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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman SHARNUUD Eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change Specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic conditions.Yet,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly investigated.Focusing on terrestrial mammals in China,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human pressure.These species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and Rodentia.Likewise,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,respectively.Our findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

Proteomic-based evidence for adult neurogenesis in birds and mammals as indicated from cerebrospinal fluid

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2576-2581页

作者： Eleni Voukali Michal Vinkler Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic

Adult neurogenesis is the life-long process of neural stem cell proliferation,differentiation into neurons,migration,and incorporation into the existing neuronal circuits.After decades of research,it is now widely accepted that mammals and birds retain the capacity to regenerate neurons even after their subadult ontogeny.Cerebrospinal fluid participates in the regulation of the neurogenic niches of the vertebrate brain through signaling pathways not fully elucidated.Proteomic studies of cerebrospinal fluid have the potential to allow the in-depth characterization of its molecular composition.Comparative studies help to delineate those pathways that are universally critical for the regulation of neurogenesis in adulthood.In this review,we performed literature-based data mining in studies using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy that analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples from healthy adult humans(Homo sapiens);mice(Mus musculus);sheep(Ovis aries);chickens(Gallus gallus);and two parrot species,the budgerigar(Melopsittacus undulatus)and cockatiel(Nymphicus hollandicus).We identified up to 911 proteins represented in cerebrospinal fluid,involved in various pathways regulating adult neurogenesis.However,only 196 proteins were common across humans,mice,and birds.Pathway components involved in nervous system development,cell migration,and axonal guidance were commonly evident in all species investigated so far.Extensive bioinformatic analysis revealed that the universally over-represented pathways involved L1 cell adhesion molecule protein interactions,cell-adhesion molecules,signals regulating extracellular matrix remodeling,regulation of insulin growth factor signaling,axonal guidance,programmed cell death,immune signaling,and post-translational modifications.Most of the reported proteins are part of extracellular vesicles enriched in cerebrospinal fluid.However,the information presently available is still highly fragmentary,and far more questions persist than are answered.Technological advances will allow c

关键词： adult neurogenesis birds cerebrospinal fluid chicken comparative proteomics human mammals mass spectrometry parrots

Applying zeta diversity to understand species turnover patterns of small mammals in the Mountains of Southwest China

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动物学研究(英文) 2023年第5期44卷 939-942页

作者： Jin-Zhao Ke Zhi-Xin Wen Ming-Qiang Wang Anderson Feijó Tian Tian Lin Xia Qi-Sen Yang Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China

DEAR EDITOR,Mountainous regions are generally characterized by high species turnover,yet studies applying novel conceptual frameworks to analyze the spatial structure and organization of montane biota along elevational gradients remain scarce.Based on the zeta diversity framework—a novel turnover metric that focuses on average number of species shared across sites—and a comprehensive presence-absence dataset of small mammals collected from 22 elevational gradients in the Mountains of Southwest China(MSC).

关键词： mammals Mountains turnover

Comparative analysis reveals epigenomic evolution related to species traits and genomic imprinting in mammals

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The Innovation 2023年第3期4卷 91-101页

作者： Yisi Hu Shenli Yuan Xin Du Jiang Liu Wenliang Zhou Fuwen Wei CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 511458China CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that plays a crucial role in various regulatory processes,including gene expression regulation,transposable element repression,and genomic imprinting.However,most studies on DNA methylation have been conducted in humans and other model species,whereas the dynamics of DNA methylation across mammals remain poorly explored,limiting our understanding of epigenomic evolution in mammals and the evolutionary impacts of conserved and lineage-specific DNA methylation.Here,we generated and gathered comparative epigenomic data from 13 mammalian species,including two marsupial species,to demonstrate that DNA methylation plays critical roles in several aspects of gene evolution and species trait evolution.We found that the species-specific DNA methylation of promoters and noncoding elements correlates with species-specific traits such as body patterning,indicating that DNA methylation might help establish or maintain interspecies differences in gene regulation that shape phenotypes.For a broader view,we investigated the evolutionary histories of 88 known imprinting control regions across mammals to identify their evolutionary origins.By analyzing the features of known and newly identified potential imprints in all studied mammals,we found that genomic imprinting may function in embryonic development through the binding of specific transcription factors.Our findings show that DNA methylation and the complex interaction between the genome and epigenome have a significant impact on mammalian evolution,suggesting that evolutionary epigenomics should be incorporated to develop a unified evolutionary theory.

关键词： imprinting evolution mammals

Oxidative stress drives divergent evolution of the glutathione peroxidase(GPX)gene family in mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 696-711页

作者： Ran TIAN Yuepan GENG Ying YANG Inge SEIM Guang YANG Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Integrative Biology Laboratory College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina School of Biology and Environmental Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

The molecular basis for adaptations to extreme environments can now be understood by interrogating the everincreasing number of sequenced genomes.mammals such as cetaceans,bats,and highland species can protect themselves from oxidative stress,a disruption in the balance of reactive oxygen species,which results in oxidative injury and cell damage.Here,we consider the evolution of the glutathione peroxidase(GPX)family of antioxidant enzymes by interrogating publicly available genome data from 70 mammalian species from all major clades.We identified 8 GPX subclasses ubiquitous to all mammalian groups.Mammalian GPX gene families resolved into the GPX4/7/8 and GPX1/2/3/5/6 groups and are characterized by several instances of gene duplication and loss,indicating a dynamic process of gene birth and death in mammals.Seven of the eight GPX subfamilies(all but GPX7)were under positive selection,with the residues under selection located at or close to active sites or at the dimer interface.We also reveal evidence of a correlation between ecological niches(e.***.high oxidative stress)and the divergent selection and gene copy number of GPX subclasses.Notably,a convergent expansion of GPX1 was observed in several independent lineages of mammals under oxidative stress and may be important for avoiding oxidative damage.Collectively,this study suggests that the GPX gene family has shaped the adaption of mammals to stressful environments.

关键词： adaptive evolution gene family glutathione peroxidase mammals oxidative stress

Optogenetics in neuroscience:what we gain from studies in mammals

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2012年第4期28卷 423-434页

作者： Quanhui Chen Ziling Zeng Zhian Hu Department of Physiology Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China

Optogenetics is a newly-introduced technology in the life sciences and is gaining increasing attention.It refers to the combination of optical technologies and genetic methods to control the activity of specific cell groups in living tissue,during which high-resolution spatial and temporal manipulation of cells is achieved.Optogenetics has been applied to numerous regions,including cerebral cortex,hippocampus,ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,striatum,spinal cord,and retina,and has revealed new directions of research in neuroscience and the treatment of related diseases.Since optogenetic tools are controllable at high spatial and temporal resolution,we discuss its applications in these regions in detail and the recent understanding of higher brain functions,such as reward-seeking,learning and memory,and sleep.Further,the possibilities of improved utility of this newly-emerging technology are discussed.We intend to provide a paradigm of the latest advances in neuroscience using optogenetics.

关键词： optogenetics channnelrhodopsin halorhodopsin mammals

Species longevity in North American fossil mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 383-393页

作者： Donald R.PROTHERO Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Natural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos AngelesCAUSA

Species longevity in the fossil record is related to many paleoecological variables and is important to macroevolutionary studies,yet there are very few reliable data on average species durations in Cenozoic fossil mammals.Many of the online databases(such as the Paleobiology Database)use only genera of North American Cenozoic mammals and there are severe problems because key groups(e.***.camels,oreodonts,pronghorns and proboscideans)have no reliable updated taxonomy,with many invalid genera and species and/or many undescribed genera and species.Most of the published datasets yield species duration estimates of approximately 2.3-4.3 Myr for larger mammals,with small mammals tending to have shorter species durations.My own compilation of all the valid species durations in families with updated taxonomy(39 families,containing 431 genera and 998 species,averaging 2.3 species per genus)yields a mean duration of 3.21 Myr for larger mammals.This breaks down to 4.10-4.39 Myr for artiodactyls,3.14-3.31 Myr for perissodactyls and 2.63-2.95 Myr for carnivorous mammals(carnivorans plus creodonts).These averages are based on a much larger,more robust dataset than most previous estimates,so they should be more reliable for any studies that need species longevity to be accurately estimated.

关键词： Cenozoic genus mammals North America species

The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第12期44卷 2148-2148页

作者： Florent Murat Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany INRAE LPGP Rennes France Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark Bioinformatics Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Berlin Institute of Health at Charité University of Medicine Berlin Corporate Member of the Free University of Berlin Humboldt-University of Berlin Berlin Germany Evolutionary Developmental Biology Laboratory Francis Crick Institute London UK Biomedical Primate Research Center (BPRC) Rijswijk the Netherlands German Primate Center (DPZ) Platform Degenerative Diseases Göttingen Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Göttingen Göttingen Germany Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Russia Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC) Barcelona Spain Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Barcelona Spain CNAG-CRG Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain Miquel Crusafont Catalan Institute of Paleontology Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain The Robinson Research Institute School of Biological Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia

The testis produces gametes through spermatogenesis and evolves rapidly at both the morphological and molecular level in mammals1-6,probably owing to the evolutionary pressure on males to be reproductively successful7.However,the molecular evolution of individual spermatogenic cell types across mammals remains largely uncharacterized.

关键词： evolution mammals evolve

Non-coding RNAs and the acquisition of genomic imprinting in mammals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第3期52卷 195-204页

作者： ZHANG YiJun & QU LiangHu Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol,Sun Yan-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol Sun Yan-Sen University Guangzhou China

Genomic imprinting,representing parent-specific expression of alleles at a locus,is mainly evident in flowering plants and placental mammals.Most imprinted genes,including numerous non-coding RNAs,are located in clusters regulated by imprinting control regions(ICRs).The acquisition and evolution of genomic imprinting is among the most fundamental genetic questions.Discoveries about the transition of mammalian imprinted gene domains from their non-imprinted ancestors,especially recent studies undertaken on the most ancient mammalian clades-the marsupials and monotremes from which model species genomes have recently been sequenced,are of high value.By reviewing and analyzing these studies,a close connection between non-coding RNAs and the acquisition of genomic imprinting in mammals is demonstrated.The evidence comes from two observations accompanied with the acquisition of the imprinting:(i) many novel non-coding RNA genes emerged in imprinted regions;(ii) the expressions of some conserved non-coding RNAs have changed dramatically.Furthermore,a systematical analysis of imprinted snoRNA(small nucleolar RNA) genes from 15 vertebrates suggests that the origination of imprinted snoRNAs occurred after the divergence between eutherians and marsupials,followed by a rapid expansion leading to the fixation of major gene families in the eutherian ancestor prior to the radiation of modern placental mammals.Involved in the regulation of imprinted silencing and mediating the chromatins epigenetic modification may be the major roles that non-coding RNAs play during the acquisition of genomic imprinting in mammals.

关键词： genomic imprinting mammals non-coding RNAs

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) promotes recovery from spinal cord injury in lampreys: role of GABA receptors and perspective on the translation to mammals

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1695-1696页

作者： Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo María Celina Rodicio Antón Barreiro-Iglesias Department of Functional Biology CIBUS Faculty of BiologyUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela

In mammals, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that can lead to a permanent loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions below the site of injury. In the last years, the role of different neurotransmitter systems on regeneration and recovery from SCI has been deciphered. For example, studies in lampreys have shown that neurotransmitters play a key role in modulating the survival and regeneration of brainstem descending neurons after SCI (Romaus-Sanjurjo et al., 2018;Sobrido-Camean et al., 2018).

关键词： In mammals devastating event regeneration