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The oasis expansion and eco-environment change over the last 50 years in manas River Valley, Xinjiang

Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 163-175页

作者： CHENG Weiming ZHOU Chenghu LIU Haijiang ZHANG Yang JIANG Yan ZHANG Yichi YAO Yonghui State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The oasis expansion and economic development of the manas River Valley is one of the most successful examples in Xinjiang. In this paper, the oasis spatial distribution pattern and dynamic change were examined using imageries of Landsat MSS, TM and ETM, land use and topographic maps in six different periods (such as 1949, 1962, 1976, 1989, 1999 and 2001) over the last 50 years in the valley. The oasis expansion process could be divided into two stages according to the annual rate of oasis area increase, the fast oasization stage (from 1949 to 1976) when the oasis area ex-panded from 156.385 km2 in 1949 to 3,639.491 km2 in 1976 because of rapidly increased population and quickly enlarged farmland area; and the urbanization stage (from 1976 to 2001) when the ex-pansion ratio of farmland slowed down, and the urbanization process quickened, the total oasis area reached 5042.440 km2 in 2001. With the continuous expansion of oasis and farmland, a large quantity of river water was drawn into irrigation ditch and plain lakes, so only a small quantity of river water could flow into lakes, as a result, the manas Lake dried up, salization and basification problems happened in the low-lying oasis region. The natural swamp around the lake was shrunk greatly and biodiversity decreased significantly. The driving force analysis reveals that human activities, such as reclamation and population growth, played a major role in the oasis expansion and ecological dete-rioration in the manas River Valley. So further efforts should be made to improve the efficiency of water resource utility and adjust layout of the regional agricultural and animal husbandry to keep the sustainable development of oasis economic belt of the northern slope of Tianshan Mts.

关键词： manas River Valley, oasization, urbanization, salinization and basification, remote sensing (RS).

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PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF THE LAND RESOURCE IN THE manas RIVER BASIN OF XINJIANG

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干旱区资源与环境 1993年第Z1期7卷 466-467页

作者： Yuan Guoying Xinjang Institute of Environmental Research, Urumqi, 830011

The manas River valley, situated in the middle part of northern slope of TianshanMountains, in a geographcal position of N43°20′--45°56′, E84°57′--86°43′,composed of manas and Shawan counties, and the 8th Agricaltural Reclamation Division,has a total area of 24328Km^2. This area belongs to the arid regions of China with a great distance to the sea. For in-

关键词： manas River Basin Ecoagriculture Protection for Environment and Resources

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柯尔克孜语话语材料《玛纳斯》(《manas》)片断

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民族语文 1988年第4期 74-80页

作者：胡振华

关键词：柯尔克孜语卡拉吉尔吉斯语额尔奇 manas 宰相克普恰克拉什驼羔骆驼儿子

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A cultivated area forecasting approach in artificial oases under climate change and human activities

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第3期11卷 400-418页

作者： ZHANG Shaobo CHEN Fulong CHEN Jie WANG Jing LI Shaofei LONG Aihua School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430081China College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000China Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjin 300384China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 10003&China

The cultivated area in artificial oases is deeply influenced by global climate change and human ***,forecasting cultivated area in artificial oases under climate change and human activities is of great *** this study,an approach named GD-HM-PSWROAM,consisting of general circulation model downscaling(GD),hydrological model(HM),and planting structure and water resource optimal allocation model(PSWROAM),was developed and applied in the irrigation district of the manas River Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China to forecast the cultivated area ***,the catchment export of the MIKE11 HD/NAM model was set to the Kensiwate hydrological *** results show that the downscaling effects of temperature can be fairly satisfying,while those of precipitation may be not satisfying but *** capacity of the MIKE11 HD/NAM model on the discharge in the Kensiwate hydrological station can meet the requirements of running the *** accuracy of the PSWROAM indicated that this model can perform well in predicting the change of cultivated area at the decadal *** cultivated area in the manas River Basin under current human activities may be generally decreasing due to the climate *** the adverse effects of climate change can be weakened or even eliminated through positive human *** cultivated area in the manas River Basin may even be increasing under assumed human activities and future climate *** effects of human activities in the future can be generally predicted and quantified according to the cultivated area trends under current human activities and the situations in the study ***,it is rational and acceptable to forecast the cultivated area tendency in artificial oases under future climate change and human activities through the GD-HM-PSWROAM approach.

关键词： GCM downscaling hydrological model cultivated area climate change human activities manas River Basin

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居素甫·玛玛依《玛纳斯》变体中的北京、中北京之谜及《玛纳斯》产生年代全破译

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中国古代、近代文学研究 2006年第8期 86-95页

作者：张永海

柯尔克孜族英雄史诗《玛纳斯》中的“北京”、“中北京”的方位及产生年代是世界学术难题，长期以来研究者众说纷纭。本文对此进行了深入的解析和论证，同时认为玛纳斯实有其人，《玛纳斯》是柯尔克孜人的真实历史，由此柯尔克孜人10至1... 详细信息

柯尔克孜族英雄史诗《玛纳斯》中的“北京”、“中北京”的方位及产生年代是世界学术难题，长期以来研究者众说纷纭。本文对此进行了深入的解析和论证，同时认为玛纳斯实有其人，《玛纳斯》是柯尔克孜人的真实历史，由此柯尔克孜人10至12世纪历史空白的填补成为可能。

关键词：柯尔克孜族英雄史诗《玛纳斯》 Kirgiz ethnic group the heroic historical poem manas

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《泰帝利耶奥义书》“五藏说”义解

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世界宗教文化 2019年第6期 127-133页

作者：党素萍中国社会科学院外国文学研究所

“五藏说”是奥义书中探讨自我的两种重要学说之一。目前学界对“五藏说”中的第三重和第四重自我存在多种指称,内涵不清,不易辨识。本文依据梵文注释,对关键概念进行辨析和厘定,提出二者可理解为“心意构成的自我”和“智识构成的自我... 详细信息

“五藏说”是奥义书中探讨自我的两种重要学说之一。目前学界对“五藏说”中的第三重和第四重自我存在多种指称,内涵不清,不易辨识。本文依据梵文注释,对关键概念进行辨析和厘定,提出二者可理解为“心意构成的自我”和“智识构成的自我”。在祭火坛堆垛仪式背景下,每一重自我仿照鸟形祭坛,各包含五部分,其中ātman指“躯干”。“五藏说”中的瑜伽意指冥想定境,即维持“智识所成我”的主要状态。

关键词：五藏说 manas vijnana atman 瑜伽

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