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The mechanism of farmland marginalization in Chinese mountainous areas:Evidence from cost and return changes

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第4期29卷 531-548页

作者： LI Shengfa LI Xiubin Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application Guangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangzhou 510070China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Farmland marginalization has become the main trend of Iand-use change in the mountainous areas of *** annual survey data of major agricultural production costs and earnings at national and provincial levels in China,this study aims to analyze the reasons and mechanism behind farmland marginalization in mountainous *** find that farmers on plains are able to reduce their per mu labor input effectively through in tensive use of agricultural machinery,which has minimized the impact of the increase in labor ***,it is extremely challenging for farmers in mountainous areas to use the same method owing to the rough ***,per laborer farming area in these areas has increased relatively slowly,causing a widening gap in agricultural labor productivity between the two *** the rapid rise in labor costs since 2003,the marginalization of cultivated land in mountainous areas is *** 2013,the net profit of agricultural production in mountainous China fell below *** 2000,the Iand-use and land?cover change in these areas was characterized by the reduction of farmland area,reforestation,and the enhancement of the NDVI *** high correlation between the NDVI change rate and the ratio of change in farmland(r=-0.70)and forest(r=0.91)in mountainous areas at provincial level further attests to the trend of farmla nd margi nalization *** ally,we summarize the mecha nism of such marginalization against the backdrop of the rapid increase in the opport unity cost of farming and the rapid fall of agricultural labor forces in mountainous *** study contributes to a deep understanding of the development process of farmland marginalization and abandonment as well as forest transition in Chinese mountainous areas.

关键词： farmland marginalization farmland abandonment labor costs returns agricultural labor productivity mountainous areas China

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Language and marginalization-a Research on Language Problems of Migrant Workers in Beijing

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海外英语 2012年第5X期 266-266,271页

作者：姚雪梅 English teaching and Research Department Henan Normal University

With migrant workers pouring out into cities together with their family,their problems become more and more *** means of field study,the paper investigated the language problems and social problems of migrant workers,and confirmed the hypothesis that language problems cause migrant workers marginalized in the mainstream of the society.

关键词： migrant worker marginalization language problems a

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An Unmitigated Disaster: Shifting from Response and Recovery to Mitigation for an Insurable Future

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 179-192页

作者： Eliza de Vet Christine Eriksen Kate Booth Shaun French Australian Centre for Culture EnvironmentSociety andSpace(ACCESS)School of Geography and SustainableCommunitiesFaculty of Social SciencesUniversity ofWollongongWollongong NSW2522Australia Geography and Spatial Science University of TasmaniaHobart TAS7001Australia School of Geography Faculty of Social SciencesUniversityof NottinghamNottingham NG72RDEngland

Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance *** the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from ***, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.

关键词： Australia Disaster mitigation Household insurance Household marginalization Household resilience Natural hazards

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Miao Folk Music and the Marginal Modernism of Shen Congwen

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2020年第4期6卷 46-64页

作者： Qianwei He Soochow University China

Shen Congwen(1902-1988)was a high-profile modern Chinese writer,and one of the most discussed Chinese writers within and outside *** his whole life,he considered himself a“countryman”,different from his contemporary writers,and he employed his regional background to his *** attention on the Miao ethnic culture in his home region,West Hunan Province,was *** the first half of the twentieth century,while the cities of China started to move towards modernity,the Miao people in West Hunan Province remained relatively primitive and *** his re-imagination and possible over-romanticism of the marginalized Miao culture,Shen became one of the most unique modern Chinese *** kind of marginalization in both folk music and literature clashed with modern China’s interest and need to revitalize its *** paper will argue that,with the application of psychoanalytical and cultural anthropological theories,the folk music of a minority group that was incomprehensible to mainstream modern China exactly brought out the“marginally”modernist quality of Shen Congwen’s literary works.

关键词： Shen Congwen marginalization modernism Miao ethnicity folk music

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试论抗战前国民党地方党部的边缘化

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中国现代史 2006年第7期 72-77页

作者：李巨澜

在国民党1927年后确立的训政体制中，以党政平行作为地方党政关系原则，结果导致抗战前地方党部的边缘化。其主要原因在于国民党的训政体制设计和政治理念，党员素质低和党部自身缺陷也是重要因素。由此带来的严重后果是党的吸引力和引... 详细信息

在国民党1927年后确立的训政体制中，以党政平行作为地方党政关系原则，结果导致抗战前地方党部的边缘化。其主要原因在于国民党的训政体制设计和政治理念，党员素质低和党部自身缺陷也是重要因素。由此带来的严重后果是党的吸引力和引导力下降，党的形象和权威受到损毁，并极大地影响了国民党政权的合法性建构。

关键词：地方党部党政关系边缘化 the local party branches the relationship between party and government marginalization

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知识分子的边缘化和晚清小说队伍的嬗变

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中国古代、近代文学研究 2007年第12期 129-133页

作者：贺根民

穿梭于封建“道统”和“政统”之间的知识分子，因为国家的衰朽和社会的动荡，趋向社会边缘化。科举的废止，打破了知识分子赖以支撑信仰的工具性循环；心灵的煎熬和变异，表露为浓郁的社会沉思和人生悲叹。异域文明的输入，解构了“道... 详细信息

穿梭于封建“道统”和“政统”之间的知识分子，因为国家的衰朽和社会的动荡，趋向社会边缘化。科举的废止，打破了知识分子赖以支撑信仰的工具性循环；心灵的煎熬和变异，表露为浓郁的社会沉思和人生悲叹。异域文明的输入，解构了“道统”话语的桎梏；中西文明的对比，为广大知识分子提供了返观自身的时代命题。边缘化的生存境遇，造就了晚清小说的繁荣，也改变了知识分子社会诉求的既定轨迹。晚清小说以其鲜明的时代表征，书写着一代知识分子痛苦灵魂的蜕变过程和图谋富强的普泛心路。

关键词：知识分子晚清小说边缘化科举社会诉求 intellectuals novels in the late Qing Dynasty marginalization imperial social demands

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社会政治地理和生态压力对传统牧业制度的影响综述（英文）

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地理学报：英文版 2019年第10期29卷 1758-1770页

作者： MUHAMMAD Khurshid MOHAMMAD Nafees ABDULLAH Khan MEHMET Somuncu ASHFAQ Ahmad Khan WAJID Rashid Department of Environmental Sciences The University of HaripurKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620 Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarPeshawar 25000 Pakistan Department of Geography Ankara UniversitySihhiye 06100 Ankara Turkey Department of Geography Karabuk UniversityKarabuk 78000 Turkey Department of Environmental Sciences The University of SwatSwat 19130 Pakistan

Pastoralism is a viable socio-economic system-shaped by landless and agro-pastoral communities in many pastoral regions of the world. This system is mainly based on seasonal migration of pastoralists and their livestock herds between upland and lowland pastures. Traditionally pastoral activities make significant contributions to mountain livelihood subsistence, regional economies and environmental sustainability. However, the pastoralist’s lifestyle and their economies are increasingly confronted to various socio-political, economic and ecological stresses from the last few decades. Extensive literature reviewed on this subject with the aim to explore the current emerging challenges faced by pastoral communities in different pastoral regions. It has been revealed from literature that the prevalent socio-political and economic stress on pastoralism caused by modernization, insecure land tenure, integration of market economy, civil insecurities and pastoralist’s exclusion in states policies while ecological stress on pastoral activities emerged with increasing focus on nature conservation in pastoral regions and climate change induced hazards and disasters. As a consequence of these challenges, pastoral households are abandoning livestock herding–as a traditional way of life and are in continuous transition to transform their pastoral practices and institutions. Thus, the attention and consultation of key stakeholders are needed toward pastoral resource development that improve and sustain traditional pastoral practices in a socio-politically and ecologically stressed environment of the world.

关键词： pastoralism marginalization pastoral system pastures livestock pastoralists

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Prospect of Fuelwood Plantations for Marginal Small Tea Farmers: A Case Study in Matara and Badulla Districts, Sri Lanka

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Natural Resources 2015年第12期6卷 566-576页

作者： Indika Rohan Plaihakkara Abrar J. Mohammed Ganesh P. Shivakoti Makoto Inoue Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Ruhuna Matara Sri Lanka Department of Global Agricultural Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok Thailand

This study demonstrates the importance of conversion of tea farms in marginal land to fuelwood plantation by analyzing the current biophysical, economic and institutional pros and cons of each land uses for marginal small tea plantation holders (MSTH). The study is based on household survey and field investigation conducted in Matara and Badulla Districts of Sri Lanka. Both qualitative and quantitative data on important biophysical, economic and institutional factors was collected from a total of 81 MSTH, 50 from Matara and 31 from Badulla, and fuelwood consuming industries within 20 km of the study area. The result showed that MSTH are facing biophysical and economic problems that are forcing them to leave portion of their tea planation land uncultivated. With ongoing demand increase for fuelwood, presence of tree species already adaptable to the area and favorable property right condition, conversion of the existing marginal land to fuelwood plantation is a viable way to sustainably manage the MSTH farmland. This will also contribute to tackle environmental disasters the area is frequently facing due to abandoning of the marginal tea plantation land.

关键词： Sustainable Land Use marginalization Tea Industry Fuelwood Sri Lanka

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Research on NAT Traversal in Campus Network Resource-Sharing System

Research on NAT Traversal in Campus Network Resource-Sharing...

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2012 International Conference on Computer Technology and Science(ICCTS 2012)

作者： Guohai Yang Shunhua Tan Miao Chen and Yizhi Wang National School of Defense Technology School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China

With the growing number of Internet user nodes on the Internet,resources have tended to reveal a marginal *** this case,if it continues to rely on traditional client/server （C/S） model of resource access architecture,the servers will meet challenges about costing huge investment of ***,using peer to peer （P2P） model and technology of NAT traversal can share resources between edge nodes,thus network bandwidth will be used more efficiently,and visualization of NAT subnet hidden nodes will be *** paper is about development of campus network resource sharing system and its reliable test,which is based on the Visual C++ and the MySQL database platform.

关键词： Peer network marginalization Resource integration Udp punching Time synchronization

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海洋渔民何以边缘化

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社会学评论 2013年第3期

作者：同春芬张曦兮黄艺

海洋社会学作为应用社会学的一项新探索，是运用社会学理论与方法，研究海洋与社会的关系、人类海洋开发活动的行为以及由此产生的社会结构变化。海洋渔民作为一个不同于农民和城市居民的特殊群体，由于受到社会变迁和社会政策等制度因... 详细信息

海洋社会学作为应用社会学的一项新探索，是运用社会学理论与方法，研究海洋与社会的关系、人类海洋开发活动的行为以及由此产生的社会结构变化。海洋渔民作为一个不同于农民和城市居民的特殊群体，由于受到社会变迁和社会政策等制度因素的影响，其在社会系统结构中所处的位置越来越趋于“边缘化”，具体可以概括为：职业分化阶层化、经济地位弱势化、社会地位边缘化。与此同时，他们不但已经被排除在能够创造财富的、有报酬的就业机会之外，而且也已经被排斥在经济、政治和文化生活之外，不能或只能在最低限度上获得由发展带来的社会和经济效益。

关键词：海洋渔民海洋社会学社会地位边缘化 marine fishermen maritime sociology social status marginalization

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