regime in Uganda Between 1971-1978 and Their Continued Use in Kiruhura District in S.W. Uganda

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2015年第10期5卷 544-553页

作者： Emmanuel Mutungi Kyambogo University Kampala Uganda

Although African continent and Uganda in particular experienced the influence of the western economies which came with exploration, missionary work, and colonialism, and which put the indigenous design creativity to sleep, communities have continued to show resilience in utilizing indigenous design processes whenever there is a shift in the cosmetic African-West relationship. This paper describes and assesses how indigenous processes become fundamental and sustained a fragile economy of Uganda after the military takeover of government by Idi Amin in 1971. It looks at how Ugandan artisans employed their long forgotten skills in designing processes that allowed communities to function. For example artisans made spare parts for the abandoned factories, made soap, and processed salt for consumption. The paper takes a pro-vocal approach and traces how this worked, how it is still working even when the country is presumably peaceful with the majority of the population engaged in agriculture production. The author carried out an ethnographic study on 90 participants in Kiruhura district in S.W. Uganda to establish how families integrate indigenous design processes in their daily activities. The author investigated why families continue to use indigenous material cultural items such as carvings, pottery, baskets, and iron work yet government policy emphases commercial agriculture. Results indicate that most families still use indigenous design processes in agriculture, housing, and treatment because of the superficial and unstructured ability by most families to use western made technologies, and that many of them do not have the necessary resources to acquire the modern technology. Results further indicate that families have a special attachment to indigenous materials which gives them an identity and ownership and that some items work better than the Western designed products. The paper concludes that those indigenous design processes are fundamentally good opportunities

关键词： resilience of indigenous designs dictatorial regime material culture Kiruhura district

Observe Chinese culture from Chinese Idioms

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International English Education Research 2015年第11期 42-44页

作者： Linying He Junhong Ma Yanmin Wang Xingtai University Xingtai Hebei China 054001

Chinese idioms are the essence of the Chinese language, the crystallization of human wisdom and the important cartier of national culture. Through the structure, content and meaning of Chinese idioms, we can see various forms of the history and culture of the Han nationality. Observe national culture through the structure, content, meaning of Chinese idioms, namely the phenomenon of the linguistic phenomenon and culture phenomenon, we focus on elaborating Chinese idioms and cultural relationship between a Chinese idiom and Chinese culture.

关键词： Chinese Idioms National Traditional culture Idiom Structure Idioms Content material culture Spiritual culture

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物质文化理论中物的四重视域

文化研究 2021年第5期

作者：张进王眉钧

人工制品是物质文化研究的关键问题。物质文化理论中的人工制品研究有四重视域：一是沿袭马克思主义经典路径，在生产环节中来考察作为商品的人工制品所导致的人的异化、商品化及物化后果；二是在人工制品客观化的过程中，盘诘体现主、... 详细信息

人工制品是物质文化研究的关键问题。物质文化理论中的人工制品研究有四重视域：一是沿袭马克思主义经典路径，在生产环节中来考察作为商品的人工制品所导致的人的异化、商品化及物化后果；二是在人工制品客观化的过程中，盘诘体现主、客体关系的消费以及在拜物教化过程中通过人工制品所建构日常生活之方式；三是在主、客体杂合关系的立场上，以“事实拜物教”来反思物的界定方式；四是在混融的背景下利用人工制品呈现的新特点来关联具有主体间性的人与物间的关系，考察其如何以“栖居视角”进行对物质文化的反思，通过呈现出人工制品的物质史，来弥合人工制品物质性的争论。以人工制品为基点，通过回溯物质文化理论中人工制品的观念变化过程并分析所遭遇的问题，突破建立在主客二分的人、物关系局面，让物质文化研究的核心落脚在人与人、人与物、物与物混融的物质文化实践上。

关键词：人工制品物质文化物质性四重视域 artifacts material culture materiality four perspectives

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制度可供性与消费欲望

社会学评论 2023年第1期

作者：史骥

汽车化理论体现了一种结构与文化的互动关系，预示了不同制度结构与意识形态下会产生不同的汽车化模式。本文提出“汽车化制度可供性”与“汽车消费欲望”两个分析变量，以此分析中国改革开放前汽车化模式的独特性。改革开放前，中国落... 详细信息

汽车化理论体现了一种结构与文化的互动关系，预示了不同制度结构与意识形态下会产生不同的汽车化模式。本文提出“汽车化制度可供性”与“汽车消费欲望”两个分析变量，以此分析中国改革开放前汽车化模式的独特性。改革开放前，中国落后的汽车生产体系、抑制消费的制度安排、限制流动性的社会结构与非商品化的汽车所有权模式，结构化了“低汽车化制度可供性”，汽车被置于特殊化结构中，成为一种“神圣化”的物品。以“汽车职务性地位象征”为内核的文化机制赋予了人们“低汽车消费欲望”的集体认知秩序，形塑了改革开放前中国独特的汽车化模式。

关键词：汽车化物质文化汽车文化制度可供性消费欲望 automobility material culture car culture regime affordances consumption desires

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伊万里瓷器与东亚海域