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Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in maldives context

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 133-148页

作者： Yao Wang Alejandro Ruiz-Acevedo Eemaan Rameez Vijaya Raghavan Abid Hussain Xunchang Fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS) United Nations BuildingBuruzu MaguMale’20184Maldives Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6H9X 3V9Canada

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like maldives due to limited land availability. maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Waste incineration Waste management maldives Small Island Developing States Waste-to-energy

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Malnutrition associated factors on children under 5 years old in Lhaviyani Atoll,maldives

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2020年第4期34卷 301-308页

作者： Mariyam Asra Xiaofang Lin Ijaz Ul Haq Asfia Banu Pasha Yingying Shao Rui Qin Manli Hu Ye Ding Zhixu Wang Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Department of Pediatrics the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210029China

In this report,we aimed to analyze the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among children under 5 years of age in Lhaviyani Atoll,maldives.A total of 800 children(under 5 years old) and their mothers were selected for this *** was collected by using a pretested questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were taken from the hospital record ***-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to find the association between nutritional status and *** distribution of height for age and weight for age in surveyed children in maldives was skewed to the left compared with the WHO *** prevalence of undernutrition based on underweight(10.75%),stunting(13.5%),and wasting(9.60%) was estimated to be 23.85% among *** age,gender and mother’s education were significantly associated with undernutrition(P<0.05).Our survey highlighted that better nutritional interventions are needed to improve child health in this region.

关键词： maldives undernutrition stunting

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Acute Diarrhea Etiology in Young Children and Adults in the Republic of maldives—A Point Prevalence Study

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2015年第4期5卷 222-230页

作者： Abdul A. Yoosuf Ladaporn Bodhidatta Siriporn Sornsakrin Fathimath I. Manik Shah Saeed Mohamed Hassan Carl J. Mason Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital Male Republic of Maldives Azmi-Naeem Medical and Diagnostic Centre Male Republic of Maldives Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bangkok Thailand Hithadhoo Regional Hospital Seenu Atoll Republic of Maldives Kulhudhuffushi Regional Hospital Haa Dhaalu Atoll Republic of Maldives

Introduction: Despite its recent status of middle-income country in WHO’s South-East Asia Region, diarrhea remains an important yet unresearched public health issue in the Republic of maldives. Methodology: We conducted a one-month cross-sectional study in children and adults with acute diarrhea at three regional hospitals in maldives in August-September 2007 to investigate the point-prevalence of diarrhea etiologic agents. Enteric Bacteria was identified by a standard microbiology technique and isolates were submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test for norovirus. Results: We enrolled 73 children and 57 adults with acute diarrhea. The most common pathogens detected in children were norovirus (43%) and rotavirus (18%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (18%) and rotavirus (17%) were the most common pathogens found in adults. Multiple and mixed infections were common. All noroviruses were identified as genogroup II/type 4(GII/4). The genotype distributions of rotaviruses were G2P[4] (48%), G12P[6] (37%), G2P[6] (5%), G9P[8] (5%), and non-typeable G2 (5%). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary data on the importance of norovirus and rotavirus as diarrhea etiologic agents in maldives. A systematic prospective diarrhea surveillance documenting disease burden, etiology, seasonal variation, as well as risk factors should be conducted for the development of public health interventions to reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality in maldives.

关键词： Diarrhea maldives Rotavirus Norovirus

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Development of OIST Wave Energy Converter Monitoring System for maldives Island Experiment

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第8期12卷 375-384页

作者： Hideki Takebe Katsutoshi Shirasawa Jun Fujita Shuji Misumi Tsumoru Shintake Shintake Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology(OIST)Tancha 1919-1Onna-son Okinawa 904-0495Japan

This paper describes experiments with our self-built Wave Energy Convertor(WEC)monitoring system in the maldives and demonstrates how we developed a horizontal-axis type,half-scale,wave energy converter(WEC)that generates electricity in the coastal breaking wave *** order to measure this power generator and turbine’s efficiency,voltage and current were measured by pulling the generator with a 35 cm diameter turbine(half scale).We obtained data showing 400 W peak power in water speed of 3.1 m/***,we assembled two sets of WEC,placed them near the shoreline on Kandooma Island in the maldives in May 2018,and measured the wave energy at the breaking wave zone.A monitoring system was set up in one rack for the two sets of WECs,connected *** outputs of the generators were rectified and connected to power resistors and internal LED *** outputs could also be switched to connect to 24 electric double layer capacitors(EDLC),in order to perform a continuous lighting test of external high-power LED *** wave power data were continuously saved by an automated data logger and could be transferred from the installation site,to Japan via the *** wave power was measured on Kandooma Island in the maldives for a long period,and is still *** of the obtained data are shown in this paper.

关键词： Generator WEC wave energy converter breaking wave turbine sustainable energy EDLC,super-capacitor maldives OIST Internet remote monitoring

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赤道上的午餐 maldives

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商务旅行 2008年第10期 22-22页

作者： MICO

在一个海洋面积百分之九十九的国家,海,主宰着它的气候。靠近赤道的马尔代夫,也因为有了大片的湛蓝而变得别致。入住新开业的马尔代夫香格里拉大酒店,乘坐豪华游艇航行到距离酒店75公里远的南北半球的交会点,然后停靠下来,享用一顿丰盛... 详细信息

在一个海洋面积百分之九十九的国家,海,主宰着它的气候。靠近赤道的马尔代夫,也因为有了大片的湛蓝而变得别致。入住新开业的马尔代夫香格里拉大酒店,乘坐豪华游艇航行到距离酒店75公里远的南北半球的交会点,然后停靠下来,享用一顿丰盛美味的午间大餐,就在赤道线上。航行中,还可以在长21米的游艇上钓鱼。

关键词：海洋面积豪华游艇 maldives 交会点九十九南北半球金光灿灿

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是什么因素导致了马尔代夫的性别不平等？

是什么因素导致了马尔代夫的性别不平等？

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作者： Mizna Waheed 浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

Gender inequality has been recognized as a persisting issue in the maldives that requires immediate attention for the country to ***,the purpose of this research paper is to investigate the barriers that hinder gender equality in the *** research also aims to find out the public’s experiences and perceptions in relation to gender（in）equality and to ascertain whether the existing laws,policies and other related efforts pertaining to gender equality are operating effectively or *** this end,theoretical approach of feminism and qualitative research were *** data was collected through a questionnaire that was completed by 270 participants and semi-structured open-ended interviews which were conducted with 20 *** data was mainly collected from international conventions,official reports,academic journals,books and news *** linking these data with one another,this research identifies 5 factors that contribute to gender inequality in the local *** are cultural,social,economic,psychological and institutional *** findings of this study further show that the current laws,policies and other efforts to ensure gender equality are not being implemented *** findings are expected to provide helpful insights into the issue to better understand the problem and how to successfully tackle *** order to overcome these challenging factors,this research lastly brings forward some recommendations that can be adopted to eliminate gender inequality in the *** such,it suggests to conduct awareness-raising activities within the public and the higher authorities,promote Islamic narrative on gender equality,ensure the implementation,monitoring and evaluation of existing policies and laws,introduce family-friendly employment policies,gendersensitize the school environment and provide support to victims accordingly.

关键词： Gender Gender(in)equality Women maldives

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元代马八儿

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宋辽金元史 2019年第2期

作者：马建春王霰

元帝国不仅注重中西陆上通道的发展，也高度重视对海外的经略，并极力开拓东西海上交通。元代通往西方的海上通道，虽然是唐宋以来中西海上交通的延续，但却较以往多有拓展。这一时期自海路乘舶入华的域外人士，以色目人的身份积极参与... 详细信息

元帝国不仅注重中西陆上通道的发展，也高度重视对海外的经略，并极力开拓东西海上交通。元代通往西方的海上通道，虽然是唐宋以来中西海上交通的延续，但却较以往多有拓展。这一时期自海路乘舶入华的域外人士，以色目人的身份积极参与了东西方繁忙的海上贸易，由他们开拓的自红海海口亚丁，经索科特拉岛、马尔代夫至马八儿(印度南部马纳尔湾一带)到东方的航线其时渐趋活跃，缩短了自印度至红海沿岸及东非的航路，乃使东西交往更加便捷，在海上交通中发挥了突出作用，从而对印度洋海域网络建构产生了重要影响。

关键词：元代亚丁索科特拉马尔代夫航线开拓 Yuan Dynasty Aden Socotra maldives Maritime Route

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