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Typhoon-and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop Sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia Rafael P.Fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lopez Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET) Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment Research Institute Shandong University Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenipra Research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB)

Tropospheric reactive bromine is important for atmospheric chemistry,regional air pollution,and global *** studies have reported measurements of atmospheric reactive bromine species in different environments,and proposed their main sources,***-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,polar snow/ice,and *** and other strong cyclonic activities（***） induce abrupt changes in different earth system processes,causing widespread destructive ***,the role of typhoons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains ***,we report field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July *** observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 pptv and a peak value of ～26 pptv under the influence of a *** field measurements,supported by model simulations,suggest that the typhoon-induced drastic increase in wind speed amplifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA *** also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（ppbv level） suggesting a potential pollution-induced mechanism of bromine release from *** elevated levels of atmospheric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China *** the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisphere,reactive bromine chemistry is expected to play a more important role than previously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmospheric oxidation *** suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typhoon-and pollution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmospheric chemistry marine boundary layer atmospheric oxidation capacity marine emission

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MAX-DOAS observation in the midlatitude marine boundary layer: Influences of typhoon forced air mass

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第10期34卷 63-73页

作者： Ruifeng Zhang Shanshan Wang Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Bin Zhou Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) No.20 Cuiniao RoadShanghai 202162China Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute Zhuhai 519000China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

As a passive remote sensing technique,MAX-DOAS method was widely used to investigate the vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gases in the lower ***,the measurements for midlatitude marine boundary layer are rarely reported,especially during the storm weather *** this study,the MAX-DOAS was used to retrieve the aerosol,HCHO and NO_(2) vertical distribution at Huaniao Island of East China Sea in summer 2018,during which a strong tropical cyclone developed and passed through the measurement *** observed aerosol optical depth(AOD),HCHO-and NO_(2)-VCDs(Vertical Column Density)were in the range of 0.19-0.97,(2.57-12.27)×10^(15) molec/cm^(2),(1.24-4.71)×10^(15) molec/cm^(2),which is much higher than remote ocean area due to the short distance to *** vertically resolved aerosol extinction coefficient(AEC),HCHO and NO_(2) presented the decline trend with the increase of *** the typhoon passing through,the distribution of high levels of aerosol and HCHO stretched to about 1 kmand the abundances of the bottom layer were found as double higher than before,reaching 0.51 km^(−1) and 2.44 ppbv,while NO_(2) was still constrained within about 300 m with 2.59 ppbv in the bottom *** impacts of typhoon process forced air mass were also observed at the suburban site in Shanghai in view of both the aerosol extinction and chemical *** different changes on air quality associated with typhoon and its mechanism in two different environments:coastal island and coastal city are worthy of further investigation as it frequent occurred in East Asia during summer and fall.

关键词： MAX-DOAS Aerosol optical depth Aerosol extinction coefficient marine boundary layer Typhoon

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Atmospheric mercury over the marine boundary layer observed during the third China Arctic Research Expedition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第9期23卷 1424-1430页

作者： Hui Kang Zhouqing Xie Institute of Polar Environment University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

TGM measurements on board ships have proved to provide valuable complementary information to measurements by a ground based monitoring *** the third China Arctic Research Expedition （from July 11 to September 24,2008）,TGM concentrations over the marine boundary layer along the cruise path were in-situ measured using an automatic mercury vapor *** we firstly reported the results in Japan Sea,North Western Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea,where there are rare *** value ranged between 0.30 and 6.02 ng/m 3 with an average of （1.52 ± 0.68） ng/m 3 ,being slightly lower than the background value of Northern Hemisphere （1.7 ng/m 3 ）.Notably TGM showed considerably spatial and temporal ***,the average value of TGM in Bering Sea was higher than those observed in Japan Sea and North Western Pacific *** the north of Japan Sea TGM levels were found to be lower than 0.5 ng/m 3 during forward cruise and displayed obviously diurnal cycle,indicating potential oxidation of gaseous mercury in the *** pronounced episode was recorded as *** levels of TGM were observed in the coastal regions of southern Japan Sea during backward cruise due primarily to air masses transported from the adjacent mainland reflecting the contribution from anthropogenic *** ship returned back and passed through Kamchatka Peninsula TGM increased by the potential contamination from volcano emissions.

关键词： total gaseous mercury atmosphere marine boundary layer Japan Sea North Western Pacific Ocean Bering Sea

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Non-sea-salt sulfate in the marine boundary layer and its possible impact on chloride depletion

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第6期24卷 162-171页

作者： Cole-Dai Jihong Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Box 2202 Shepard Hall South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 USA

Aerosol samples were collected on board the research vessel Xuelong duringthe Fifteenth Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE XV) in November 1998—April 1999 andthe First Chinese Arctic Research Expedition in July—September *** areas traversed by theexpeditionary cruises include the Arctic Ocean, the western North Pacific Ocean and the easternIndian Ocean, covering 75°N—69°S and 75°E—133°W. Aerosol samples were also taken at theChinese Zhongshan Station in East Antarctica during the CHINARE XV. Analysis of the samples yieldedconcentrations of non-sea-salt sulfate and other soluble chemical species in the marine boundarylayer. The data suggest that the chemical composition of the marine aerosols is influenced by threemajor sources: continental air masses, primary oceanic emissions, and secondary marine aerosolsoriginated from oceanic *** results show that, awing to strong anthropogenic sulfuremissions from the Asian continent, non-sea-salt sulfate concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere(the western North Pacific) marine aerosol are significantly higher than those in the SouthernHemisphere (the eastern Indian Ocean). Aerosol non-sea-salt sulfate concentrations appear to beinversely correlated with aerosol non-sea-salt chloride which shows significantly negative values,indicating the loss of chloride by sea salts, in most aerosol samples. Since gaseous HCl may beinvolved in chemical reactions that deplete atmospheric ozone in the marine boundary layer (MBL),high levels of acidic non-sea-salt-sulfate released by human activities in the low and mid-latitudesof the Northern Hemisphere may become an important potential contributor to the loss of atmosphericozone in the MBL.

关键词： non-sea-salt sulfate marine boundary layer chloride depletion

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Study　on　the　characteristics　of　the　marine　boundary　layer　in　the　Equatorial　Pacific

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1994年第2期13卷 225-236页

作者： Zhang Ziyu and Zhou Mingyu

In this paper the variations of the wind, temperature,humidity and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer over the tropical ocean are analysed by use of observational data with tethersonde over the Equatorial Pacific of 165°E from November 17, 1989 to June 29, 1990. According to the analyses, it is pointed out that generally the thermodynamic structure of the marine boundary layer in the tropical ocean area remains in a state of convective boundary layer owing to higher temperature of the sea water. Generally, the cumulus generated by local convection easts in the mixed layer, and the cloud top is the top of the mixed layer. The turbulent kinetic energy in the surface layer (less 0. 4 Zi)and in the capping inversion layer is in exceedingly unbalanced state.

关键词： Equatorial Pacific marine boundary layer turbulent kinetic energy

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Vertical Distributions of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide Observed in a Polluted marine boundary layer around Kaohsiung City

Vertical Distributions of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide Observe...

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第七届亚洲气溶胶会议

作者： Ching-Ho Lin Chin-Hsing Lai Yee-Lin Wu Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Fooyin University Department of Environmental Engineering National Cheng-Kung University

In a coastal region, ozone pollution is usually dominated by a sea-breeze circulation. However, vertical structures of ozone and its precursors within the circulation are seldom observed. Some preliminary results obtained during a 10-day field study are presented in this work. The field study was conducted in October 2009 at a small island, Little Liuqui, 15 km from the nearest coastline of southern Taiwan and 25 km to the Kaohsiung City. A tethered sounding system was installed at the shoreline of the small island to measure vertical features of meteorological parameters, ozone and nitrogen dioxide over polluted marine area. Elevated plumes at 400-800 m over the sea were detected, noticed by low ozone concentrations and high nitrogen dioxide at night. Elevated ozone layers with concentrations more than 100 ppb were observed at day above marine boundary layers with a typical depth at 250-500 m. The results suggested the observed elevated ozone layers were possibly formed by the emission of large point sources around the Kaohsiung City and the ozone within the layers may be brought into the marine boundary layers by the subsidence and the turbulent diffusion.

关键词： Vertical distribution ozone nitrogen dioxide marine boundary layer point source

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Elevated Ducts and Low Clouds over the Central Western Pacific Ocean in Winter Based on GPS Soundings and Satellite Observation

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2021年第2期20卷 244-256页

作者： LI Xiaodong SHENG Lifang WANG Wencai College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Both low clouds and elevated ducts are common phenomena in the oceanic atmosphere. Low clouds affect elevated ducts by changing the structure of atmospheric temperature and humidity. However, due to the limitation of met-ocean measurements, research on them is still scattered. This paper presents the distribution of elevated ducts and clouds over the central Western Pacific Ocean(WPO) based on Global Position System(GPS) sounding data and Himawari-8 satellite products from November 2015 to January 2016. Results show that the frequency of elevated ducts detected by ship-based GPS soundings was as high as 77% over the central WPO. The height and frequency of elevated ducts are closely related to the low clouds. If there are no clouds, the occurrence probability and mean base height of the elevated ducts are 14% and 730 m, respectively. By comparison, the occurrence probability and mean base height increase up to 24% and 1471 m, respectively, in the presence of cumulus(Cu) clouds, and 22% and 1511 m, respectively, in the presence of stratocumulus(Sc) clouds. Elevated ducts occur near the cloud top. The analysis of geopotential height and wind fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) reanalysis dataset(ERA-interim) shows that the study area is covered by a strong and stable subtropical high, and slowly sinking dry air masses inside the subtropical high are above the moist boundary-layer air mass. The appearance and evolution of low clouds will adjust the temperature and humidity structure of the lower troposphere. If there are no clouds, the marine boundary layer(MBL) is the classic mixed boundary layer. Humidity gradient and subsidence inversion are formed atop the mixed layer. When low clouds are present, long wave radiation and entrainment atop clouds form a strong temperature inversion and humidity gradient, which strengthen elevated ducts. However, when Sc clouds are decoupled, a weaker temperature inversion and humidity gradient ma

关键词： elevated duct cumulus cloud stratocumulus cloud marine boundary layer subtropical high

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NASA’s Mission ACTIVATE: Objectives, Strategies, and Limitations

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第4期10卷 819-823页

作者： Shreyas Banaji Flint Hill School/NASA/VESSS Hampton VA USA

The primary goal of this report is to describe the operational concepts of NASA’s ACTIVATE mission. ACTIVATE hopes to improve the understanding of aerosol dispersion and models, provide accurate data for aerosols’ characterization and ozone profiles, and establish knowledge of the relationships between aerosols and water. ACTIVATE’s science objectives are to quantify Na-CCN-Nd relationships and reduce uncertainty in model cloud droplet activation parameterizations, improve process-level understanding and model representation of factors governing cloud micro/macro-physical properties and how they couple with cloud effects on aerosol, plus assess advanced remote sensing capabilities for retrieving aerosol and cloud properties related to aerosol-cloud interactions. ACTIVATE utilizes the fixed-wing B-200 King Air to collect data. Data collected by ACTIVATE is highly relevant for meteorologists and environmental scientists looking to understand more about aerosol-cloud formations. Finally, ACTIVATE is a 5-year mission spanning from January 2019 to December 2023 and has used, and will continue to use, instruments such as the High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 (HSRL-2), the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), and the Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH).

关键词： Atmosphere Aerosol-Cloud Interactions marine boundary layer NASA Activate High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 Research Scanning Polarimeter Diode Laser Hygrometer

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Variation characteristics of carbon monoxide and ozone over the course of the 2014 Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第3期26卷 249-255页

作者： LI Bokun BIAN Lingen ZHENG Xiangdong DING Minghu XIE Zhouqing Institute of Polar Environment University of Science and Technology of China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

The concentrations of carbon monoxide and ozone in the marine boundary layer were measured during the 6th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition（from July to September, 2014）. Carbon monoxide concentration ranged between 47.00 and 528.52 ppbv with an average of 103.59 ± 40.37 ppbv. A slight decrease with increasing latitude was observed, except for the extremely high values over the East China Sea which may be attributed to anthropogenic emissions. Ozone concentration ranged between 3.27 and 77.82 ppbv with an average of 29.46±10.48 ppbv. Ozone concentration decreased sharply with increasing latitude outside the Arctic Ocean（during both the northward and the southward course）, while no significant variation was observed over the Arctic Ocean. The positive correlation between carbon monoxide and ozone in most sections suggests that the ozone in the marine boundary layer mainly originated from photochemical reactions involving carbon monoxide.

关键词： carbon monoxide ozone marine boundary layer temporal and spatial variation

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