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madden–julian Oscillation: Its Discovery, Dynamics, and Impact on East Asia

Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第1期34卷 20-42页

作者： Tim LI Jian LING Pang-Chi HSU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In this review article,we pay primary attention to innovative works in the madden–julian Oscillation(MJO)field done by Chinese *** historical aspect of discovery of the MJO and earlier studies of its dynamics by Chinese scientists are first *** is followed by the description of recent advances in MJO propagation and initiation *** MJO eastward propagation,two types of the moisture mode theory are *** first one emphasizes the effect of zonal asymmetry of perturbation moisture in the atmospheric boundary layer and the second one emphasizes the zonal asymmetry of column integrated moisture static energy(MSE)*** mechanisms for MJO initiation over the western Indian Ocean include three distinctive processes:lower tropospheric moistening due to horizontal advection caused by preceding suppressed-phase MJO,midlatitude Rossby wave activity flux convergence in the upper troposphere originated from the Southern Hemisphere,and a delayed sea surface temperature feedback in association with a preceding opposite-phase *** impacts of MJO on low-frequency variability of precipitation and temperature and associated extreme events in East Asia are also discussed.

关键词： madden–julian Oscillation(MJO) propagation and initiation lower tropospheric moistening Rossby wave activity flux delayed sea surface temperature feedback

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Origins of Quasi-Biweekly and Intraseasonal Oscillations over the South China Sea and Bay of Bengal and Scale Selection of Unstable Equatorial and Off-Equatorial Modes

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第1期34卷 137-149页

作者： Ying ZHANG Tim LI Jianyun GAO Wei WANG Ningde Branch of Fujian Meteorological Bureau China Meteorological AdministrationNingde 352100China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96822USA 4Fujian Institute of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationFuzhou 350001China Minhang District Office of Shanghai Meteorological Service China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 201199China

The daily outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)field in boreal summer shows significant power spectrum peaks on quasi-biweekly(10–20-day)and intraseasonal(20–80-day)timescales over the Indo–western Pacific warm pool,especially over the South China Sea and Bay of *** quasi-biweekly oscillation(QBWO)originates from offequatorial western North Pacific,and is characterized by a northwest–southeast oriented wave train pattern,propagating *** intraseasonal oscillation(ISO),on the other hand,originates from the equatorial Indian Ocean and propagates eastward and *** the equatorial mode possesses a 20–80-day periodicity while the off-equatorial mode favors a 10–20-day periodicity is investigated through idealized numerical experiments with a 2.5-layer atmospheric *** the off-equatorial region,the model simulates,under a realistic three-dimensional summer mean flow,the most unstable mode that has a wave train pattern with a typical zonal wavelength of 6000 km and a period of 10–20 days,propagating *** is in contrast to the equatorial region,where a madden–julian oscillation(MJO)like mode with a planetary(wavenumber-1)zonal scale and a period ranging from 20 to 80 days is *** experiments with different initial conditions indicate that the QBWO is an intrinsic mode of the atmosphere in boreal summer in the off-equatorial Indo–western Pacific region under the summer mean state,while the MJO is the most unstable mode in the equatorial region.

关键词： quasi-biweekly oscillation(QBWO) intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) madden–julian oscillation(MJO) scale selection

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Forecasts of MJO Events during DYNAMO with a Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Model:Sensitivity to Cumulus Parameterization Scheme

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第6期33卷 1016-1030页

作者： Mei-Yu CHANG Tim LI Pay-Liam LIN Ting-Huai CHANG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Department of Atmospheric Sciences“National”Central UniversityTaoyuan 32001 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Department of Earth and Life Science University of TaipeiTaipei 10048 Central Weather Bureau(CWB) Taipei 10048

An operational weather forecast model,coupled to an oceanic model,was used to predict the initiation and propagation of two major madden–julian Oscillation(MJO)events during the dynamics of the MJO(DYNAMO)campaign *** convective parameterization schemes were used to understand the sensitivity of the forecast to the model cumulus *** first is the Tiedtke(TDK)scheme,and the second is the Simplified Arakawa–Schubert(SAS)*** TDK scheme was able to forecast the MJO-1 and MJO-2 initiation at 15-and45-day lead,respectively,while the SAS scheme failed to predict the convection onset in the western equatorial Indian Ocean(WEIO).The diagnosis of the forecast results indicates that the successful prediction with the TDK scheme is attributed to the model capability to reproduce the observed intraseasonal outgoing longwave radiation–sea surface temperature(OLR–SST)*** one hand,the SST anomaly(SSTA)over the WEIO was induced by surface heat flux anomalies associated with the preceding suppressed-phase *** change of SSTA,in turn,caused boundary layer convergence and ascending motion,which further induced a positive column-integrated moist static energy(MSE)tendency,setting up a convectively unstable stratification for MJO *** forecast with the SAS scheme failed to reproduce the observed OLR–SST–MSE *** propagation characteristics differed markedly between the two *** eastward phase propagation in the TDK scheme is attributed to a positive zonal gradient of the MSE tendency relative to the MJO center,similar to the observed,whereas a reversed gradient appeared in the forecast with the SAS scheme with dominant westward *** difference is primarily attributed to anomalous vertical and horizontal MSE advection.

关键词： madden–julian Oscillation(MJO) initiation and eastward propagation dynamics of the MJO(DYNAMO) cumulus parameterization scheme moist static energy(MSE)budget

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