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Urban market-gardening in Parakou (Republic of Benin): Spatial Dynamics, Food Security, Protection of the Environment and Creation of Employments

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第5期3卷 93-103页

作者： Abdoul-Ramane Abdoulaye Aboudou Yacoubou Mama Aboudou Ramanou Département de Géographie et Aménagement du Territoire Faculté des Lettres Arts et Sciences Humaines Université de Parakou Parakou République du Bénin

Nowadays, African cities are subjected to upsets which result from the extraordinary growth of urban populations. The growth of the population of cities has induced some changes in the structure of the activity of those cities. Agriculture which was formerly confined to the countryside henceforth develops in the urban area and occupies a preponderant place as a strategy of survival, of insertion and of food supplying of the city-dwellers. It has become an activity integrated to the urban tissue through systems of occupying and exploitation of land in the urban area. Population growth (4.81%) between 2002 and 2013 is a critical poverty rate (65%) of the population of Parakou city, entailing a misery perceptible in all its social and economic dimensions. The market-gardening activity has integrated itself to the urban tissue. The objective of this study is to understand how urban agriculture through market-gardening can be a solution for rural farmers who have moved to Parakou city. In this study, documentary research, interviews and field observation are used for data collection. The main results to be signaled among others are: evolution and status of the market-gardening areas in Parakou, the reduction of food insecurity with the permanent availability in quantity and in quality of market-gardening products accessible to the population: the protection of the environment through the drainage of the urban area and the preservation of the diversity of vegetables;the increase of the income of the households of the farmers and the creation of employments.

关键词： Urban Agriculture Food Security market-gardening Channel Land Dynamics Protection of the Environment Employment Parakou

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Evaluation of Health and Environmental Risks of Pesticide Products Used in market-gardening in the City of Ngaoundere (Cameroon)

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2017年第4期6卷 186-198页

作者： Thomas Assokeng Joseph Marie Siéliéchi Guy Bertrand Noumi Department of Applied Chemistry National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The aim of this survey?was to identify the active ingredients of phytosanitary products generally used in the market-gardening, to evaluate the behavior of market gardeners, environmental and sanitary risks link to the use of phytosanitary products. Results revealed that 8 actives ingredients are regularly used: paraquat, atrazine, glyphosate, chlorpyrifos-éthyl, cypermethrin, maneb, mancozeb and diuron. The contamination of running water and rivers is caused by the fact that 81.25% of them are washing their pulverization equipments in these last ones. Moreover, 72.90% release empty packages of pesticides in the farm which will be carried away by running water. 59.09% adopt the overdose strategy in case of insufficient treatment. The inadequate equipment of protection and the consumption of surrounding water by 51.10% represent a danger for the health of market gardeners. Thus, headache and stomachache are the most recorded intoxications.

关键词： Phytosanitary Products market-gardening Active Ingredients Sanitary and Environmentally

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