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Regulation of amino acid transporters in the mammary gland from late pregnancy to peak lactation in the sow

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 595-606页

作者： Fang Chen Shihai Zhang Zixiao Deng Qiqi Zhou Lin Cheng Sung Woo Kim Jun Chen Wutai Guan Department of Animal Science South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry Guangzhou 510642China Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Background: Milk protein is crucial for milk quality in sows and health of newborn piglets. Plasma amino acids(AA)in sows are important precursors for milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland. In order to study the regulation of AA transported in sow mammary glands and possible underlying mechanisms, we measured the expression of genes coding for milk proteins, AA transporter expressions, and plasma AA concentrations in sows at three different physiological stages(D-17, D1 and D17 of lactation), and then further investigated the regulation of AA transport across the cell membrane by adaptive mechanisms using pig mammary epithelial cells(PMEC) as an in vitro model.PMEC were cultured in DMEM:F12 with 4 amino acid concentrations(0 × AA complex, 1 × AA complex, 5 × AA complex,and 25 × AA complex). Classes of AA complexes evaluated in this study included neutral AAs(L-Ala + L-Ser + L-Cys), acidic AAs(L-Asp, L-Glu) and neutral + basic AAs(L-Ala + L-Ser + L-Cys + L-Lys).Results: Our results indicated that m RNA expression of genes coding for milk protein(αs1-casein, αs2-casein,β-casein and κ-casein) increased significantly with the advance of physiological stage(P mammary glands compared with sow mammary glands in late pregnancy(P < 0.05). The m RNA expressions of SLC38 A2, SLC1 A1,SLC6 A14 increased significantly in the cell mediums supplemented with 5 × and 25 × of AA complexes compared with those cells cultured in DMEM/F12 cell medium(P < 0.05). The m RNA expressions of SLC38 A, SLC1 A4, and SLC6 A14 also increased in EBSS cell medium compared to D

关键词： Amino acid transporter Lactation mammary epithelial cell Milk protein Sow

Effect of different exogenous fatty acids on the cytosolic triacylglycerol content in bovine mammary cells

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 202-208页

作者： Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez Juan J.Loor Philip C Garnsworthy The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois1207 West Gregory DriveUrbana

The objective of this study was to determine how cytosolic triacylglycerols(TAG) are stored in mammary cells and whether this depends on the individual chemical configuration of fatty acids(FA). This objective was accomplished by addition of different FA to a FA-free medium used to culture mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen cells(MAC-T). Treatments consisted of adding FA(palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate,rumenic acid [CLA], elaidate and vaccinate) solutions to the medium at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mmol/L concentrations for a 24-h incubation period. At the end of each incubation period, cytosolic TAG, DNA and protein contents were measured. Palmitate, vaccenate, linoleate and CLA increased(P < 0.05) cytosolic TAG(μg/mg protein). Palmitate and CLA increased(P < 0.05) cytosolic TAG adjusted for DNA content. Overall, effects on cytosolic TAG accumulation depended on individual FA structure(chain length, degree of saturation, and number and orientation of FA double bonds). In addition, the long-chain FA used in this study did not have a detrimental effect on MAC-T cells as indicated by cytosolic protein and DNA contents reflecting their biological role in lipid accumulation.

关键词： Long chain fatty acid mammary cells Trans fatty acid Triacylglycerol accumulation Vaccenic acid

miR-25 modulates triacylglycerol and lipid accumulation in goat mammary epithelial cells by repressing PGC-1beta

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 868-877页

作者： Liuan Ma Huiling Qiu Zhi Chen Li Li Yan Zeng Jun Luo Deming Gou Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina Biomedical Engineering Health and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518000GuangdongChina Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Background: The goat(Caprahircus) is one of the most important livestock animals. Goat milk fat is an important component in the nutritional quality of goat milk. Growing evidence points to the critical roles of microRNAs(miRNAs) in lipid metabolism.Results: Using a highly sensitive method of S-poly(T) plus for miRNAs detection, we analyze the expression patterns of 715 miRNAs in goat mammary gland tissues at different stages of lactation. We observed that miR-25 expression had an inverse relationship with milk production. Overexpression of miR-25 significantly repressed triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation. To explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-25 in milk lipid metabolism,we analyzed its putative target genes with bioinformatics analysis followed by 3′-UTR assays. Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta(PGC-1 beta), a key regulator of lipogenics was identified as a direct target of miR-25 with three specific sites within its 3′-UTR. In addition, miR-25 mimics in goat mammary epithelial cells reduced the expressions of genes involved in lipid metabolism.Conclusions: Taken together, our results show miR-25 is potentially involved in lipid metabolism and we reveal the function of the miR-25/PGC-1 beta regulatory axis during lactation.

关键词： Goat mammary epithelial cells Lipid miR-25 PGC-1beta Triacylglycerol

Zfhx3 is essential for progesterone/progesterone receptor signaling to drive ductal side-branching and alveologenesis in mouse mammary glands

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第3期46卷 119-131页

作者： Gui Ma Ang Gao Yinan Yang Yuan He Xi Zhang Baotong Zhang Zhiqian Zhang Mei Li Xing Fu Dan Zhao Rui Wu Leilei Qi Qingxia Hu Juan Li Liya Fu Zhengmao Zhu Jin-Tang Dong Department of Genetics and Cell Biology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology School of Medicine Winship Cancer Institute Emory University Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences

Progesterone(Pg)/progesterone receptor(PR) signaling drives mammary gland side-branching and alveologenesis, but the mechanisms through which Pg/PR signaling functions remain to be clarified.Using in vitro and in vivo models and histological and molecular analyses, we determined the role of Zfhx3 transcription factor in mammary gland development driven by Pg/PR signaling. Postnatal deletion of Zfhx3 in mouse mammary epithelial cells attenuated side-branching morphogenesis and alveologenesis. These effects were undetectable in the absence of Pg/PR signaling. During the estrus cycle, Zfhx3 expression corresponded to that of Pg, being at the highest level at the diestrus stage; Zfhx3 deletion inhibited mammary gland branching more potently at diestrus than estrus stage. Loss of Zfhx3 not only attenuated the expansion of stem/progenitor cells driven by Pg/PR signaling, but also impaired the function of Pg/PR signaling in the transcriptional activation of multiple genes. In addition, Pg/PR signaling significantly expanded PR-and Zfhx3-positive epithelial cells, and induced the physical association of ZFHX3 with PR. These findings establish Zfhx3 as an integral transcription factor of Pg/PR signaling in driving side-branching and alveologenesis during mammary gland development.

关键词： mammary gland Zfhx3/Atbf1 Pregnancy Ductal side-branching Alveologenesis Progesterone-progesterone receptor signaling

Expression and function of heregulin-α and its receptors in the mouse mammary gland

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 1015-1024页

作者： GENG LiJing1 & LI QingZhang2 1Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China 2Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Institute of Food Science and Engineering Liaoning Medical University Jinzhou China Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China

Heregulin-α (HRGα) is a cytokine secreted by the mammary mesenchyme, adjacent to lobuloalveolar structures. To understand the role of HRGα and its receptors in mammary glands, and the underlying mechanisms, we performed this study to determine the expression and localization of HRGα and its receptors ErbB2 and ErbB3. We also determined the role of HRGα in the development of mammary glands, β-casein expression and secretion, Rab3A protein expression and the phosphorylation of HRGα signaling molecules using confocal laser scanning microscopy, tissue culture, capillary electrophoresis, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We found that a peak was on pregnancy day 15. Changes of ErbB2 and ErbB3 expression were positively and linearly correlated with HRGα, indicating that HRGα positively regulates ErbB2 and ErbB3 expression. During pregnancy, HRGα enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT5, p42/p44, p38, PKC and Rab3A protein expression, stimulated the proliferation and differentiation of the ductal epithelial cells of mammary glands, and increased and maintained the expression and secretion of β-casein. During lactation, HRGα enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT5 and p38, inhibited the phosphorylation of PKC and Rab3A protein expression, maintained the morphology of the mammary glands and increased the secretion of lactoprotein to reduce the expression of β-casein in mammary epithelial cells. During involution, HRGα induced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and Rab3A protein expression, and inhibited the phosphorylation of PKC to stimulate the degeneration of mammary epithelial cells. It also inhibited the secretion of β-casein, resulting in increased levels of β-casein in mammary epithelial cells.

关键词： mammary gland heregulin-α ErbB2 ErbB3 signal transduction

Phytochemical analysis and anticancer capacity of Shemamruthaa,a herbal formulation against DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第12期6卷 925-933页

作者： Ayyakkannu Purushothaman Elumalai Nandhakumar Panchanatham Sachdanandam Department of Medical Biochemistry.Dr.ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of MadrasTaramani CampusChennai-600113 .India

Objective:To investigate the bioactive-constituents of Shemamruthaa(SM),a herbal combination and its therapeutic effects on the mitochondrial functions with reference to lipid peroxidation(LPO),antioxidant status,citric acid cycle enzymes and electron transport chain enzymes in mammary tissues of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene(DMBA)induced mammary carcinoma in rat model.Methods:Adult Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study and were divided into four groups.CroupⅠserved as control and CroupⅡrats were induced mammary carcinoma by administration of DMBA(25 mg/kg b.w.)orally.The normal and cancer-induced rats(GroupⅢ)were treated with SM(400 mg/kg b.w./day)orally by gastric incubation for 14days.CroupⅣrats served as SM-treated control animals.Results:Cancer-induced rats showed a considerably increased level of LPO with concomitant decreased levels of antioxidants,citric acid cycle enzymes,electron transport chain enzymes and cytochrome contents in the mammary tissue.Treatment with SM brought back the aforementioned biochemical parameters to near normal.Conclusions:From the results,it can be inferred that Shemamruthaa possesses significant anticancer effect through its role in attenuation of LPO,prevention of membrane damage and restoring membrane integrity.

关键词： Phyllanthus emblica Hibiscus rosa-sinensis mammary carcinoma Trilinolein Flavonoids Mitochondrial oxidative stress

Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in the bovine mammary gland during lactation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第2期53卷 248-256页

作者： HOU XiaoMing,LI QingZhang & HUANG TianYing Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China

mammary glands undergo functional and metabolic changes during virgin,lactation and dry periods.A total of 122 genes were identified as differentially expressed,including 79 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated genes during lactation compared with virgin and dry periods.Gene ontology analysis showed the functional classification of the up-regulated genes in lactation,including transport,biosynthetic process,signal transduction,catalytic activity,immune system process,cell death,and positive regulation of the developmental process.Microarray data clarified molecular events in bovine mammary gland lactation.

关键词： mammary gland microarray lactation genomics gene expression profile

Internal mammary artery harvesting with its distal end occluded

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第11期132卷 1385-1386页

作者： Yoandy Lopez-de la Cruz Yolepsis Quintero-Fleites Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Santa Clara Cardiac Center Santa Clara Villa Clara 50200 Cuba

To the Editor:We have read with great interest the comment of Chen et al"What can we learn from cases of internal mammary artery damage in coronary artery bypass graft ", The advice that the authors propose in relation to the internal mammary artery (IMA) harvesting is very useful because they are based on a 20-year experience in more than 10,000 patients.

关键词： coronary artery mammary Lesion of internal mammary artery

Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2844-2853页

作者： FAN Cai-yun SU Di TIAN He HU Rui-ting RAN Lei YANG Ying SU Yan-jing CHENG Jian-bo College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036P.R.China Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China Bright Farming Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200436P.R.China

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress(HS) on the feed intake, milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of dairy cows. Twenty Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments according to a completely randomized design. Half of the cows were allocated to the HS group in August(summer season), and the other half were assigned to the HS-free group in November(autumn season). HS reduced(Pmammary gland of lactating dairy cows. This study suggested that HS might affect milk production and composition by affecting the feed intake and substance metabolisms in the mammary gland tissue of lactating dairy cows.

关键词： milk production metabolomics mammary gland heat stress dairy cows