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Numerical Simulation of the mass movement Process of the 2018 Sedongpu Glacial Debris Flow by Using the Fluid-Solid Coupling Method

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 583-596页

作者： Xing-Yu Long Yu-Xiang Hu Bin-Rui Gan Jia-Wen Zhou State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

In the context of global warming and intensified human activities,glacier instability in plateau regions has increased,and glacier debris flows have become active,which poses a significant threat to the lives and property of people and socioeconomic *** mass movement process of glacier debris flows is extremely complex,so this paper uses the 2018 Sedongpu glacier debris flow event on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example and applies a numerical simulation method to invert the whole process of mass *** view of the interaction between phases in the process of motion,we use the fluid-solid coupling method to describe the mass *** granular-flow model and drift-flux model are employed in FLOW3D software to study the mass movement process of glacier debris flows and explore their dynamic *** results indicate that the glacier debris flow lasted for 700 s,and the movement process was roughly divided into four stages,including initiation,scraping,surging and deposition;the depositional characteristics calculated by the fluid-solid coupling model are consistent with the actual survey results and have good reliability;strong erosion occurs during the mass movement,the clear volume amplification effect,and the first wave climbs 17.8 m across the *** fluid-solid coupling method can better simulate glacier debris flows in plateau regions,which is helpful for the study of the mechanism and dynamic characteristics of such disasters.

关键词： glacial debris flow Qinghai-Tibet Plateau fluid-solid coupling FLOW3D mass movement depositional characteristics disasters engineering geology

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mass movement IN THE GREAT WALL STATION AREA, ANTARCTICA

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 1992年第2期3卷 28-31页

作者： Zlm Cheng and Cui ZhijiuDepartment of Geography, Peking University, Beijing 100871

This paper deals with the mass movement processes on the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island. Based on numerous field investigation, the authors consider that the slope mass movement and periglacial form on the peninsula have an internal relationship in genesis, reflecting in there main aspects. 1, All patterns of mass movement are developed on the slope surface; 2, different -order mass movement and periglacial type show their space-time distribution rules (their development stages); 3, The slope mass movement are developed from the periglacio - geomorphic processes. More detailed works have been done, such as fixed reapeated surveying whose results are concord and with the typical characteristics above mentimed very well.

关键词： mass movement Great Wall Station Antarctica.

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mass movements in small canyons in the northeast of Baiyun deepwater area, north of the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第8期34卷 35-42页

作者： LI Xishuang LIU Lejun LI Jiagang GAO Shan ZHOU Qingjie SU Tianyun The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Research Center of China National Offshore Oil Corporation

The process of mass movements and their consequent turbidity currents in large submarine canyons has been widely reported, however, little attention was paid to that in small canyons. In this paper, we document mass movements in small submarine canyons in the northeast of Baiyun deepwater area, north of the South China Sea （SCS）, and their strong effects on the evolution of the canyons based on geophysical data. Submarine canyons in the study area arrange closely below the shelf break zone which was at the depth of -500 m. Within submarine canyons, seabed surface was covered with amounts of failure scars resulted from past small-sized landslides. A complex process of mass transportation in the canyons is indicated by three directions of mass movements. Recent mass movement deposits in the canyons exhibit translucent reflections or parallel reflections which represent the brittle deformation and the plastic deformation, respectively. The area of most landslides in the canyons is less than 3 km2. The trigger mechanisms for mass movements in the study area are gravitational overloading, slope angle and weak properties of soil. Geophysical data indicate that the genesis of submarine canyons is the erosion of mass movements and consequent turbidity currents. The significant effects of mass movements on canyon are incision and sediment transportation at the erosion phases and fillings supply at the fill phases. This research will be helpful for the geological risk assessments and understanding the sediment transportation in the northern margin of the SCS.

关键词： mass movement geophysical data trigger mechanism submarine canyon north of the South China Sea

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Frequency Ratio Analysis of mass movements in the Xiangxi Catchment, Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 824-834页

作者： Dominik Ehret Joachim Rohn Christian Dumperth Susan Eckstein Stefanie Ernstberger Karel Otte René Rudolph Johannes Wiedenmann 项伟毕仁能 Department of Applied Geology University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences

In 2003, the Three Gorges Project （TGP, China）, currently the world＇s largest hydroelectric power plant by total capacity, went into operation. Due to large-scale impoundment of the Yangtze River and its tributaries and also due to resettlement, extensive environmental impacts like land use change and increase of geohazards are associated with the TGP. Within the Yangtze Project, we investigate these effects for the Xiangxi （香溪） catchment which is part of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility for mass movement within the Xiangxi River backwater area using geographic information system （GIS）. We used existing mass movements and the conditioning factors （geology, elevation, slope, curvature, land use, and land use change） for analyzing mass movement susceptibility. mass movements and geology were mapped in the field to establish a mass movement inventory and a geological map. Land use and digital elevation model （DEM） were obtained from remote-sensing data. We determined the relation between mass movements and the conditioning factors by using the frequency ratio method and found strong relation between mass movements and both natural and human-influenced conditioning factors.

关键词： mass movement susceptibility GIS frequency ratio Xiangxi catchment Three Gorges Reservoir.

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Spatial Variability of mass movements in the Satluj Valley,Himachal Pradesh during 1990～2006

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第1期5卷 38-51页

作者： Vikram GUPTA M.P.SAH Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Dehra Dun-24 8 001 (Uttarakhand)

Satluj Valley is known to have a history of landslides and related mass movement activities since the geological times. Geological and geomorphological settings combined with anthropogenic activities constitute a propensity towards slope failure. During the last two decades,the area witnessed substantial increase in athropogenic pressure,mainly due to the exploitation of hydropower potential,changing landuse pattern and population growth. In addition,a shift of the climatic patterns in the form of larger area falling under the influence of rains was observed. These natural as well as anthropogenic changes in the area have resulted in increased spatial coverage of landslide in the area. This paper documents these changes during 1990～2006.

关键词： Landslides mass movement Satluj Valley Himachal Pradesh India

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Lithological and Structural Control of Hattian Bala Rock Avalanche Triggered by the Kashmir Earthquake 2005, Sub-Himalayas, Northern Pakistan

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第2期23卷 213-224页

作者： Muhammad Basharat Joachim Rohn Dominik Ehret Mirza Shahid Baig GeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

The Kashmir earthquake 2005 （magnitude MW 7.6） triggered thousands of mass move-ments in northern Pakistan. These mass movements were mainly rock falls, debris falls, rockslides and rock avalanches. The mass movements vary in size from a few hundred cubic meters up to about 100 million cubic meters estimated for the Hattian Bala rock avalanche, the biggest one associated with this earthquake. This mass movement, which moved in southeastern direction, created two natural dams on the valley bottom and blocked the water ways of the Karli and Tung tributaries of the Jhelum River. Topographic, lithologic and structural information were used to investigate the Hattian Bala rock ava-lanche. Geotechnical and structural maps were prepared to understand relationship between geology and structure of Hattian Bala rock avalanche. The geometry and failure mode of this rock avalanche are controlled by southeast plunging synclinal structures, lithology, a bedding parallel slip surface and a pre-existing old rockslide. The structural map shows that the mass movement failure was due to Danna and Dandbeh synclinal structures plunging southeast on the hanging wall block of the reacti-vated Muzaffarabad fault. The slip surface of the mass movement followed the bedding planes along mudstone, claystone and sandstone surfaces. The mass movement perfectly followed the pre-existing synclinal morphology of the Danna and Dandbeh synclines.

关键词： Kashmir earthquake 2005 mass movement rock avalanche Muzaffarabad fault northern Pakistan.

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Gully internal erosion triggered by a prolonged heavy rainfall event in the tableland region of China's Loess Plateau

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 610-621页

作者： Jiaxi Wang Yan Zhang Kunheng Li Ziqing Zhang Chang Chen College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083China Forest Ecosystem Studies National Observation and Research StationJixianShanxi 042200China

Gully erosion is a severe form of soil erosion,but gully internal erosion processes are poorly understood,especially at the event *** investigate gully internal erosion intensity and understand the related gully development mechanism in an agricultural environment with gully head stabilization and vege-tation restoration efforts,two successive field investigations were carried out just before and after a prolonged rainfall event in 2021 in the tableland region of China's Loess *** gullies were investigated and all experienced gully internal erosion,while most gully boundaries were stable during the heavy rainfall event based on the comparison of the UAV digital orthograph maps(DOMs acquired with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)before and after the rainfall *** proportion of gully internal erosion area to gully internal area of the 13 investigated gullies ranged from 3 to 55%,with average areal erosion proportion of the gully sidewall and gully bed of 21%and 36%,*** erosion area of subdrainage units(SDUs)on the gully sidewall was positively correlated to the SDU area,average SDU slope gradient and vegetation type,while the erosion area on the gully bed was positively correlated to the gully area,gully depth and gully bed slope *** internal erosion was not significantly correlated with gully drainage area because the connectivity between the upslope and gully areas was interrupted and the effective drainage area of the gully was obviously reduced by soil erosion conser-vation measures,including terraces on the upslope drainage area,shrub belts,and water ***,gully internal erosion is still active under the heavy rainfall storm against the background of the'Grain for Green'and'Gully Stabilization and Tableland Protection'programs,and integrated measures for preventing both gully expansion and gully internal erosion must be further enhanced in the context of climate change.

关键词： Gully erosion mass movement Heavy storm Loess Soil andwater conservation measures

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Characteristics of the seismic source stress field in the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An(ninghe faults

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第5期13卷 491-498页

作者：许忠淮龙思胜赵珠 1. Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province 610041 Chengdu China

Twenty-two earthquakes (ML=2.2-3.7) in the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An'ninghe faults are studied in this paper. The source mechanism solutions of these events are obtained using P-wave first motion method, and the characteristics of the source stress field and rupture in the joint region are summarized preliminarily with some results of other researchers. Being strongly extruded by the approximately horizontal regional stress with the direction from north-west to south-east and the effect of the complex tectonics in the region, the source stress field has complex and variable characteristics. The earthquakes mainly show normal or strike-slip faults in Yajiang, North-triangle and west of Chengdu-block areas, indicating that the vertical forces have been playing an important role in the source stress fields, while the earthquakes mainly show reverse or strike-slip faults in Baoxing-Tianquan area, with the horizontal components of the principal pressure stress axes identical to the south-west direction to which the shallow mass is moving. We think that the manifold combinations of earthquake faults are the micro-mechanism based upon which the large regional shallow crust mass has been moving continually.

关键词： source mechanism solution source stress field earthquake fault mass movement

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Risk assessment and landslide prevention design using numerical modelling——A case study in Qingliu,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第4期20卷 943-961页

作者： LI Cong-jiang HU Yu-xiang JIANG Nan LI Hai-bo ZHOU Jia-wen State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Numerous Quaternary deposits are existed in the mountainous areas of Southwest China,especially in the transition zone between the QinghaiTibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,where strong tectonic movements and frequent climatic changes increase the potential *** possible deformation and failure process of potential landslides and their impacts on the surrounding environment are important research *** investigation and monitoring indicate that the Qingliu landslide in Xiameng town,Li County,Sichuan Province,China has been continuously deforming since August *** deformation zone has a maximum deformation depth of approximately 18.9m,a total area of 54,628 m2,and a volume of 34.0×104 m3,which seriously threatens infrastructure projects and *** a result,understanding the Qingliu landslide evolution process,assessing the hazard risk,and planning disaster prevention measures are of great significance for reducing disaster *** this study,the mass movement process and hazard risk of the Qingliu landslide are evaluated,and the effects of different prevention measures are compared and *** using the depth-integrated method,the mass movement of the Qingliu landslide is *** numerical simulation results indicate that the maximum velocity of the Qingliu landslide is approximately 37.5 m/s,and the duration of the landslide is approximately *** simulated landslide can eventually form a deposited mass with a maximum deposit thickness of 19.4 m and an area of approximately 60,168.3 m2,thereby blocking the river and burying ***,a risk assessment of the Qingliu landslide under different forms of protection measures is also produced and discussed by considering the hazard level and economic vulnerability level of the affected *** three layers of anti-slide piles on the deformation zone to reduce the hazard risk of the Qingliu landslide is a better *** results may be useful for planning preventio

关键词： Qingliu landslide Numerical simulation mass movement Risk assessment Prevention measures

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农村供销合作社：从群众运动转向市场引导的理论探索

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毛泽东思想 2009年第5期

作者：谭献民黄新宇

古代和近代中国的社会性质和主要矛盾，致使个体农业生产力的发展水平相当低。它与封建地主阶级土地所有制之间、与个体农民保守落后的思想意识和简陋的生产工具之间构成矛盾的两个层次。而农民阶级又是反帝反封建的革命主力军和生力军... 详细信息

古代和近代中国的社会性质和主要矛盾，致使个体农业生产力的发展水平相当低。它与封建地主阶级土地所有制之间、与个体农民保守落后的思想意识和简陋的生产工具之间构成矛盾的两个层次。而农民阶级又是反帝反封建的革命主力军和生力军，从而使矛盾的解决错综复杂。革命战争年代是通过群众运动以土地革命的方式来解决矛盾的第一个层次的。刘少奇于1948年初写的有关合作社的系列手稿提出：必须依靠农村供销合作社以新民主主义的市场引导来解决后一个层次的矛盾，成为从群众运动转向市场引导的理论创新。

关键词：农业生产力群众运动农村供销合作社市场引导 agricultural productivity mass movement rural supply and marketing cooperatives market leading

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