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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Genotype on Rice Grain macronutrients and Micronutrients

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Rice science 2014年第4期21卷 233-242页

作者： LIN Zhao-miao NING Hui-feng BI Jun-guo QIAO Jiang-fang LIU Zheng-hui LI Gang-hua WANG Qiang-sheng WANG Shao-hua DING Yan-feng College of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University

High nitrogen （N） input features China＇s intensive rice production system. To elucidate N and genotype effects on accumulation of macronutrients and micronutrients in grains of japonica rice, and to discuss its significance in rice production, a three-year field experiment involving six japonica rice varieties and seven N treatments were performed. macronutrients （Ca, Mg, K, and Na） and micronutrients （Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn） concentrations in brown and milled rice were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. For macronutrients, no consistently significant effect of N was detected in both brown and milled rice. For micronutrients, N showed significant effect, especially in lowering Zn accumulation in brown and milled rice. In addition, N tended to increase Fe concentration in milled rice. Genotype showed larger effect on distribution of minerals in milled rice than N. The high-yielding variety, Wuyunjing 7, accumulated larger proportion of Mg, K, and Zn in the milled rice as compared with the other five varieties and could be of value for rice breeding programs aiming at high nutritional quality. The results demonstrated differences in response to N between macronutrients and micronutrients, and are of significance for coping with ＇hidden hunger＇ both in humans and crops through agronomical practices.

关键词： macronutrient micronutrient nitrogen fertilization genotype rice

Allocation of macronutrients in Roots, Sheaths, and Leaves Determines Salt Tolerance in Rice

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第5期9卷 1051-1069页

作者： Thieu Thi Phong Thu Yasui Hideshi Yamakawa Takeo Plant Nutrition Laboratory Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Cultivation Science Faculty of Agronomy Vietnam National University of Agriculture Ha Noi Vietnam Plant Breeding Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Plant Nutrition Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

To determine useful parameters for salt tolerance in rice and selection of salt-tolerant varieties, their macronutrient contents in roots, sheaths, and leaves were evaluated under salt stress condition. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate 29 rice varieties for salt tolerance. The salt stress treatment included an artificial seawater solution (electrical conductivity of 12 dS·m-1). After a 2-week period of salt stress, standard evaluation scores (SES) of visual injuries for salt stress were assessed. In addition, we measured the contents of N, P, K, Na, Mg, and Ca in roots, sheaths, and leaves. The results showed that differences in macronutrients in the different plant tissues correlated with rice tolerance to the salt stress condition. Under the control treatment, salt-tolerant varieties exhibited low K content in root. Under the salt stress treatment, the salt-tolerant varieties exhibited low SES, high N content in leaves and sheaths, low Na content in leaves and sheaths, low Mg content in leaves and sheaths, and low Ca content in sheaths. The salt-tolerant varieties also exhibited high salt stress treatment/control treatment (ST/CT) ratios for dry matter in sheaths, N content in leaves and sheaths, and K content in sheaths, and low Na/K ratios in leaves and sheaths. Therefore, these parameters might be useful to understand salt tolerance in rice.

关键词： Salt Tolerance Rice macronutrient Content

In vitro Evaluating the Influence of Grape Seed Polyphenol Extract on the Digestibility of macronutrients

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Journal of Health Science 2016年第4期4卷 167-176页

作者： Jianmei Yu Yang Mi Shuang Ji Food and Nutritional Sciences Program Department of Family and Consumer Sciences North Carolina A & T State UniversityGreensboro NC 27411 USA

Interaction between dietary polyphenol and proteins including digestive enzymes may result in reduced digestibility of food macronutrients, thus lowering absorption of nutrients that contributing to high energy accumulation in human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of grape seed polyphenol extract （GSPE） on the digestibility of starch, food lipid and food protein by digestive enzymes such as u-amylase, lipase, pepsin and trypsin. The digestion of each substrate was conducted at the optimal pH and temperature of specific enzyme. Bread containing different amount of grape pomace was used as a real food model and its digestion was conducted under simulated digestion condition. Concentrations of reducing sugar, fatty acid and amino acids in enzyme digested mixtures were determined as indicators of starch, lipid and protein digestions, respectively. Results indicate that GSPE significantly inhibited the digestion of starch, cooking oil and casein, but did not inhibit digestion of whey protein and egg white protein. Instead, the digestion of egg white and whey protein by trypsin was moderately enhanced in the presence of GSPE. However, under simulated human digestion condition, the grape pomace in the bread significantly reduced the digestibility of bread starch and protein.

关键词： Grape seed polyphenol extract grape pomace macronutrient bread digestibility simulated digestion.

Investigating seed mineral composition in Korean landrace maize(Zea mays L.) and its kernel texture specificity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第9期18卷 1996-2005页

作者： Sooyeon Lim Gibum Yi Department of Plant Science Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute/Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University

Mineral malnutrition affects billions of people all over the world and biofortification of staple crops provides a potential way to alleviate dietary mineral *** example,nutritional quality is an important breeding target for fresh waxy maize(Zea mays L.),which is widely consumed in Asian *** improvement of mineral composition will require comprehensive profiling of the mineral composition of maize varieties and an understanding of the capacity for maize grains to accumulate ***,using inductively coupled plasma absorption emission spectrometry,we quantified 12 minerals from the seeds of 47 maize varieties,including 25 Korean *** also compared the mineral contents in varieties with different seed starch profiles:waxy maize(which contains 100%amylopectin),dent maize(roughly 75%amylopectin and 25%amylose),and flint maize(similar to dent maize).The amounts of potassium,phosphorus,and sulfur were correlated with seed texture,waxy maize having higher amounts of phosphorus and potassium than dent maize and lower amounts of sulfur than flint maize or dent *** addition,a positive relationship was detected between the amount of phosphorus and that of potassium,magnesium,and *** results provide information on maize seed mineral composition and indicate that it could be affected by starch ***,the landraces that exhibit high mineral contents could be used as germplasm materials for breeding programs aimed at producing biofortified maize cultivars.

关键词： micronutrient macronutrient biofortification maize aleurone endosperm

Effect of Different Cultivation Systems on the Accumulation of Nutrients and Phytochemicals in Ligularia fischeri

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2018年第1期4卷 24-29页

作者： WEI Hao MANIVANNAN Abinaya CHEN Yuze JEONG Byoung Ryong Department of Horticulture Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Research Institute of Life Science Gyeongsang National University

A hydroponic cultivation system was established to improve the nutraceutical properties of Ligularia fischeri(Ledeb.) Turcz, during which nutrient uptake by the plant from nutrient solution was measured using inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES).Based on the obtained data, the uptake of macro and micro elements per gram of fresh weight was calculated. The uptake of macro-elements of NH_4^+-N,NO_3^--N, K, S, P, Ca,and Mg were 1,62,4.27, 8.41,1.19, 2.59, 2,79, and 0.84 mg·g^(-1) FW and micro-elements of B, Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, and Zn were 9.91,22.31,25.73,2.51,2.91, and 5.07 μg·g^(-1) FW. Moreover, the effects of cultivation systems on growth and phytochemical composition of *** were compared. The greatest biomass was observed in the hydroponic cultivation system with continuous circulation nutrient solution compared to natural soil and Tosilee media based culture systems. The recirculated hydroponic system significantly increased the total phenol contents of the leaf, petiole, and root extracts by 17.6%, 30.60%, and 20.9% more compared to the soil grown. The recirculated hydroponic system treatment significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity of root extracts by 55.9% more compared to the soil treatment. Based on the contents of elements, total phenolic and flavonoid, it was concluded that hydroponic cultivation system is the optimal method to enhance medicinal value.

关键词： Ligularia fischeri hydroponic culture micronutrient macronutrient phytochemical

Microbial enhancement of plant nutrient acquisition

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 661-674页

作者： Sunil K.Singh Xiaoxuan Wu Chuyang Shao Huiming Zhang Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nutrient availability is a determining factor for crop yield and *** fertilization is a major approach for improving plant nutrition,its efficacy can be limited and the production and application of fertilizers frequently bring problems to the environment.A large number of soil microbes are capable of enhancing plant nutrient acquisition and thereby offer environmentally benign solutions to meet the requirements of plant *** we provide summations of how beneficial microbes enhance plant acquisition of macronutrients and *** also review recent studies on nutrition-dependent plant-microbe interactions,which highlight the plant’s initiative in establishing or deterring the plant-microbe *** dissecting complex signaling interactions between microbes within the root microbiome,a greater understanding of microbe-enhanced plant nutrition under specific biotic and abiotic stresses will be possible.

关键词： Beneficial microbes Plant macronutrient Micronutrient Plant-microbe interactions Volatile organic compounds Microbiome

Contents of Main Nutrients in Leaves of‘Jianyang Juyou’

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Asian Agricultural Research 2020年第10期12卷 56-59页

作者： Yanfei HUANG Guifen CHEN Yuyi HUANG Liumei XIONG Bin LIU Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultura SciencesNanning 530007China

[Objectives]This study aimed to understand and master the nutritional characteristics of‘Jianyang Juyou’growing in southern Guangxi,with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the rational fertilization of local orchards.[Methods]The leaves of 3-year-old‘Jianyang Juyou’were sampled according to the phenological characteristics,and the dynamics in the contents of macronutrients and main trace elements N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn and B in the leaves were analyzed.[Results]The average contents of N,P and K in the leaves of‘Jianyang Juyou’were in the order as N>K>*** them,the content of N reached the highest during the flowering period and then decreased;K maintained a high content around the fruit enlargement period;the Ca content of leaves is significantly greater than that of Mg,and the peak value of Ca content appeared during the flowering and color change periods;the Mg content increased from the germination stage to the late fruit enlargement stage,while decreased in the color change stage;the average contents of main trace elements in the leaves ranked as Fe>B>Zn;the Fe content gradually increased from the germination stage to the physiological fruit drop stage,and slowly decreased after the fruit enlargement;the Zn content peaked in the physiological fruit drop period and fruit maturity period;and the B content of the leaves was 81.6-87.2 mg/kg during the flowering period,the early period of fruit enlargement,the late period of fruit enlargement,and the color change period.[Conclusions]During the phenological period,the leaves of‘Jianyang Juyou’had a higher demand for N,and the peak absorption period was mainly concentrated from the germination period to the early period of fruit enlargement;the demand for K was second only to N,and the peak absorption period was concentrated in the early stage of fruit enlargement to the mature stage;and the demand for P was *** the production of‘Jianyang Juyou’Mg played an important role in promoting budding and blooming

关键词： Jianyang Juyou Leaf macronutrient Trace element